Gabija: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description | Spirit of the fire in Lithuanian mythology}} |
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{{Refimprove|date=November 2007}} |
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{{Baltic religion}} |
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[[Image:Gabija.jpg|thumb|Gabija, a mosaic by Vitolis Trušys (1978)]] |
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{{for|given name|Gabija (given name)}} |
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'''Gabija''' (also known as Gabieta, Gabeta) is the [[goddess]] of [[fire]] and of the [[hearth]] of homes in [[Lithuanian mythology]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.pantheon.org/articles/g/gabija.html|title = Gabija|accessdate = 2007-11-18|year = 2007|work = Encyclopedia Mythica|publisher = Encyclopedia Mythica Online}}</ref> Sometimes she takes the [[zoomorphic]] form of a [[cat]] or a [[bird]]. People respected Gabija and feared her wrath. Gabija was identified with [[Agatha of Sicily|St. Agatha]] after [[Christianization]]. |
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'''Gabija''' (also known as '''Gabieta''', '''Gabeta''') is the spirit of the [[fire]] in [[Lithuanian mythology]]. She is the protector of home and family. Her name is derived from ''gaubti'' (to cover, to protect)<ref name=gimbu/> or from [[Agatha of Sicily|St. Agatha]] ({{lang-ru|Гафия}}, Gafiya).<ref name=bojtar/> Gabija is only mentioned in a [[list of Lithuanian gods]] by the Christian theologian [[Jan Łasicki]] in his treatise on [[idolatry]] (published in 1615). She is found in Lithuanian [[folklore]].<ref name=bojtar/> |
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Gabija could take [[zoomorphic]] forms of a cat, stork or rooster,<ref name=gimbu/> or she could appear as a woman clothed in red.<ref name=trink/> Gabija was greatly respected and cared for like a living creature. People would feed Gabija by offering [[bread and salt]].<ref name=gimbu/> Fire had to be laid to bed – women would cover the charcoal with ashes every evening so that fire would not wander around.<ref name=gimbu/> Just as Gabija was the protector of the house, mother of the household was the protector of fire.<ref name=johns/> Sometimes a bowl of clean water would be left near the hearth so that Gabija could wash herself.<ref name=trink/> If angered, Gabija would "go for a walk" burning the house. Much folklore describes the ill fate of those who offended Gabija by stomping, spitting, or urinating on her.<ref name=trink/> |
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The fire of Gabija was cared for like a domesticated animal. Before laying the bed for a fire, people would leave a utensil filled with water. They believed that Gabija would use that to bathe her face. When the bed of the fire was laid, prayers would be said to the goddess of fire. |
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'''Matka Gabia''' is the Lithuanian goddess of the home, hearth, and patron of their care. She most likely originates from Gabija. |
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In [[microbiology]] the name Gabija, shortened to Gaj, has been attributed to a genome.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/J8H9C1|title=J8H9C1 · GAJA_BACC6|work=UniProt|publisher=EMBL's European Bioinformatics Institute|quote=Alternative names: Gabija protein GajA}}</ref>{{fact|date=November 2021}} |
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==See also== |
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*[[List of Lithuanian gods and mythological figures]] |
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The belief was that the fire would provide protection from unclean people. These included thieves and other reprobates. Unclean people also were women during their monthly period or for 40 days after the delivery of a child. The fire itself could become unclean -- then a new fire would have to be lit. Gabija sometimes is identified with [[Gabjauja]], one of the [[List of Lithuanian household gods|Lithuanian household gods]]. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist |
{{Reflist|refs= |
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<ref name=bojtar>{{cite book |first=Endre |last=Bojtár |title=Foreword to the Past: A Cultural History of the Baltic People |publisher=CEU Press |year=1999 |page=298 |isbn=963-9116-42-4}}</ref> |
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<ref name=gimbu>{{cite book | title=The Living Goddesses |first=Marija |last=Gimbutas |authorlink=Marija Gimbutas |author2=Miriam Robbins Dexter | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xs26aFrT0YAC&pg=PA203 | page=203 | publisher=University of California Press |year=2001 |isbn=0-520-22915-0}}</ref> |
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<ref name=johns>{{cite book| title=Earth, Water, Fire, and Air: Essential Ways of Connecting to Spirit |first=Cait |last=Johnson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_M99GVLhI8C&pg=PT151 |page=135 | publisher=SkyLight Paths Publishing |year=2002 |isbn=1-893361-65-9}}</ref> |
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<ref name=trink>{{cite book | title= Of Gods & Holidays: The Baltic Heritage | editor= Jonas Trinkūnas | editor-link=Jonas Trinkūnas | publisher=Tvermė |year=1999 |isbn=9986-476-27-5 | pages=85–87}}</ref> |
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}} |
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[[Category:Characters of Lithuanian folk tales]] |
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[[Category:Lithuanian goddesses]] |
[[Category:Lithuanian goddesses]] |
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[[Category:Domestic and hearth deities]] |
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[[Category:Fire goddesses]] |
[[Category:Fire goddesses]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Cat goddesses]] |
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{{Lithuania-stub}} |
{{Lithuania-stub}} |
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{{ |
{{Europe-myth-stub}} |
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[[lt:Gabija]] |
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[[pl:Gabija]] |
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[[bat-smg:Gabėjė]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:57, 28 April 2024
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Gabija (also known as Gabieta, Gabeta) is the spirit of the fire in Lithuanian mythology. She is the protector of home and family. Her name is derived from gaubti (to cover, to protect)[1] or from St. Agatha (Russian: Гафия, Gafiya).[2] Gabija is only mentioned in a list of Lithuanian gods by the Christian theologian Jan Łasicki in his treatise on idolatry (published in 1615). She is found in Lithuanian folklore.[2]
Gabija could take zoomorphic forms of a cat, stork or rooster,[1] or she could appear as a woman clothed in red.[3] Gabija was greatly respected and cared for like a living creature. People would feed Gabija by offering bread and salt.[1] Fire had to be laid to bed – women would cover the charcoal with ashes every evening so that fire would not wander around.[1] Just as Gabija was the protector of the house, mother of the household was the protector of fire.[4] Sometimes a bowl of clean water would be left near the hearth so that Gabija could wash herself.[3] If angered, Gabija would "go for a walk" burning the house. Much folklore describes the ill fate of those who offended Gabija by stomping, spitting, or urinating on her.[3]
Matka Gabia is the Lithuanian goddess of the home, hearth, and patron of their care. She most likely originates from Gabija.
In microbiology the name Gabija, shortened to Gaj, has been attributed to a genome.[5][citation needed]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Gimbutas, Marija; Miriam Robbins Dexter (2001). The Living Goddesses. University of California Press. p. 203. ISBN 0-520-22915-0.
- ^ a b Bojtár, Endre (1999). Foreword to the Past: A Cultural History of the Baltic People. CEU Press. p. 298. ISBN 963-9116-42-4.
- ^ a b c Jonas Trinkūnas, ed. (1999). Of Gods & Holidays: The Baltic Heritage. Tvermė. pp. 85–87. ISBN 9986-476-27-5.
- ^ Johnson, Cait (2002). Earth, Water, Fire, and Air: Essential Ways of Connecting to Spirit. SkyLight Paths Publishing. p. 135. ISBN 1-893361-65-9.
- ^ "J8H9C1 · GAJA_BACC6". UniProt. EMBL's European Bioinformatics Institute.
Alternative names: Gabija protein GajA
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