Kalkarindji: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Aboriginal settlement in the Victoria Daly Region, Northern Territory, Australia}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}} |
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{{use Australian English|date=August 2020}} |
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{{Infobox Australian place |
{{Infobox Australian place |
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| type = suburb |
| type = suburb |
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| pop = 334 |
| pop = 334 |
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| pop_year = {{CensusAU|2016}} |
| pop_year = {{CensusAU|2016}} |
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| pop_footnotes = <ref name ="Census2016">{{Census 2016 AUS|id = SSC70141 |
| pop_footnotes = <ref name ="Census2016">{{Census 2016 AUS | id = SSC70141| name = Kalkarindji (State Suburb)| quick = on | accessdate = 20 August 2017}}</ref> |
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| poprank = |
| poprank = |
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| density = |
| density = |
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| density_footnotes = |
| density_footnotes = |
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| established = 1972 (community)<br/>4 April 2007 (locality) |
| established = 1972 (community)<br/>5 October 1976 (town)<br/>4 April 2007 (locality) |
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| established_footnotes = <ref name="NT-Placenames"/><ref name=town>{{cite news |last1= Adermann |first1= Evan |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article240844081 |title=THE NORTHERN TERRITORY OF AUSTRALIA Crown Lands Ordinance PROCLAMATION |newspaper=[[Australian Government Gazette]] |date=5 October 1976 |access-date=23 March 2020 |page=2 |via=Trove }}</ref> |
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| established_footnotes = <ref name="NT-Placenames"/> |
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| postcode = 0852<ref name=postcode>{{cite web|title= Kalkarindji Postcode|url= https://www.postcode-finders.com.au/nt-kalkarindji-postcode |publisher= postcode-finders.com.au |access-date=25 January 2020}}</ref> |
| postcode = 0852<ref name=postcode>{{cite web|title= Kalkarindji Postcode|url= https://www.postcode-finders.com.au/nt-kalkarindji-postcode |publisher= postcode-finders.com.au |access-date=25 January 2020}}</ref> |
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| elevation = 196 |
| elevation = 196 |
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| elevation_footnotes = weather station<ref name="climate"/> |
| elevation_footnotes = weather station<ref name="climate"/> |
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| area = 6 |
| area = 6 |
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| area_footnotes = <ref name=area>{{cite web|title= Kalkarindji |url= https://www.australias.guide/nt/location/kalkarindji/ |publisher= |
| area_footnotes = <ref name=area>{{cite web|title= Kalkarindji |url= https://www.australias.guide/nt/location/kalkarindji/ |publisher= Australia's Guide Pty Ltd.|access-date=25 January 2020}}</ref> |
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| timezone = [[UTC9:30|ACST]] |
| timezone = [[UTC9:30|ACST]] |
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| utc = +9:30 |
| utc = +9:30 |
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| dir1 = S |
| dir1 = S |
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| location1 = [[Darwin City, Northern Territory|Darwin]]<ref name=postcode/> |
| location1 = [[Darwin City, Northern Territory|Darwin]]<ref name=postcode/> |
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| dist2 = |
| dist2 = 460 |
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| dir2 = |
| dir2 = SW |
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| location2 = [[Katherine, Northern Territory|Katherine]]<ref name=VDR>{{cite web |title=OUR COMMUNITIES: Kalkarindji / Daguragu |url=https://www.victoriadaly.nt.gov.au/kalkarindji-daguragu/ |publisher=Victoria Daly Region |accessdate=23 March 2020}}</ref> |
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| location2 = |
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| lga = [[Victoria Daly Region]]<ref name="NT-Placenames"/> |
| lga = [[Victoria Daly Region]]<ref name="NT-Placenames"/> |
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| stategov = [[Electoral division of |
