Boris Shcherbina: Difference between revisions

Boris Shcherbina
Boris Shcherbina
Борис Щербина
	Shcherbina in 1985
Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers
	In office; 13 January 1984 – 7 June 1989
Chairman	Nikolai Tikhonov; Nikolai Ryzhkov;
Minister of Construction of the Oil and Gas Industries
	In office; 11 December 1973 – 13 January 1984
Chairman	Alexei Kosygin; Nikolai Tikhonov;
Preceded by	Aleksei K. Kortunov [ru]
Succeeded by	Vladimir Chirskov
Personal details
Born	5 October 1919; Debaltsevo, Donets Governorate, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union; (now Debaltseve, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine)
Died	22 August 1990 (aged 70); Moscow, Soviet Union
Resting place	Novodevichy Cemetery
Political party	Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1939–1990)
Spouse	Raisa Pavlovna Shcherbina
Children	Yuri Borisovich Shcherbina
Occupation	Railway engineer
Known for	Crisis management of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster and 1988 Armenian earthquake; Chairman of the Chernobyl Commission
Awards	Hero of Socialist Labor
Military service
Allegiance	Soviet Union
Service years	1939–1942
Conflict	The Winter War [clarification needed]

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Boris Yevdokimovich Shcherbina (Russian: Борис Евдокимович Щербина; Ukrainian: Борис Євдокимович Щербина, romanized: Borys Yevdokymovych Shcherbyna; 5 October 1919 – 22 August 1990) was a Ukrainian Soviet politician who served as a Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union from 1984 to 1989. During this period he supervised Soviet crisis management of two major catastrophes: the 1986 Chernobyl disaster and the 1988 Armenian earthquake.^[1]^[2]

Leben

Shcherbina was born in Debaltsevo, Ukrainian SSR (now Debaltseve in Donetsk Oblast, eastern Ukraine) on October 5, 1919 to the family of a Ukrainian^[3] railroad worker.^[4] He joined the CPSU in 1939 and volunteered for army service during the Winter War with Finland.^[5] He was married to Raisa Pavlovna and the two had one son, Yuri Borisovich.

Shcherbina is credited with co-founding the oil and gas industry in Western Siberia while serving as the CPSU first secretary in Tyumen Oblast and later as the Minister of Construction of Oil and Gas Industries (1973–1984).^[6] In 1976, Shcherbina had become a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and kept the position until his death.^{[citation needed]}

In 1984, he became a Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers and as such was in charge of dealing with the Chernobyl disaster outcome in 1986. Shcherbina played a crucial role in the extensive cleanup and damage control from the Chernobyl disaster, alongside scientists such as Valery Legasov.

Shcherbina served in a similar role after the catastrophic 1988 Armenian earthquake.^[7] He proposed inviting international rescuers – from Austria and Czechoslovakia – who had thermal imagers and specially trained dogs at their disposal to search for living people.^{[citation needed]}

In 1990, he opposed the election of Boris Yeltsin to the chairmanship of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, describing him as "a man of low moral qualities", whose election would "pave the way for the darkest period in our country's history".^[8]

Death

Shcherbina died in Moscow in 1990, aged 70.^[1]^[2] It is speculated that his death resulted from a radiation-induced cancer caused by his work at the Chernobyl disaster site. Officially, however, it is unknown whether his death was related to radiation, as a 1988 decree that he drafted prevented Soviet doctors from citing radiation as a cause of death or illness.^[9]^[10]

Honors and awards

In his position of Minister of Oil and Gas, he was awarded the honorific title of Hero of Socialist Labour for major contributions to the development of the country's oil and gas industry, which was the highest award for achievements within the national economy. During his life, he was also awarded four Orders of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution and two Orders of the Red Banner of Labour.^[11]

In Gyumri, Armenia, a street was named after him in his honour. On 10 November 2004, a bust of Shcherbina was erected in Nikolai Nemtsov Square in Tyumen, Tyumen Oblast.^[11]

In popular culture

Shcherbina is portrayed by Vernon Dobtcheff in the BBC docudrama Surviving Disaster (2006) and by Stellan Skarsgård in the Sky/HBO miniseries Chernobyl (2019).

