Pornography in North Korea: Difference between revisions
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[[North Korea]] forbids the possession, production, distribution and importation of [[pornography]]. This is punished harshly by the government. Nevertheless, pornography is widespread in the country because people secretly import it, or locally produce it. |
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The possession of it first became popular amongst elites during the late 1990s, when [[Kim Jong |
The possession of it first became popular amongst elites during the late 1990s, when [[Kim Jong Il]] was the leader of the country. High ranking political and military officials were the most active consumers of pornography.{{cn | date=November 2023}} Today, pornography is sold openly on the [[China–North Korea border]] despite the government's attempts to curtail circulation. Most of the content consumed in North Korea is produced outside the country, with a significant part of it being Chinese [[bootleg recording]]s of poor quality. A locally produced [[pornographic film]] typically involves nude or scantily clad women dancing to music. |
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==Habits== |
==Habits== |
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Sexuality is restricted in the conservative [[North Korean culture]]. Some defectors say that the lack of [[sex education]] in the country results in young people learning about [[Sexual intercourse|sex]] through [[pornography]], and also that adults watch less pornography than young people. Showing an interest in pornography may make one subject to [[Mass surveillance in North Korea|the country's mass surveillance network]].<ref name="Shin2015">{{Cite web | title = Pornography in North Korea | last = Shin | first = Junsik | work = New Focus International | date = 13 April 2015 | |
Sexuality is restricted in the conservative [[North Korean culture]]. Some defectors say that the lack of [[sex education]] in the country results in young people learning about [[Sexual intercourse|sex]] through [[pornography]], and also that adults watch less pornography than young people. Showing an interest in pornography may make one subject to [[Mass surveillance in North Korea|the country's mass surveillance network]].<ref name="Shin2015">{{Cite web | title = Pornography in North Korea | last = Shin | first = Junsik | work = New Focus International | date = 13 April 2015 | access-date = 20 September 2016 | url = http://newfocusintl.com/pornography-in-north-korea/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170902231534/http://newfocusintl.com/pornography-in-north-korea/ | archive-date = 2 September 2017}}</ref> |
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[[Pornographic magazine]]s and [[pornographic film|films]] sold at black markets are distributed as [[CDs]] called "Sex-R" (sex [[CD-R]]) and are arranged by video quality, which is mostly poor due to most of them being cheap [[bootleg recording]]s from [[China]]. Markets and distribution methods continue to develop.<ref name="Shin2015"/> Unauthorized sale of pornography takes place, for instance, at the [[Tongil Market]] of [[Pyongyang]].{{sfn|Hokkanen|2013|p=207}} On the [[China–North Korea border]] pornography is traded in the open.<ref name="Schwartzman2009"/> Exposure to Chinese pornography has also increased the number of [[abortion]]s.{{sfn|Hokkanen|2013|pp=231–232}} |
[[Pornographic magazine]]s and [[pornographic film|films]] sold at black markets are distributed as [[CDs]] called "Sex-R" (sex [[CD-R]]) and are arranged by video quality, which is mostly poor due to most of them being cheap [[bootleg recording]]s from [[China]]. Markets and distribution methods continue to develop.<ref name="Shin2015"/> Unauthorized sale of pornography takes place, for instance, at the [[Tongil Market]] of [[Pyongyang]].{{sfn|Hokkanen|2013|p=207}} On the [[China–North Korea border]] pornography is traded in the open.<ref name="Schwartzman2009"/> Exposure to Chinese pornography has also increased the number of [[abortion]]s.{{sfn|Hokkanen|2013|pp=231–232}} |
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In the past, pornographic videos were also made in [[North Korea]].<ref name="Shin2015"/> They began to appear during the leadership of [[Kim Jong |