| stategov = [[Electoral division of Gwoja|Gwoja]]<ref name=NTEC>{{cite web|title=Division of Stuart|url=https://ntec.nt.gov.au/Electoral-divisions/division-profiles/division-profiles/division-of-stuart|publisher=Northern Territory Electoral Commission|access-date=25 January 2020|archive-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320144619/https://ntec.nt.gov.au/Electoral-divisions/division-profiles/division-profiles/division-of-stuart|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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| fedgov = [[division of Lingiari|Lingiari]]<ref name=AEC>{{cite web|title=Federal electoral division of Lingiari|url=https://www.aec.gov.au/profiles/nt/lingiari.html|publisher=Australian Electoral Commission|access-date=25 January 2020}}</ref> |
| fedgov = [[division of Lingiari|Lingiari]]<ref name=AEC>{{cite web|title=Federal electoral division of Lingiari|url=https://www.aec.gov.au/profiles/nt/lingiari.html|publisher=Australian Electoral Commission|access-date=25 January 2020}}</ref> |
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| maxtemp = 34.3 |
| maxtemp = 34.3 |
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| rainfall_footnotes = <ref name="climate"/> |
| rainfall_footnotes = <ref name="climate"/> |
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| near-n = [[Daguragu, Northern Territory|Daguragu]]<br/>[[Gurindji, Northern Territory|Gurindji]] |
| near-n = [[Daguragu, Northern Territory|Daguragu]]<br/>[[Gurindji, Northern Territory|Gurindji]] |
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| near-ne = [[Gurindji, Northern Territory|Gurindji]] |
| near-ne = [[Gurindji, Northern Territory|Gurindji]] |
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| near-e = [[Gurindji, Northern Territory|Gurindji]] |
| near-e = [[Gurindji, Northern Territory|Gurindji]] |
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| near-se = [[Gurindji, Northern Territory|Gurindji]] |
| near-se = [[Gurindji, Northern Territory|Gurindji]] |
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| near-s = [[Gurindji, Northern Territory|Gurindji]] |
| near-s = [[Gurindji, Northern Territory|Gurindji]] |
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| near-sw = [[Gurindji, Northern Territory|Gurindji]] |
| near-sw = [[Gurindji, Northern Territory|Gurindji]] |
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| near-w = [[Daguragu, Northern Territory|Daguragu]]<br/>[[Gurindji, Northern Territory|Gurindji]] |
| near-w = [[Daguragu, Northern Territory|Daguragu]]<br/>[[Gurindji, Northern Territory|Gurindji]] |
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| near-nw = [[Daguragu, Northern Territory|Daguragu]] |
| near-nw = [[Daguragu, Northern Territory|Daguragu]] |
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| footnotes = Locations<ref name=postcode/><br/>Adjoining localities<ref name="survey">{{cite web |title= Communities of Kalkarindji & Daguragu (CP5158) |url= http://www.ntlis.nt.gov.au/hpa-services/surveyplans?planname=CP/5158 |publisher=Northern Territory Government |access-date=25 January 2020|date=2 April 2007}}</ref><ref name="VDS-map">{{cite web |
| footnotes = Locations<ref name=postcode/><br/>Adjoining localities<ref name="survey">{{cite web |title= Communities of Kalkarindji & Daguragu (CP5158) |url= http://www.ntlis.nt.gov.au/hpa-services/surveyplans?planname=CP/5158 |publisher=Northern Territory Government |access-date=25 January 2020|date=2 April 2007}}</ref><ref name="VDS-map">{{cite web|title=Localities within Victoria-Daly Shire (sic) (map)|url=https://placenames.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/404785/Victoria-daly_A3map_000.pdf|publisher=Northern Territory Government|access-date=25 January 2020|date=2 April 2007|archive-date=18 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318101600/https://placenames.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/404785/Victoria-daly_A3map_000.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Kalkarindji''' (formerly '''Wave Hill''', also spelt ''' |
'''Kalkarindji''' (formerly '''Wave Hill Welfare Settlement''', also spelt '''Kalkaringi''') is a town and locality in the [[Northern Territory]] of Australia, located on the [[Buntine Highway]] about {{convert|554|km}} south of the territory capital of [[Darwin City, Northern Territory|Darwin]] and located about {{convert|460|km}} south of the municipal seat in [[Katherine, Northern Territory|Katherine]]. |
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==History== |
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Kalkarindji and the nearby settlement of [[Daguragu]] are the population centres of the land formerly held under the [[Wave Hill Station|Wave Hill Cattle Station]]. In 1966, the |