References

^ ^a ^b Hewitt, Ed A.; Winston, Victor H. (1 December 2010). Milestones in Glasnost and Perestroyka: Politics and People. Brookings Institution Press. pp. 20–. ISBN 978-0-8157-1914-4.
^ ^a ^b Plokhy, Serhii (15 May 2018). Chernobyl: The History of a Nuclear Catastrophe. Basic Books. pp. 299–. ISBN 978-1-5416-1708-7.
^ Burke, Patrick (1988). The Nuclear Weapons World: Who, how & where. Greenwood Press. p. 163. ISBN 0313265909.
^ "Shcherbina, Boris Evdokimovich". The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979).
^ "Boris Ščerbina: Profil muže, který řešil katastrofu v Černobylu".
^ Högselius, Per (2013). Red gas : Russia and the origins of European energy dependence. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-28614-7. OCLC 920335307.
^ Schmid, Sonja D. (6 February 2015). Producing Power: The Pre-Chernobyl History of the Soviet Nuclear Industry. MIT Press. pp. 133–. ISBN 978-0-262-02827-1.
^ Samuel Spencer (26 June 2019). "Chernobyl: What happened to Boris Shcherbina in real life?". Daily Express. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
^ "Boris Shcherbina". Yahoo UK. 29 April 2019. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 11 June 2019. He died in 1990 at age 70, and it's not clear if he died of radiation or not, given that he ordered the construction of a new town in the highly contaminated area. In a secret 1988 decree that he helped form, Soviet doctors could not cite radiation as a cause of death or illness.
^ Dobbs, Michael (26 April 1991). "CHERNOBYL SYMBOL OF SOVIET FAILURE". washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
^ ^a ^b "Щербина Борис Евдокимович". Archived from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 9 June 2019.

[HewettWinston2010-1] Hewitt, Ed A.; Winston, Victor H. (1 December 2010). Milestones in Glasnost and Perestroyka: Politics and People. Brookings Institution Press. pp. 20–. ISBN 978-0-8157-1914-4.

[Plokhy2018-2] Plokhy, Serhii (15 May 2018). Chernobyl: The History of a Nuclear Catastrophe. Basic Books. pp. 299–. ISBN 978-1-5416-1708-7.

[3] Burke, Patrick (1988). The Nuclear Weapons World: Who, how & where. Greenwood Press. p. 163. ISBN 0313265909.

[4] "Shcherbina, Boris Evdokimovich". The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979).

[5] "Boris Ščerbina: Profil muže, který řešil katastrofu v Černobylu".

[6] Högselius, Per (2013). Red gas : Russia and the origins of European energy dependence. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-28614-7. OCLC 920335307.

[Schmid2015-7] Schmid, Sonja D. (6 February 2015). Producing Power: The Pre-Chernobyl History of the Soviet Nuclear Industry. MIT Press. pp. 133–. ISBN 978-0-262-02827-1.

[8] Samuel Spencer (26 June 2019). "Chernobyl: What happened to Boris Shcherbina in real life?". Daily Express. Retrieved 13 August 2022.

[9] "Boris Shcherbina". Yahoo UK. 29 April 2019. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 11 June 2019. He died in 1990 at age 70, and it's not clear if he died of radiation or not, given that he ordered the construction of a new town in the highly contaminated area. In a secret 1988 decree that he helped form, Soviet doctors could not cite radiation as a cause of death or illness.

[wpost-1991-10] Dobbs, Michael (26 April 1991). "CHERNOBYL SYMBOL OF SOVIET FAILURE". washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 15 April 2020.