In the past, pornographic videos were also made in [[North Korea]].<ref name="Shin2015"/> They began to appear during the leadership of [[Kim Jong Il]],<ref name="Schwartzman2009">{{Cite web | title = Is There Porn in North Korea? | last = Schwartzman | first = Nathan | work = Asian Correspondent | date = 27 November 2009 | access-date = 20 September 2016 | url = https://asiancorrespondent.com/2009/11/is-there-porn-in-north-korea/ | archive-date = 20 December 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161220092656/https://asiancorrespondent.com/2009/11/is-there-porn-in-north-korea/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> who himself reportedly had a significant collection of pornographic films.<ref name="holl_Sony">{{Cite web | title = Sony Hack: Father of North Korean Leader Was Obsessed With Hollywood Movies | first = Scott |last=Feinberg | work = The Hollywood Reporter | date =18 December 2014 | access-date = 22 October 2016 | url = http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/race/sony-hack-father-north-korean-759289 | quote = }}</ref> Domestic titles were usually immediately seized by the authorities. |
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Watching pornography became widespread among the country's elites in the late 1990s. Thereafter, the practice has spread to other societal strata as well. Domestic pornographic works usually feature nude or bikini-wearing North Korean women dancing to music. The [[Literature and Art Publishing Company]] secretly published a pornographic book, ''[[Licentious Stories]]'', for the use of party officials. In 2000, the [[Korean Central Broadcasting Committee]] also published a pornographic videotape for officials. Imported pornography has nowadays largely replaced domestic pornography. Political and army elites are the most active consumers of pornography. In 2007 renting a CD for one hour cost 2,000 [[North Korean won]], and middle-schoolers were known to rent them.<ref name="Moon2007">{{Cite web | title = Porno Became Widespread in '90s, Thanks to the Dear Leader | author = Moon Sung Hwee | work |
Watching pornography became widespread among the country's elites in the late 1990s. Thereafter, the practice has spread to other societal strata as well. Domestic pornographic works usually feature nude or bikini-wearing North Korean women dancing to music. The [[Literature and Art Publishing Company]] secretly published a pornographic book, ''[[Licentious Stories]]'', for the use of party officials. In 2000, the [[Korean Central Broadcasting Committee]] also published a pornographic videotape for officials. Imported pornography has nowadays largely replaced domestic pornography. Political and army elites are the most active consumers of pornography. In 2007 renting a CD for one hour cost 2,000 [[North Korean won]], and middle-schoolers were known to rent them.<ref name="Moon2007">{{Cite web | title = Porno Became Widespread in '90s, Thanks to the Dear Leader | author = Moon Sung Hwee | work=[[Daily NK]] | date = 23 December 2007 | access-date = 21 September 2016 | url = http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01300&num=3042}}</ref> In 1995, a pornographic film could be sold for as much as 80 dollars. In recent years, prices have fallen dramatically due to increased supply,{{sfn|Hokkanen|2013|p=234}} with one Chinese smuggler stating he regularly hands out porn for free for customers who buy pirated [[K-drama]]s.{{sfn|Hokkanen|2013|pp=234–235}} |
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South Korean pornographic films are smuggled into the country.<ref name="news_Fert">{{Cite web | title = Fertilizer shortage forces North Korea to sell human feces | author = | work = National Post | date = 29 December 2010 | |
South Korean pornographic films are smuggled into the country.<ref name="news_Fert">{{Cite web | title = Fertilizer shortage forces North Korea to sell human feces | author = | work = National Post | date = 29 December 2010 | access-date = 21 September 2016 | url = http://news.nationalpost.com/news/fertilizer-shortage-forces-north-korea-to-sell-human-feces | agency=Agence France-Presse}}</ref> [[Balloon propaganda campaigns in Korea|Propaganda balloons sent from South Korea]] to the North have featured sexually explicit material to appeal to North Korean soldiers, too.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mmg.mpg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/wp/WP_14-07_Jung%20Ballooning%20Evangelism.pdf#19 |title=Ballooning Evangelism: Psychological Warfare and Christianity in the Divided Korea |last=Jung |first=Jin-Heon |date=2014 |website=Max Planck Institute |series=MMG Working Paper |issue=14–07 |page=18 |issn=2192-2357 |access-date=7 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630054302/http://www.mmg.mpg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/wp/WP_14-07_Jung%20Ballooning%20Evangelism.pdf#19 |archive-date=30 June 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Henry A. Crumpton]], a veteran of the [[Central Intelligence Agency]]'s [[Directorate of Operations (CIA)|Directorate of Operations]], explains that he has "never met a North Korean diplomat who did not want porn, either for personal use or resale."<ref name="Crumpton2012">{{cite book|first=Henry A.|last=Crumpton|title=The Art of Intelligence: Lessons from a Life in the CIA's Clandestine Service|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QTIJw6ydTk8C&pg=PT14|year=2012|location=New York|publisher=Penguin Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-101-57222-1|page=14}}</ref> |