Kalkarindji and the nearby settlement of [[Daguragu, Northern Territory|Daguragu]] are the population centres of the land formerly held under the [[Wave Hill Station|Wave Hill Cattle Station]]. In 1966, the [[Aboriginal Australian|Aboriginal]] station workers, led by [[Vincent Lingiari]], staged the [[Gurindji strike]], also known as the Wave Hill Walk Off, in protest against oppressive labour practices and land dispossession. A portion of land was returned to the [[Gurindji people]] in by UK-based station owners, the [[Vestey Group]], after negotiations by the [[Whitlam government]] in 1975. |
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Kalkarindji reportedly began in 1972 as the "Wave Hill Aboriginal Township".<ref name="NT-Placenames"/> On 5 October 1976, land was associated with existing settlement was proclaimed under the Northern Territory’s Crown Lands Ordinance as a town named "Kalkaringi".<ref name=town/> In 1985, the spelling of the town’s name was changed to "Kalkarindji" after a review of the original spelling by tribal elders.<ref name="NT-Placenames"/> |
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⚫ | |||
As of 2006, Daguragu Community Government Council provided "municipal and other services to the township and surrounds of Kalkaringi (formerly known as Wave Hill) and to Daguragu, a community settled on land under the ''[[Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976]]''". The total council area was about {{convert|3,237|km2}}.<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060831035038/http://www.daguragu.nt.gov.au/home/home| archive-date=31 August 2006|url=http://www.daguragu.nt.gov.au/home/home|website=Daguragu Community Government Council|title=Home}}</ref> Kalkaringi was within a gazetted township area, with the land being leasehold under the auspices of the [[Northern Territory Government]].<ref name=about>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060831035113/http://www.daguragu.nt.gov.au/home/about_us| archive-date=31 August 2006|url=http://www.daguragu.nt.gov.au/home/about_us|website=Daguragu Community Government Council|title=About us}}</ref> |
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The existing boundaries and name were gazetted by the Northern Territory Government under the ''Place Names Act'' on 4 April 2007.<ref name="NT-Placenames"/><ref name="NTGG-2007">{{cite web |last1=Lawrie |first1=D.P. |title=Place Names Act, NOTICE OF NAMING OF PLACES |url=https://www.territorystories.nt.gov.au/jspui/bitstream/10070/225844/1/EJ_NTGG_2007_G14.pdf |website=The Northern Territory Government Gazette |publisher=Northern Territory Government |accessdate=23 March 2020 |page=9 |date=4 April 2007}}</ref> |
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==Heritage sites== |
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The Wave Hill walk-off route was listed on the [[Northern Territory Heritage Register]] on 23 August 2006 and on the [[Australian National Heritage List]] on 9 August 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title= Gurindji Wave Hill Walk Off Route |url= http://www.ntlis.nt.gov.au/heritageregister/f?p=103:302:::NO::P302_SITE_ID:79 |website=Heritage Register |publisher=Northern Territory Government |access-date=6 September 2020 |date= 23 August 2006 }}</ref><ref name="NHL">{{cite AHD|105897|Wave Hill Walk Off Route, Buchanan Hwy (sic), Kalkarindji, NT, Australia - listing on the National Heritage List |date=9 August 2007|access-date=6 September 2020}}</ref> There are also seven other associated sites on the National Heritage List, of which five are in the Kalkaringi area and two within Daguragu.<ref>{{cite web | title=Search Results [Wave Hill]| website=Australian Government. [[Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment]] | url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl | access-date=6 September 2020}} </ref> |
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==Freedom Day== |
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The [[Wave Hill walk-off#Freedom Day|Freedom Day Festival]] celebrates the [[Wave Hill walk-off]] and Gurindji culture each year in Kalkarindji.<ref>{{cite web | title=Gurindji History | website=Gurindji Festival | date=21 August 2022 | url=https://www.freedomday.com.au/gurindji-history | access-date=3 September 2022}}</ref> |
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==Demographics== |