[:0-11] "Щербина Борис Евдокимович". Archived from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 9 June 2019.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Short description|Soviet and Ukrainian politician (1919-90)}}
+{{Short description|Soviet Ukrainian politician (1919–1990)}}
-{{Expand Russian|date=May 2019}}
+{{Expand Russian|date=May 2019|topic=bio}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
 {{Infobox officeholder
@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 | successor2          = [[Vladimir Chirskov]]
 | birth_date          = {{birth date|1919|10|05|df=y}}
-| birth_place         = [[Debaltseve|Debaltsevo]], [[Ukrainian SSR]] (now Debaltseve, [[Donetsk]], [[Ukraine]]
+| birth_place         = Debaltsevo, [[Donets Governorate]], [[Ukrainian SSR]], [[Soviet Union]]<br/>(now [[Debaltseve]], [[Donetsk Oblast]], [[Ukraine]])
 | death_date          = {{death date and age|1990|08|22|1919|10|05|df=y}}
-| death_place         = [[Moscow]], [[Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]]
+| death_place         = [[Moscow]], Soviet Union
 | resting_place       = [[Novodevichy Cemetery]]
 | party               = [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] (1939–1990)
@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 | serviceyears        = 1939–1942
 | battles_label       = Conflict
-| battles             = [[Russo-Finnish War]]
+| battles             = [[The Winter War]] {{elaborate|date=July 2023}} <!-- The Winter War ended in 1940. Where else did he serve. -->
 | spouse              = Raisa Pavlovna Shcherbina
 | children            = Yuri Borisovich Shcherbina
+| native_name_lang    = ru
+| native_name         = {{nobold|Борис Щербина}}
 }}
+{{Chernobyl}}
-'''Boris Yevdokimovich Shcherbina''' ({{lang-uk|Борис Євдокимович Щербина|Borys Yevdokymovych Shcherbyna}}, {{lang-ru|Борис Евдокимович Щербина}}; 5 October 1919&nbsp;– 22 August 1990) was a Ukrainian Soviet politician who served as a Deputy Chairman of the [[Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union]] from 1984 to 1989. During this period he supervised Soviet crisis management of two major catastrophes: the [[1986 Chernobyl disaster]] and the [[1988 Armenian earthquake]].<ref name="HewettWinston2010">{{cite book|author1=Hewitt, Ed A. |author2=Winston, Victor H. |title=Milestones in Glasnost and Perestroyka: Politics and People|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pYiwh0s9kIoC&pg=PA20|date=1 December 2010|publisher=[[Brookings Institution Press]]|isbn=978-0-8157-1914-4|pages=20–}}</ref><ref name="Plokhy2018">{{cite book|author=Plokhy, Serhii |title=Chernobyl: The History of a Nuclear Catastrophe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7gQ0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT299|date=15 May 2018|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-1-5416-1708-7|pages=299–}}</ref>
+'''Boris Yevdokimovich Shcherbina''' ({{lang-ru|Борис Евдокимович Щербина}}; {{lang-uk|Борис Євдокимович Щербина|Borys Yevdokymovych Shcherbyna}}; 5 October 1919 – 22 August 1990) was a Ukrainian Soviet politician who served as a Deputy Chairman of the [[Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union]] from 1984 to 1989. During this period he supervised Soviet crisis management of two major catastrophes: the [[1986 Chernobyl disaster]] and the [[1988 Armenian earthquake]].<ref name="HewettWinston2010">{{cite book|author1=Hewitt, Ed A. |author2=Winston, Victor H. |title=Milestones in Glasnost and Perestroyka: Politics and People|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pYiwh0s9kIoC&pg=PA20|date=1 December 2010|publisher=[[Brookings Institution Press]]|isbn=978-0-8157-1914-4|pages=20–}}</ref><ref name="Plokhy2018">{{cite book|author=Plokhy, Serhii |title=Chernobyl: The History of a Nuclear Catastrophe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7gQ0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT299|date=15 May 2018|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-1-5416-1708-7|pages=299–}}</ref>
 == Life ==