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==Law== |
==Law== |
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According to the [[Criminal Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea]]: |
According to the [[Criminal Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea]]: |
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{{ |
{{Blockquote|text=A person who, without authorization, imports, makes, distributes or illegally keeps music, dance, drawings, photos, books, video recordings or electronic media that reflects decadent, carnal or foul contents shall be punished by short term labour for less than two years. In cases where the person commits a grave offence, he or she shall be punished by reform through labour for less than five years. In cases where such a person imports, keeps or distributes sexual video recordings, the punishment shall be reform through labour for more than five years and less than ten years.|source= |
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Article 193 (Import, Keeping and Distribution of Decadent Culture), Chapter 6 (Crimes of Impairing Socialist Culture)<ref name="Law2009">{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalforumljd.org/sites/default/files/docs/library/DPRK%20Criminal%20Law_2009(EN).pdf#32|year=2009|title=Criminal Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea|publisher=Citizens' Alliance for North Korean Human Rights|translator1=Sang hyup Lee|translator2=Hyeong Su Park|translator3=Kyung Eun Ha|translator-first4=Markus|translator-last4=Simpson Bell|translator-first5=Lilian|translator-last5=Lee|translator-first6=Andrew|translator-last6=Wolman|access-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915195406/http://www.globalforumljd.org/sites/default/files/docs/library/DPRK%20Criminal%20Law_2009(EN).pdf#32|archive-date=15 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} |
Article 193 (Import, Keeping and Distribution of Decadent Culture), Chapter 6 (Crimes of Impairing Socialist Culture)<ref name="Law2009">{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalforumljd.org/sites/default/files/docs/library/DPRK%20Criminal%20Law_2009(EN).pdf#32|year=2009|title=Criminal Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea|publisher=Citizens' Alliance for North Korean Human Rights|translator1=Sang hyup Lee|translator2=Hyeong Su Park|translator3=Kyung Eun Ha|translator-first4=Markus|translator-last4=Simpson Bell|translator-first5=Lilian|translator-last5=Lee|translator-first6=Andrew|translator-last6=Wolman|access-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915195406/http://www.globalforumljd.org/sites/default/files/docs/library/DPRK%20Criminal%20Law_2009(EN).pdf#32|archive-date=15 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} |
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The law specifies that viewing such material is also illegal:<ref name="HassigOh2015">{{cite book|last1=Hassig|first1=Ralph|author2=Kongdan Oh|title=The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7T19CAAAQBAJ&pg=PA106|edition=2nd|date= 2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|location=Lanham|isbn=978-1-4422-3719-3|page=106}}</ref> |
The law specifies that viewing such material is also illegal:<ref name="HassigOh2015">{{cite book|last1=Hassig|first1=Ralph|author2=Kongdan Oh|title=The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7T19CAAAQBAJ&pg=PA106|edition=2nd|date= 2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|location=Lanham|isbn=978-1-4422-3719-3|page=106}}</ref> |
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{{ |
{{Blockquote|text=A person who watches or listens to music, dance, drawings, photos, books, video recordings or electronic media that reflects decadent, carnal or foul contents or who performs such acts himself or herself shall be punished by short term labour for less than two years. In cases where the person commits a grave offence, he or she shall be punished by reform through labour for less than five years.|source=Article 194 (Conduct of Decadent Acts)<ref name="Law2009"/> |
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}} |
}} |