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The [[2016 Australian census]] which was conducted in August 2016 reports that Kalkarindji had 334 people living within its boundaries of which 285 (84.8%) identified as "[[Indigenous Australians|Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander peoples]]".<ref name= "Census2016"/> |
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==Geography and flooding== |
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Kalkarindji is located on the [[Buntine Highway]], about {{convert|554|km}} south of Darwin<ref name=VDR/> and about {{convert|480|km}} south-west of the municipal seat in [[Katherine, Northern Territory|Katherine]].<ref name=wrm>{{cite web | title=Kalkarindji and Daguragu floodplain mapping study | website=WRM Water & Environment | url=https://wrmwater.com.au/kalkarindji-and-daguragu-floodplain-mapping-study/ | access-date=9 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="NT-Placenames"/> |
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Kalkarindji is located on the left [[floodplain]] of the [[Victoria River (Northern Territory)|Victoria River]], making it prone to flooding when extreme weather events occur. In February 2001, ex-tropical cyclones [[Cyclone Winsome|Winsome]] and [[Cyclone Wylva|Wylva]] caused major flooding, and many properties and roads in Kalkarindji were inundated.<ref name=wrm/> |
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===2023 flooding=== |
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In late February to early March 2023, heavy rains fell over the area, with Kalkarindji recording {{cvt| 134| mm}} of rain in the 24 hours to 1 March. The upper Victoria River exceeded major flood levels, standing at {{cvt|16.99|m}}; the major flood stage is {{cvt|14|m}}. Evacuations were ordered for residents of Daguragu, Kalkarindji, [[Pigeon Hole, Northern Territory|Pigeon Hole]], and [[Palumpa]].<ref>{{cite web | last=Davies | first=Richard | title=Australia – hundreds evacuate floods in Northern Territory| website=FloodList | date=9 March 2023 | url=https://floodlist.com/australia/australia-floods-northern-territory-march-2023 | access-date=9 March 2023}}</ref> An emergency was declared for district.<ref>{{cite web | title=Top End deluge continues as hundreds are forced out of homes | website=9News | date=2 March 2023 | url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/northern-territory-floods-top-end-deluge-continues-as-hundreds-are-forced-out-of-homes/231d8bff-d74b-4370-bcdb-58764ac53cf1 | access-date=9 March 2023}}</ref> First, Daguaragu and Pigeon Hole were fully evacuated to Kalkarindji, whence two aeroplanes of the [[Australian Defence Force]] carried evacuees out of Kalkarindji to Katherine. They then travelled by bus to Darwin, to be accommodated at the Centre of National Resilience in [[Howard Springs, Northern Territory|Howard Springs]].<ref>{{cite web | title=UPDATE: Evacuations – Daguragu, Pigeon Hole and Kalkarindji | website=NT Police, Fire & Emergency Services | date=2 March 2023 | url=https://www.pfes.nt.gov.au/newsroom/2023/update-evacuations-daguragu-pigeon-hole-and-kalkarindji | access-date=9 March 2023}}</ref> On 7 March it was reported that it could be a month or longer before residents of some communities would be able to return home, as many houses and infrastructure had been so severely damaged by the floodwaters; however, only about half of homes in Kalkarindji had been affected.<ref>{{cite web | title=Month-long wait expected for some residents evacuated from flood-affected NT remote communities | website=ABC News| date=7 March 2023 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-03-07/nt-flooding-remote-communities-residents-return-four-weeks/102061988 | access-date=9 March 2023}}</ref> Around 700 people had been evacuated, while 80 to 100 dogs had been left behind. Contractors later delivered food to the dogs.<ref>{{cite web | last=Tolhurst | first=Isabella | title=Dog food flown in for animals left behind in flood-hit NT communities| website=ABC News| date=9 March 2023 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-03-09/nt-one-tonne-dog-food-for-flooded-remote-community/102070990 | access-date=9 March 2023}}</ref> |
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Precious artworks and historical artefacts, kept in the art centre, were saved from flood damage by moving them to safe storage.<ref>{{cite web | last=Bardon | first=Jane | title=Fast work during flood saves artefacts at Kalkarindji art centre, marking birth of Aboriginal land rights movement | website=ABC News | date=4 March 2023 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-03-04/kalkarindji-art-centre-saves-artefacts-from-flooding-nt/102046714 | access-date=9 March 2023}}</ref> |