-Shcherbina was born in [[Debaltseve|Debaltsevo]], [[Ukrainian SSR]] (now Debaltseve, [[Donetsk Oblast]], [[Ukraine]]) on October 5, 1919 to the family of a [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burke |first1=Patrick |title=The Nuclear Weapons World: Who, how & where |date=1988 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=0313265909 |page=[https://archive.org/details/nuclearweaponswo00burk/page/163 163] |url=https://archive.org/details/nuclearweaponswo00burk|url-access=registration }}</ref> railroad worker.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Shcherbina, Boris Evdokimovich |url=https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Boris+Shcherbina |encyclopedia=[[The Great Soviet Encyclopedia]] (1979)}}</ref> He joined the [[CPSU]] in 1939 and volunteered for army service during the [[Winter War]] with [[Finland]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elektrina.cz/boris-scerbina-profil|title = Boris Ščerbina: Profil muže, který řešil katastrofu v Černobylu}}</ref> He was married to Raisa Pavlovna and the two had one son, Yuri Borisovich.
+Shcherbina was born in Debaltsevo, [[Ukrainian SSR]] (now [[Debaltseve]] in [[Donetsk Oblast]], [[Eastern Ukraine|eastern]] [[Ukraine]]) on October 5, 1919 to the family of a [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burke |first1=Patrick |title=The Nuclear Weapons World: Who, how & where |date=1988 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=0313265909 |page=[https://archive.org/details/nuclearweaponswo00burk/page/163 163] |url=https://archive.org/details/nuclearweaponswo00burk|url-access=registration }}</ref> railroad worker.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Shcherbina, Boris Evdokimovich |url=https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Boris+Shcherbina |encyclopedia=[[The Great Soviet Encyclopedia]] (1979)}}</ref> He joined the [[CPSU]] in 1939 and volunteered for army service during the [[Winter War]] with [[Finland]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elektrina.cz/boris-scerbina-profil|title = Boris Ščerbina: Profil muže, který řešil katastrofu v Černobylu}}</ref> He was married to Raisa Pavlovna and the two had one son, Yuri Borisovich.
 Shcherbina is credited with co-founding the oil and gas industry in [[Western Siberia]] while serving as the CPSU first secretary in [[Tyumen Oblast]] and later as the [[Ministry of Construction of Oil and Gas Industries|Minister of Construction of Oil and Gas Industries]] (1973–1984).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Högselius|first=Per|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/920335307|title=Red gas : Russia and the origins of European energy dependence|date=2013|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-28614-7|oclc=920335307}}</ref> In 1976, Shcherbina had become a member of the [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] and kept the position until his death.{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}}
-In 1984, he became a Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers and as such was in charge of dealing with the [[Chernobyl disaster]] outcome in 1986. Shcherbina served in a similar role after the catastrophic [[1988 Armenian earthquake]].<ref name="Schmid2015">{{cite book|author=Schmid, Sonja D. |title=Producing Power: The Pre-Chernobyl History of the Soviet Nuclear Industry|url=https://archive.org/details/producingpowerpr0000schm|url-access=registration |date=6 February 2015|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0-262-02827-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/producingpowerpr0000schm/page/133 133]–}}</ref> He proposed inviting international rescuers – from Austria and Czechoslovakia – who had thermal imagers and specially trained dogs at their disposal to search for living people.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}}
+In 1984, he became a Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers and as such was in charge of dealing with the [[Chernobyl disaster]] outcome in 1986. Shcherbina played a crucial role in the extensive cleanup and damage control from the Chernobyl disaster, alongside scientists such as [[Valery Legasov]].