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The [[State Security Department]] is tasked with monitoring illegal imports of pornographic materials. Involvement in illegal import results in the culprit being shot or sent to a [[kyohwaso]] (re-education camp) for 10 to 15 years.<ref>{{UN document|docid= A/HRC/25/CRP.1 |body= Human Rights Council |session= 25 |type= |resolution_number= |document_number= |title= Report of the detailed findings of the commission of inquiry on human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea |date=7 February 2014 |meeting= |meetingtime= |speakername= |speakernation= |page=60, §216}}</ref> Executions of several persons accused of watching or distributing pornography took place in late 2013.<ref>{{UN document|docid= A/HRC/25/CRP.1 |body= Human Rights Council |session= 25 |type= |resolution_number= |document_number= |title= Report of the detailed findings of the commission of inquiry on human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea|date=7 February 2014 |meeting= |meetingtime= |speakername= |speakernation= |page=61, §218}}</ref> It is illegal for tourists to bring pornography into the country.{{ |
The [[Ministry of State Security (North Korea)|State Security Department]] is tasked with monitoring illegal imports of pornographic materials. Involvement in illegal import results in the culprit being shot or sent to a [[kyohwaso]] (re-education camp) for 10 to 15 years.<ref>{{UN document|docid= A/HRC/25/CRP.1 |body= Human Rights Council |session= 25 |type= |resolution_number= |document_number= |title= Report of the detailed findings of the commission of inquiry on human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea |date=7 February 2014 |meeting= |meetingtime= |speakername= |speakernation= |page=60, §216}}</ref> Executions of several persons accused of watching or distributing pornography took place in late 2013.<ref>{{UN document|docid= A/HRC/25/CRP.1 |body= Human Rights Council |session= 25 |type= |resolution_number= |document_number= |title= Report of the detailed findings of the commission of inquiry on human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea|date=7 February 2014 |meeting= |meetingtime= |speakername= |speakernation= |page=61, §218}}</ref> It is illegal for tourists to bring pornography into the country.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}} Access to "sex and adult websites" on the Internet has been blocked from the country,<ref name="bigs_Nort">{{Cite web | title = North Korea now blocking Facebook, Twitter, other websites | agency = Associated Press | work = The Big Story | date = 1 April 2016 | first = Eric | last = Talmadge | access-date = 21 September 2016 | url = http://bigstory.ap.org/article/128ede4fc729447ab4540a7438ce0175/north-korea-now-blocking-facebook-twitter-other-websites-0 | archive-date = 4 April 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160404032436/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/128ede4fc729447ab4540a7438ce0175/north-korea-now-blocking-facebook-twitter-other-websites-0 | url-status = dead }}</ref> but in the past [[BitTorrent]] downloads of pornography have been detected, likely relating to foreigners residing in Pyongyang.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Popular downloads in N. Korea include Top Gear, porn | last = Hotham | first = Oliver | work=[[NK News]] | date = 15 August 2014 | access-date = 3 December 2014 | url = http://www.nknews.org/2014/08/popular-downloads-in-n-korea-include-top-gear/}}</ref> Likewise, North Koreans living near the border with China use mobile phones equipped with Chinese [[SIM cards]] to access Chinese porn sites.{{sfn|Hokkanen|2013|pp=23–24}} |
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When [[Kim Jong |
When [[Kim Jong Un]]'s uncle [[Jang Song-thaek]] was executed in 2013, distributing pornography was counted among his crimes.<ref name="inde_Jang">{{Cite web | title = Jang Song Thaek profile: The rise, fall and execution of Kim Jong Un's powerful uncle | last = Saul | first = Heather | work = The Independent | date = 13 December 2013 | access-date = 1 April 2017 | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/jang-song-thaek-profile-the-rise-and-fall-of-kim-jong-uns-powerful-uncle-9002528.html}}</ref> |
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North Korea has ratified the [[Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography]] of the [[Convention on the Rights of the Child]],<ref>{{Cite |
