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{{Short description|Sub-Section of the 1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons}} |
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The '''Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices''' is a [[United Nations]] [[multilateral treaty|treaty]] that restricts the use of [[land mine]]s, remotely delivered mines, and [[booby trap]]s. It is Protocol II to the 1980 [[Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons]]. |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}} |
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The '''Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices''' is a [[United Nations]] [[multilateral treaty|treaty]] that restricts the use of [[land mine]]s, remotely delivered mines, and [[booby trap]]s. It is Protocol II to the 1980 [[Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons]].<ref name=matheson-1997>{{citation|title=The Revision of the Mines Protocol|language=en|journal=The American Journal of International Law|volume=91|issue=1|date=January 1997|pages=158–167|first=Michael J.|last=Matheson|doi=10.2307/2954157|jstor=2954157}}</ref><ref name=casey-2020>{{citation|title=Lessons From The Movement to Eliminate Landmines|language=en|work=Brown Journal of World Affairs|volume=27|issue=1|pages=37–53|first=Stuart|last=Casey-Maslan|issn=1080-0786|date=2020}}</ref> |
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==Content== |
==Content== |
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The Protocol prohibits the use of land mines, remotely delivered mines, or booby traps to kill civilians or to cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering to soldiers. It also prohibits the use of booby traps that are "attached to or associated with" any of the following features: (a) internationally recognized protective emblems, signs or signals; (b) sick, wounded or dead persons; (c) burial or cremation sites or graves; (d) medical facilities, medical equipment, medical supplies or medical transportation; (e) |
The Protocol prohibits the use of land mines, remotely delivered mines, or booby traps to kill civilians or to cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering to soldiers. It also prohibits the use of booby traps that are "attached to or associated with" any of the following features: |
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:(a) internationally recognized protective emblems, signs or signals; |
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:(b) sick, wounded or dead persons; |
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:(c) burial or cremation sites or graves; |
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:(d) medical facilities, medical equipment, medical supplies or medical transportation; |
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:(e) children's toys or other portable objects or products specially designed for the feeding, health, hygiene, clothing or education of children; |
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:(f) food or drink; |
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:(g) kitchen utensils or appliances except in military establishments, military locations or military supply depots; |
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:(h) objects clearly of a religious nature; |
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:(i) historic monuments, works of art or places of worship which constitute the cultural or spiritual heritage of peoples; and |
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:(j) animals or their carcasses. |
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The Protocol applies to both international and internal [[armed conflicts]]. It prohibits the use of non-detectable anti-personnel mines and their transfer; prohibits the use of non-self-destructing and non-self-deactivating mines outside fenced, monitored and marked areas; broadens obligations of protection in favour of peacekeeping and other missions of the United Nations and its agencies; requires States to enforce compliance with its provisions within their jurisdiction; and calls for penal sanctions in case of violation. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The original Protocol was an annex to the 1980 [[Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons]] and entered into force on 2 December 1983. The Protocol was amended in [[Geneva]] on 3 May 1996. The amended version entered into force on 3 December 1998 and as of |
The original Protocol was an annex to the 1980 [[Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons]] and entered into force on 2 December 1983. The Protocol was amended in [[Geneva]] on 3 May 1996. The amendment was triggered due to widespread harm caused to by civilians during the [[Indochina Wars]].<ref name=matheson-1997/> The convention previously only applied to international conflicts, but the amendment extended the Mines Protocol to also include internal conflicts.<ref name=matheson-1997/><ref name=casey-2020/> The amended version entered into force on 3 December 1998 and as of October 2020 has 106 state parties, which includes 105 [[United Nations member states]] plus the [[Holy See]].<ref name=casey-2020/> |
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The convention has been credited with saving hundreds of thousands of civilian lives since being amended in the 1990s.<ref name=casey-2020/> |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http:// |
*[http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/1980d.htm 1996 (amended) Protocol] |
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*[ |
*[https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/xsp/.ibmmodres/domino/OpenAttachment/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/82CF2C7C75E37C5AC12563FB006181B4/FULLTEXT/IHL-92-EN.pdf 1996 (amended) Protocol] |
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*[ |
*[https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=XXVI-2-b&chapter=26&clang=_en State parties (amended)] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices, Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices, Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of}} |
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[[Category:1996 in Switzerland]] |
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[[Category:Arms control treaties]] |
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[[Category:Treaties entered into force in 1983]] |
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[[Category:Mine action|Protocol]] |
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[[Category:Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons]] |
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Latest revision as of 03:39, 28 April 2024
The Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices is a United Nations treaty that restricts the use of land mines, remotely delivered mines, and booby traps. It is Protocol II to the 1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons.[1][2]
Content
[edit]The Protocol prohibits the use of land mines, remotely delivered mines, or booby traps to kill civilians or to cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering to soldiers. It also prohibits the use of booby traps that are "attached to or associated with" any of the following features:
- (a) internationally recognized protective emblems, signs or signals;
- (b) sick, wounded or dead persons;
- (c) burial or cremation sites or graves;
- (d) medical facilities, medical equipment, medical supplies or medical transportation;
- (e) children's toys or other portable objects or products specially designed for the feeding, health, hygiene, clothing or education of children;
- (f) food or drink;
- (g) kitchen utensils or appliances except in military establishments, military locations or military supply depots;
- (h) objects clearly of a religious nature;
- (i) historic monuments, works of art or places of worship which constitute the cultural or spiritual heritage of peoples; and
- (j) animals or their carcasses.