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==Governance== |
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⚫ | Kalkarindji a town and locality in the [[Northern Territory]], located within the federal [[division of Lingiari]], the territory electoral division of [[Electoral division of Stuart|Stuart]] and the local government area of the [[Victoria Daly Region]].<ref name=AEC/><ref name= NTEC/><ref name="NT-Placenames"/> The council office for the [[council ward|ward]] of Kalkarindji/Daguragu is located in Kalkarindji, and is also the service centre for Daguragu, which is {{convert|8|km}} north-west of Kalkarindji, adjacent to Wattie Creek.<ref name=VDR/> |
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The Gurindji Aboriginal Corporation is a [[Registered Native Title Body Corporate]] (RNTBC) owned by the communities of Kalkaringi and Daguragu, a total of about 700 people of mainly Gurindji, [[Mudburra]] and [[Warlpiri people|Warlpiri]] heritage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indigenous.gov.au/news-and-media/stories/supporting-protecting-kalkaringi-daguragu|website=indigenous.gov.au|title=Supporting and protecting Kalkaringi and Daguragu communities|date=28 May 2020|access-date=8 August 2020}}</ref> It oversees a number of community-owned enterprises, such as the Kalkaringi Store and Caravan Park.<ref name=gac>{{cite web | title=What we do | website=Gurindji Aboriginal Corporation | url=https://www.gurindjicorp.com.au/what-we-do | access-date=8 August 2020}}</ref> |
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Daguragu community is situated on Aboriginal land held under perpetual title.<ref name=about/> |
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===2020 native title=== |
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{{further|Wave Hill walk-off}} |
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A [[native title in Australia|native title]] claim was lodged in 2016 by the [[Central Land Council]] on behalf of the [[traditional owner]]s, as there were mining interests in area covered by [[Wave Hill Station]]'s pastoral lease.<ref name=nitvnt/> On 8 September 2020, the [[Federal Court of Australia]] recognised the native title rights of the Gurindji people to {{convert|5000|km2}} of the Wave Hill Station, allowing them to receive royalties as compensation from resource companies who explore the area. Justice [[Richard Conway White|Richard White]] said that the determination recognised Indigenous involvement (Jamangku, Japuwuny, Parlakuna-Parkinykarni and Yilyilyimawu peoples) with the land "at least since European settlement and probably for millennia".<ref name=nitvnt/><ref name=abcnt>{{cite web | title=Wave Hill walk-off veterans recognised in 'particularly special' native title determination |first=Jane|last=Bardon | website=ABC News|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation | date=9 September 2020 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-09-09/native-title-recognised-at-wave-hill-walk-off-site/12643598 | access-date=10 September 2020}}</ref> The court sitting took place nearly {{convert|800|km}} south of Darwin, and descendants of Lingiari and others involved in the walk-off celebrated the determination.<ref name=nitvnt>{{cite web | last=Wellington | first=Shahni | title=Native Title rights recognised over famous Wave Hill Station | website=NITV |publisher=[[Special Broadcasting Service]]| date=9 September 2020 | url=https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/2020/09/09/native-title-rights-recognised-over-famous-wave-hill-station | access-date=10 September 2020}}</ref> The owners will participate in the mining negotiations and exploration work, from which royalties may flow in the future, which may allow people in the Kalkarindji and Daguragu communities to create their own businesses. Just as important is the right to hunt, gather, teach and perform cultural activities and [[Aboriginal Australian ceremony|ceremonies]], and allow the young people to connect with their land.<ref name=nitvnt/> |
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==Meat dump dispute== |