North Korea has ratified the [[Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography]] of the [[Convention on the Rights of the Child]],<ref>{{Cite book | title = North Korea | author = | chapter = North Korea: Events of 2015| work = Human Rights Watch | date = 27 January 2016| access-date = 21 September 2016 | chapter-url = https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2016/country-chapters/north-korea | quote = }}</ref> but has enacted no [[Legality of child pornography|legislation specific to child pornography]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.icmec.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Child-Pornography-Model-Law-8th-Ed-Final-linked.pdf#45|page=34|title=Child Pornography: Model Legislation & Global Review|edition=8th|date=2016|publisher=International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children|access-date=8 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218033714/http://www.icmec.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Child-Pornography-Model-Law-8th-Ed-Final-linked.pdf#45|archive-date=18 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Censorship in North Korea]] |
*[[Censorship in North Korea]] |
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*[[Internet in North Korea]] |
*[[Internet in North Korea]] |
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*''[[Jangmadang]]'' |
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*[[LGBT rights in North Korea]] |
*[[LGBT rights in North Korea]] |
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*[[North Korea's illicit activities]] |
*[[North Korea's illicit activities]] |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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=== |
===Sources=== |
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*{{cite book|last=Hokkanen|first=Jouni|title=Pohjois-Korea: Siperiasta itään|year=2013|publisher=Johnny Kniga|location=Helsinki|language=fi|isbn=978-951-0-39946-0|trans-title=North Korea: East of Siberia |
*{{cite book|last=Hokkanen|first=Jouni|title=Pohjois-Korea: Siperiasta itään|year=2013|publisher=Johnny Kniga|location=Helsinki|language=fi|isbn=978-951-0-39946-0|trans-title=North Korea: East of Siberia}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*{{Cite web| title = Caught with porn in North Korea| author = Kim Yoo-sung| work |
*{{Cite web| title = Caught with porn in North Korea| author = Kim Yoo-sung| work=[[NK News]] | date = 28 September 2015| access-date = 20 September 2016| url = https://www.nknews.org/2015/09/caught-with-adult-material-in-north-korea/}} |
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*{{Cite web | title = How I Smuggled 'Porn' Out of North Korea | author = | work = Foreign Policy | date = | |
*{{Cite web | title = How I Smuggled 'Porn' Out of North Korea | author = | work = Foreign Policy | date = | access-date = 20 September 2016 | url = https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/08/29/how-i-smuggled-porn-out-of-north-korea/ | quote = }} |
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*{{Cite web | title = |
*{{Cite web | title = Crumpton's greatest hits: North Koreans and porn, Wolfowitz stoned on Iraq, and British spies not as good as they think | author = | work = Foreign Policy | date = | access-date = 21 September 2016 | url = https://foreignpolicy.com/2012/05/30/crumptons-greatest-hits-north-koreans-and-porn-wolfowitz-stoned-on-iraq-and-british-spies-not-as-good-as-they-think/ | quote = }} |
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*{{Cite web | title = Memory of an Adult Movie | trans-title = | author = | work |
*{{Cite web | title = Memory of an Adult Movie | trans-title = | author = | work=[[Daily NK]] | date = 20 November 2007| access-date = 21 September 2016 | url = http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01300&num=2932 }} |
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{{North Korea topics}} |
{{North Korea topics}} |
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{{Asia topic|prefix=Pornography in|countries_only=yes}} |
{{Asia topic|prefix=Pornography in|countries_only=yes}} |
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{{Pornography legality|state=collapsed}} |
{{Pornography legality|state=collapsed}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:Pornography by country |
[[Category:Pornography by country]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Pornography in Asia]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:Law of North Korea|Pornography]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:08, 27 April 2024
Fully legal
Partially legal, under some restrictions, or ambiguous status
Illegal
Data unavailable
North Korea forbids the possession, production, distribution and importation of pornography. This is punished harshly by the government. Nevertheless, pornography is widespread in the country because people secretly import it, or locally produce it.