The Protocol applies to both international and internal armed conflicts. It prohibits the use of non-detectable anti-personnel mines and their transfer; prohibits the use of non-self-destructing and non-self-deactivating mines outside fenced, monitored and marked areas; broadens obligations of protection in favour of peacekeeping and other missions of the United Nations and its agencies; requires States to enforce compliance with its provisions within their jurisdiction; and calls for penal sanctions in case of violation.
History
[edit]The original Protocol was an annex to the 1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and entered into force on 2 December 1983. The Protocol was amended in Geneva on 3 May 1996. The amendment was triggered due to widespread harm caused to by civilians during the Indochina Wars.[1] The convention previously only applied to international conflicts, but the amendment extended the Mines Protocol to also include internal conflicts.[1][2] The amended version entered into force on 3 December 1998 and as of October 2020 has 106 state parties, which includes 105 United Nations member states plus the Holy See.[2]
The convention has been credited with saving hundreds of thousands of civilian lives since being amended in the 1990s.[2]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Matheson, Michael J. (January 1997), "The Revision of the Mines Protocol", The American Journal of International Law, 91 (1): 158–167, doi:10.2307/2954157, JSTOR 2954157
- ^ a b c d Casey-Maslan, Stuart (2020), "Lessons From The Movement to Eliminate Landmines", Brown Journal of World Affairs, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 37–53, ISSN 1080-0786
External links
[edit]Kategorien:
- 1996 in Switzerland
- Arms control treaties
- Treaties concluded in 1980
- Treaties entered into force in 1983
- Treaties concluded in 1996
- Treaties entered into force in 1998
- International humanitarian law treaties
- United Nations treaties
- Mine action
- Treaties of Albania
- Treaties of Argentina
- Treaties of Australia
- Treaties of Austria
- Treaties of Bangladesh
- Treaties of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
- Treaties of Belgium
- Treaties of Bolivia
- Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Treaties of Brazil
- Treaties of the People's Republic of Bulgaria
- Treaties of Burkina Faso
- Treaties of Cambodia
- Treaties of Cameroon
- Treaties of Canada
- Treaties of Cape Verde
- Treaties of Chile
- Treaties of the People's Republic of China
- Treaties of Colombia
- Treaties of Costa Rica
- Treaties of Croatia
- Treaties of Cyprus
- Treaties of the Czech Republic
- Treaties of Denmark
- Treaties of the Dominican Republic
- Treaties of Ecuador
- Treaties of El Salvador
- Treaties of Estonia
- Treaties of Finland
- Treaties of France
- Treaties of Gabon
- Treaties of Georgia (country)
- Treaties of Germany
- Treaties of Greece
- Treaties of Grenada
- Treaties of Guatemala
- Treaties of Guinea-Bissau
- Treaties of the Holy See
- Treaties of Honduras
- Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic
- Treaties of Iceland
- Treaties of Iraq
- Treaties of India
- Treaties of Ireland
- Treaties of Israel
- Treaties of Italy
- Treaties of Jamaica
- Treaties of Japan
- Treaties of Jordan
- Treaties of Kuwait
- Treaties of Latvia
- Treaties of Liberia
- Treaties of Liechtenstein
- Treaties of Lithuania
- Treaties of Luxembourg
- Treaties of Madagascar
- Treaties of the Maldives
- Treaties of Mali
- Treaties of Malta
- Treaties of Monaco
- Treaties of Montenegro
- Treaties of Morocco
- Treaties of Nauru
- Treaties of the Netherlands
- Treaties of New Zealand
- Treaties of Nicaragua
- Treaties of Niger
- Treaties of Norway
- Treaties of Pakistan
- Treaties of Panama
- Treaties of Paraguay
- Treaties of Peru
- Treaties of the Philippines
- Treaties of the Polish People's Republic
- Treaties of Portugal
- Treaties of South Korea
- Treaties of Moldova
- Treaties of Romania
- Treaties of the Soviet Union
- Treaties of Senegal
- Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro
- Treaties of Seychelles
- Treaties of Sierra Leone
- Treaties of Slovakia
- Treaties of Slovenia
- Treaties of South Africa
- Treaties of Spain
- Treaties of Sri Lanka
- Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Treaties of Sweden
- Treaties of Switzerland
- Treaties of Tajikistan
- Treaties of North Macedonia
- Treaties of Tunisia
- Treaties of Turkey
- Treaties of Turkmenistan
- Treaties of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
- Treaties of the United Kingdom
- Treaties of the United States
- Treaties of Uruguay
- Treaties of Venezuela
- Treaties of Zambia
- Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands
- Treaties extended to Greenland
- Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons
- Treaties extended to the Caribbean Netherlands
- Treaties of Mauritius