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There have been several legal disputes between the owners of Kalkarindji Meats, Windbox Pty Ltd, and the Gurindji Aboriginal Corporation as well as the [[Central Land Council]] over various matters. In February 2019 it was discovered that there had been pits dug for dumping meat waste within the native title area of Kalkarindji and very near to the heritage-listed Wave Hill track. This continued on and off until September 2020, when both the [[Northern Territory Government|Northern Territory]] and [[Commonwealth government]]s started an investigation into the matter.<ref>{{cite web | title=Kalkarindji meatworks leaves rotting meat near Wave Hill Walk Off track, upsetting family of Vincent Lingiari|first=Jack|last=Price | website=ABC News|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation | date=3 September 2020 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-09-04/rotting-meat-left-next-to-heritage-wave-hill-walk-off-site/12624284 | access-date=6 September 2020}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Kalkurung Airport]] |
* [[Kalkurung Airport]] |
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* [[Gurindji Strike]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==Further reading== |
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*{{cite web | last=Ward | first=Charlie | title=An historic handful of dirt: Whitlam and the legacy of the Wave Hill Walk-Off | website=The Conversation | date=20 August 2016 | url=http://theconversation.com/an-historic-handful-of-dirt-whitlam-and-the-legacy-of-the-wave-hill-walk-off-63700}} Article by the author of the 2017 book ''A Handful of Sand: The Gurindji Struggle, After the Walk-off''. |
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==External links== |
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**{{cite journal|url=http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/n4117/pdf/book_review15.pdf|title=A Handful of Sand: The Gurindji Struggle, After the Walk-offby Charlie Ward... Book Review|first=Rolf |last=Gerritsen|journal=[[Aboriginal History]] |volume= 41|date= 2017|pages=233–234|publisher=ANU Press}} |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060721103612/http://www.daguragu.nt.gov.au/ Daguragu Community Government Council website] |
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{{Localities and communities of the Victoria Daly Region|state=collapsed}} |
{{Localities and communities of the Victoria Daly Region|state=collapsed}} |
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{{authority control}} |
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[[Category:Towns in the Northern Territory]] |
[[Category:Towns in the Northern Territory]] |
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[[Category:Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory]] |
[[Category:Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory]] |
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[[Category:Victoria Daly Region]] |
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{{NorthernTerritory-geo-stub}} |
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{{hist-stub}} |
Latest revision as of 00:35, 30 April 2024
Kalkarindji Northern Territory | |||||||||||||||
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![]() Map showing location of Kalkarindji in red on white. | |||||||||||||||
Coordinates | 17°26′54″S 130°49′59″E / 17.4484°S 130.833°E[1] | ||||||||||||||
Population | 334 (2016 census)[2] | ||||||||||||||
• Density | 56/km2 (144/sq mi) | ||||||||||||||
Established | 1972 (community) 5 October 1976 (town) 4 April 2007 (locality)[1][3] | ||||||||||||||
Postcode(s) | 0852[4] | ||||||||||||||
Elevation | 196 m (643 ft)weather station[5] | ||||||||||||||
Area | 6 km2 (2.3 sq mi)[6] | ||||||||||||||
Time zone | ACST (UTC+9:30) | ||||||||||||||
Standort | |||||||||||||||
LGA(s) | Victoria Daly Region[1] | ||||||||||||||
Territory electorate(s) | Gwoja[8] | ||||||||||||||
Federal division(s) | Lingiari[9] | ||||||||||||||
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Footnotes | Locations[4] Adjoining localities[10][11] |
Kalkarindji (formerly Wave Hill Welfare Settlement, also spelt Kalkaringi) is a town and locality in the Northern Territory of Australia, located on the Buntine Highway about 554 kilometres (344 mi) south of the territory capital of Darwin and located about 460 kilometres (290 mi) south of the municipal seat in Katherine.
History
[edit]Kalkarindji and the nearby settlement of Daguragu are the population centres of the land formerly held under the Wave Hill Cattle Station. In 1966, the Aboriginal station workers, led by Vincent Lingiari, staged the Gurindji strike, also known as the Wave Hill Walk Off, in protest against oppressive labour practices and land dispossession. A portion of land was returned to the Gurindji people in by UK-based station owners, the Vestey Group, after negotiations by the Whitlam government in 1975.