The possession of it first became popular amongst elites during the late 1990s, when Kim Jong Il was the leader of the country. High ranking political and military officials were the most active consumers of pornography.[citation needed] Today, pornography is sold openly on the China–North Korea border despite the government's attempts to curtail circulation. Most of the content consumed in North Korea is produced outside the country, with a significant part of it being Chinese bootleg recordings of poor quality. A locally produced pornographic film typically involves nude or scantily clad women dancing to music.
Habits
[edit]Sexuality is restricted in the conservative North Korean culture. Some defectors say that the lack of sex education in the country results in young people learning about sex through pornography, and also that adults watch less pornography than young people. Showing an interest in pornography may make one subject to the country's mass surveillance network.[1]
Pornographic magazines and films sold at black markets are distributed as CDs called "Sex-R" (sex CD-R) and are arranged by video quality, which is mostly poor due to most of them being cheap bootleg recordings from China. Markets and distribution methods continue to develop.[1] Unauthorized sale of pornography takes place, for instance, at the Tongil Market of Pyongyang.[2] On the China–North Korea border pornography is traded in the open.[3] Exposure to Chinese pornography has also increased the number of abortions.[4]
In the past, pornographic videos were also made in North Korea.[1] They began to appear during the leadership of Kim Jong Il,[3] who himself reportedly had a significant collection of pornographic films.[5] Domestic titles were usually immediately seized by the authorities.
Watching pornography became widespread among the country's elites in the late 1990s. Thereafter, the practice has spread to other societal strata as well. Domestic pornographic works usually feature nude or bikini-wearing North Korean women dancing to music. The Literature and Art Publishing Company secretly published a pornographic book, Licentious Stories, for the use of party officials. In 2000, the Korean Central Broadcasting Committee also published a pornographic videotape for officials. Imported pornography has nowadays largely replaced domestic pornography. Political and army elites are the most active consumers of pornography. In 2007 renting a CD for one hour cost 2,000 North Korean won, and middle-schoolers were known to rent them.[6] In 1995, a pornographic film could be sold for as much as 80 dollars. In recent years, prices have fallen dramatically due to increased supply,[7] with one Chinese smuggler stating he regularly hands out porn for free for customers who buy pirated K-dramas.[8]
South Korean pornographic films are smuggled into the country.[9] Propaganda balloons sent from South Korea to the North have featured sexually explicit material to appeal to North Korean soldiers, too.[10] Henry A. Crumpton, a veteran of the Central Intelligence Agency's Directorate of Operations, explains that he has "never met a North Korean diplomat who did not want porn, either for personal use or resale."[11]
Law
[edit]According to the Criminal Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea:
A person who, without authorization, imports, makes, distributes or illegally keeps music, dance, drawings, photos, books, video recordings or electronic media that reflects decadent, carnal or foul contents shall be punished by short term labour for less than two years. In cases where the person commits a grave offence, he or she shall be punished by reform through labour for less than five years. In cases where such a person imports, keeps or distributes sexual video recordings, the punishment shall be reform through labour for more than five years and less than ten years.
— Article 193 (Import, Keeping and Distribution of Decadent Culture), Chapter 6 (Crimes of Impairing Socialist Culture)[12]
The law specifies that viewing such material is also illegal:[13]
A person who watches or listens to music, dance, drawings, photos, books, video recordings or electronic media that reflects decadent, carnal or foul contents or who performs such acts himself or herself shall be punished by short term labour for less than two years. In cases where the person commits a grave offence, he or she shall be punished by reform through labour for less than five years.
— Article 194 (Conduct of Decadent Acts)[12]
The State Security Department is tasked with monitoring illegal imports of pornographic materials. Involvement in illegal import results in the culprit being shot or sent to a kyohwaso (re-education camp) for 10 to 15 years.[14] Executions of several persons accused of watching or distributing pornography took place in late 2013.[15] It is illegal for tourists to bring pornography into the country.[citation needed] Access to "sex and adult websites" on the Internet has been blocked from the country,[16] but in the past BitTorrent downloads of pornography have been detected, likely relating to foreigners residing in Pyongyang.[17] Likewise, North Koreans living near the border with China use mobile phones equipped with Chinese SIM cards to access Chinese porn sites.[18]
When Kim Jong Un's uncle Jang Song-thaek was executed in 2013, distributing pornography was counted among his crimes.[19]
North Korea has ratified the Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography of the Convention on the Rights of the Child,[20] but has enacted no legislation specific to child pornography.[21]
See also
[edit]
- Pornography laws by region
- Legality of child pornography
- Censorship in North Korea
- Internet in North Korea
- LGBT rights in North Korea
- North Korea's illicit activities
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Shin, Junsik (13 April 2015). "Pornography in North Korea". New Focus International. Archived from the original on 2 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
- ^ Hokkanen 2013, p. 207.
- ^ a b Schwartzman, Nathan (27 November 2009). "Is There Porn in North Korea?". Asian Correspondent. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
- ^ Hokkanen 2013, pp. 231–232.
- ^ Feinberg, Scott (18 December 2014). "Sony Hack: Father of North Korean Leader Was Obsessed With Hollywood Movies". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
- ^ Moon Sung Hwee (23 December 2007). "Porno Became Widespread in '90s, Thanks to the Dear Leader". Daily NK. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
- ^ Hokkanen 2013, p. 234.
- ^ Hokkanen 2013, pp. 234–235.
- ^ "Fertilizer shortage forces North Korea to sell human feces". National Post. Agence France-Presse. 29 December 2010. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
- ^ Jung, Jin-Heon (2014). "Ballooning Evangelism: Psychological Warfare and Christianity in the Divided Korea" (PDF). Max Planck Institute. MMG Working Paper. p. 18. ISSN 2192-2357. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ Crumpton, Henry A. (2012). The Art of Intelligence: Lessons from a Life in the CIA's Clandestine Service. New York: Penguin Publishing Group. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-101-57222-1.
- ^ a b "Criminal Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea" (PDF). Translated by Sang hyup Lee; Hyeong Su Park; Kyung Eun Ha; Simpson Bell, Markus; Lee, Lilian; Wolman, Andrew. Citizens' Alliance for North Korean Human Rights. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2016. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
- ^ Hassig, Ralph; Kongdan Oh (2015). The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom (2nd ed.). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 106. ISBN 978-1-4422-3719-3.
- ^ United Nations Human Rights Council Session 25 Report of the detailed findings of the commission of inquiry on human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea A/HRC/25/CRP.1 page 60, §216. 7 February 2014.
- ^ United Nations Human Rights Council Session 25 Report of the detailed findings of the commission of inquiry on human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea A/HRC/25/CRP.1 page 61, §218. 7 February 2014.
- ^ Talmadge, Eric (1 April 2016). "North Korea now blocking Facebook, Twitter, other websites". The Big Story. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 4 April 2016. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
- ^ Hotham, Oliver (15 August 2014). "Popular downloads in N. Korea include Top Gear, porn". NK News. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
- ^ Hokkanen 2013, pp. 23–24.
- ^ Saul, Heather (13 December 2013). "Jang Song Thaek profile: The rise, fall and execution of Kim Jong Un's powerful uncle". The Independent. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
- ^ "North Korea: Events of 2015". North Korea. 27 January 2016. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Child Pornography: Model Legislation & Global Review (PDF) (8th ed.). International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children. 2016. p. 34. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
Sources
[edit]- Hokkanen, Jouni (2013). Pohjois-Korea: Siperiasta itään [North Korea: East of Siberia] (in Finnish). Helsinki: Johnny Kniga. ISBN 978-951-0-39946-0.
External links
[edit]- Kim Yoo-sung (28 September 2015). "Caught with porn in North Korea". NK News. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
- "How I Smuggled 'Porn' Out of North Korea". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
- "Crumpton's greatest hits: North Koreans and porn, Wolfowitz stoned on Iraq, and British spies not as good as they think". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
- "Memory of an Adult Movie". Daily NK. 20 November 2007. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