Kalkarindji reportedly began in 1972 as the "Wave Hill Aboriginal Township".[1] On 5 October 1976, land was associated with existing settlement was proclaimed under the Northern Territory’s Crown Lands Ordinance as a town named "Kalkaringi".[3] In 1985, the spelling of the town’s name was changed to "Kalkarindji" after a review of the original spelling by tribal elders.[1]
As of 2006, Daguragu Community Government Council provided "municipal and other services to the township and surrounds of Kalkaringi (formerly known as Wave Hill) and to Daguragu, a community settled on land under the Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976". The total council area was about 3,237 square kilometres (1,250 sq mi).[12] Kalkaringi was within a gazetted township area, with the land being leasehold under the auspices of the Northern Territory Government.[13]
The existing boundaries and name were gazetted by the Northern Territory Government under the Place Names Act on 4 April 2007.[1][14]
Heritage sites
[edit]The Wave Hill walk-off route was listed on the Northern Territory Heritage Register on 23 August 2006 and on the Australian National Heritage List on 9 August 2007.[15][16] There are also seven other associated sites on the National Heritage List, of which five are in the Kalkaringi area and two within Daguragu.[17]
Freedom Day
[edit]The Freedom Day Festival celebrates the Wave Hill walk-off and Gurindji culture each year in Kalkarindji.[18]
Demographics
[edit]The 2016 Australian census which was conducted in August 2016 reports that Kalkarindji had 334 people living within its boundaries of which 285 (84.8%) identified as "Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander peoples".[2]
Geography and flooding
[edit]Kalkarindji is located on the Buntine Highway, about 554 kilometres (344 mi) south of Darwin[7] and about 480 kilometres (300 mi) south-west of the municipal seat in Katherine.[19][1]
Kalkarindji is located on the left floodplain of the Victoria River, making it prone to flooding when extreme weather events occur. In February 2001, ex-tropical cyclones Winsome and Wylva caused major flooding, and many properties and roads in Kalkarindji were inundated.[19]
2023 flooding
[edit]In late February to early March 2023, heavy rains fell over the area, with Kalkarindji recording 134 mm (5.3 in) of rain in the 24 hours to 1 March. The upper Victoria River exceeded major flood levels, standing at 16.99 m (55.7 ft); the major flood stage is 14 m (46 ft). Evacuations were ordered for residents of Daguragu, Kalkarindji, Pigeon Hole, and Palumpa.[20] An emergency was declared for district.[21] First, Daguaragu and Pigeon Hole were fully evacuated to Kalkarindji, whence two aeroplanes of the Australian Defence Force carried evacuees out of Kalkarindji to Katherine. They then travelled by bus to Darwin, to be accommodated at the Centre of National Resilience in Howard Springs.[22] On 7 March it was reported that it could be a month or longer before residents of some communities would be able to return home, as many houses and infrastructure had been so severely damaged by the floodwaters; however, only about half of homes in Kalkarindji had been affected.[23] Around 700 people had been evacuated, while 80 to 100 dogs had been left behind. Contractors later delivered food to the dogs.[24]
Precious artworks and historical artefacts, kept in the art centre, were saved from flood damage by moving them to safe storage.[25]
Governance
[edit]Kalkarindji a town and locality in the Northern Territory, located within the federal division of Lingiari, the territory electoral division of Stuart and the local government area of the Victoria Daly Region.[9][8][1] The council office for the ward of Kalkarindji/Daguragu is located in Kalkarindji, and is also the service centre for Daguragu, which is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) north-west of Kalkarindji, adjacent to Wattie Creek.[7]
The Gurindji Aboriginal Corporation is a Registered Native Title Body Corporate (RNTBC) owned by the communities of Kalkaringi and Daguragu, a total of about 700 people of mainly Gurindji, Mudburra and Warlpiri heritage.[26] It oversees a number of community-owned enterprises, such as the Kalkaringi Store and Caravan Park.[27]
Daguragu community is situated on Aboriginal land held under perpetual title.[13]
2020 native title
[edit]A native title claim was lodged in 2016 by the Central Land Council on behalf of the traditional owners, as there were mining interests in area covered by Wave Hill Station's pastoral lease.[28] On 8 September 2020, the Federal Court of Australia recognised the native title rights of the Gurindji people to 5,000 square kilometres (1,900 sq mi) of the Wave Hill Station, allowing them to receive royalties as compensation from resource companies who explore the area. Justice Richard White said that the determination recognised Indigenous involvement (Jamangku, Japuwuny, Parlakuna-Parkinykarni and Yilyilyimawu peoples) with the land "at least since European settlement and probably for millennia".[28][29] The court sitting took place nearly 800 kilometres (500 mi) south of Darwin, and descendants of Lingiari and others involved in the walk-off celebrated the determination.[28] The owners will participate in the mining negotiations and exploration work, from which royalties may flow in the future, which may allow people in the Kalkarindji and Daguragu communities to create their own businesses. Just as important is the right to hunt, gather, teach and perform cultural activities and ceremonies, and allow the young people to connect with their land.[28]
Meat dump dispute
[edit]There have been several legal disputes between the owners of Kalkarindji Meats, Windbox Pty Ltd, and the Gurindji Aboriginal Corporation as well as the Central Land Council over various matters. In February 2019 it was discovered that there had been pits dug for dumping meat waste within the native title area of Kalkarindji and very near to the heritage-listed Wave Hill track. This continued on and off until September 2020, when both the Northern Territory and Commonwealth governments started an investigation into the matter.[30]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h "Place Names Register Extract for Kalkarindji (locality)". NT Place Names Register. Northern Territory Government. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
- ^ a b Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Kalkarindji (State Suburb)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
- ^ a b Adermann, Evan (5 October 1976). "THE NORTHERN TERRITORY OF AUSTRALIA Crown Lands Ordinance PROCLAMATION". Australian Government Gazette. p. 2. Retrieved 23 March 2020 – via Trove.
- ^ a b c "Kalkarindji Postcode". postcode-finders.com.au. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
- ^ a b c d "Summary statistics Wave Hill (nearest weather station with current data)". Bureau of Meteorology, Australian government. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
Wave Hill refers to Wave Hill Station which is 26 kilometres (16 mi) away from Kalkarindji.
- ^ "Kalkarindji". Australia's Guide Pty Ltd. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
- ^ a b c "OUR COMMUNITIES: Kalkarindji / Daguragu". Victoria Daly Region. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
- ^ a b "Division of Stuart". Northern Territory Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
- ^ a b "Federal electoral division of Lingiari". Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
- ^ "Communities of Kalkarindji & Daguragu (CP5158)". Northern Territory Government. 2 April 2007. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
- ^ "Localities within Victoria-Daly Shire (sic) (map)" (PDF). Northern Territory Government. 2 April 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
- ^ "Home". Daguragu Community Government Council. Archived from the original on 31 August 2006.
- ^ a b "About us". Daguragu Community Government Council. Archived from the original on 31 August 2006.
- ^ Lawrie, D.P. (4 April 2007). "Place Names Act, NOTICE OF NAMING OF PLACES" (PDF). The Northern Territory Government Gazette. Northern Territory Government. p. 9. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
- ^ "Gurindji Wave Hill Walk Off Route". Heritage Register. Northern Territory Government. 23 August 2006. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
- ^ "Wave Hill Walk Off Route, Buchanan Hwy (sic), Kalkarindji, NT, Australia - listing on the National Heritage List (Place ID 105897)". Australian Heritage Database. Australian Government. 9 August 2007. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
- ^ "Search Results [Wave Hill]". Australian Government. Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
- ^ "Gurindji History". Gurindji Festival. 21 August 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
- ^ a b "Kalkarindji and Daguragu floodplain mapping study". WRM Water & Environment. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
- ^ Davies, Richard (9 March 2023). "Australia – hundreds evacuate floods in Northern Territory". FloodList. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
- ^ "Top End deluge continues as hundreds are forced out of homes". 9News. 2 March 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
- ^ "UPDATE: Evacuations – Daguragu, Pigeon Hole and Kalkarindji". NT Police, Fire & Emergency Services. 2 March 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
- ^ "Month-long wait expected for some residents evacuated from flood-affected NT remote communities". ABC News. 7 March 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
- ^ Tolhurst, Isabella (9 March 2023). "Dog food flown in for animals left behind in flood-hit NT communities". ABC News. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
- ^ Bardon, Jane (4 March 2023). "Fast work during flood saves artefacts at Kalkarindji art centre, marking birth of Aboriginal land rights movement". ABC News. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
- ^ "Supporting and protecting Kalkaringi and Daguragu communities". indigenous.gov.au. 28 May 2020. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
- ^ "What we do". Gurindji Aboriginal Corporation. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
- ^ a b c d Wellington, Shahni (9 September 2020). "Native Title rights recognised over famous Wave Hill Station". NITV. Special Broadcasting Service. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
- ^ Bardon, Jane (9 September 2020). "Wave Hill walk-off veterans recognised in 'particularly special' native title determination". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
- ^ Price, Jack (3 September 2020). "Kalkarindji meatworks leaves rotting meat near Wave Hill Walk Off track, upsetting family of Vincent Lingiari". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
Further reading
[edit]- Ward, Charlie (20 August 2016). "An historic handful of dirt: Whitlam and the legacy of the Wave Hill Walk-Off". The Conversation. Article by the author of the 2017 book A Handful of Sand: The Gurindji Struggle, After the Walk-off.
- Gerritsen, Rolf (2017). "A Handful of Sand: The Gurindji Struggle, After the Walk-offby Charlie Ward... Book Review" (PDF). Aboriginal History. 41. ANU Press: 233–234.