+Shcherbina served in a similar role after the catastrophic [[1988 Armenian earthquake]].<ref name="Schmid2015">{{cite book|author=Schmid, Sonja D. |title=Producing Power: The Pre-Chernobyl History of the Soviet Nuclear Industry|url=https://archive.org/details/producingpowerpr0000schm|url-access=registration |date=6 February 2015|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0-262-02827-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/producingpowerpr0000schm/page/133 133]–}}</ref> He proposed inviting international rescuers – from Austria and Czechoslovakia – who had thermal imagers and specially trained dogs at their disposal to search for living people.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}}
 In 1990, he opposed the election of [[Boris Yeltsin]] to the chairmanship of the [[Supreme Soviet of Russia|Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR]], describing him as "a man of low moral qualities", whose election would "pave the way for the darkest period in our country's history".<ref>{{cite web|author1=Samuel Spencer|title=Chernobyl: What happened to Boris Shcherbina in real life?|url=https://www.express.co.uk/showbiz/tv-radio/1137734/Chernobyl-what-happened-to-boris-shcherbina-stellan-skarsgard-hbo-sky-atlantic-real-life|publisher=[[Daily Express]]|access-date=13 August 2022|date=26 June 2019}}</ref>
 == Death ==
-Shcherbina died in [[Moscow]] in 1990, aged 70.<ref name="HewettWinston2010"/><ref name="Plokhy2018"/> It is speculated that his death resulted from a radiation-induced cancer caused by his work at the Chernobyl disaster site. Officially, however, it is unknown whether his death was related to radiation, as a 1988 decree that he drafted prevented Soviet doctors from citing radiation as a cause of death or illness.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Boris Shcherbina |quote=He died in 1990 at age 70, and it's not clear if he died of radiation or not, given that he ordered the construction of a new town in the highly contaminated area. In a secret 1988 decree that he helped form, Soviet doctors could not cite radiation as a cause of death or illness. |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/hbos-chernobyl-based-lives-real-050030423/photo-p-boris-shcherbina-played-stellan-050030313.html |work=[[Yahoo UK]] |date=29 April 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="wpost-1991">{{cite news |last1=Dobbs |first1=Michael |title=CHERNOBYL SYMBOL OF SOVIET FAILURE |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/04/26/chernobyl-symbol-of-soviet-failure/430171ff-211f-4285-9d45-c800b08f0c08/ |access-date=15 April 2020 |work=washingtonpost.com |date=26 April 1991}}</ref>
+Shcherbina died in [[Moscow]] in 1990, aged 70.<ref name="HewettWinston2010"/><ref name="Plokhy2018"/> It is speculated that his death resulted from a radiation-induced cancer caused by his work at the Chernobyl disaster site. Officially, however, it is unknown whether his death was related to radiation, as a 1988 decree that he drafted prevented Soviet doctors from citing radiation as a cause of death or illness.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Boris Shcherbina |quote=He died in 1990 at age 70, and it's not clear if he died of radiation or not, given that he ordered the construction of a new town in the highly contaminated area. In a secret 1988 decree that he helped form, Soviet doctors could not cite radiation as a cause of death or illness. |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/hbos-chernobyl-based-lives-real-050030423/photo-p-boris-shcherbina-played-stellan-050030313.html |work=[[Yahoo UK]] |date=29 April 2019 |url-status=dead |access-date=11 June 2019 |archive-date=26 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626204531/https://uk.style.yahoo.com/hbos-chernobyl-based-lives-real-050030423/photo-p-boris-shcherbina-played-stellan-050030313.html }}</ref><ref name="wpost-1991">{{cite news |last1=Dobbs |first1=Michael |title=CHERNOBYL SYMBOL OF SOVIET FAILURE |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/04/26/chernobyl-symbol-of-soviet-failure/430171ff-211f-4285-9d45-c800b08f0c08/ |access-date=15 April 2020 |work=washingtonpost.com |date=26 April 1991}}</ref>
 == Honors and awards ==
-In his position of Minister of Oil and Gas, he was awarded the honorific title of [[Hero of Socialist Labour]] for major contributions to the development of the country's oil and gas industry, which was the highest award for achievements within the national economy. During his life, he was also awarded four [[Orders of Lenin]], the [[Order of the October Revolution]] and two [[Order of the Red Banner of Labour|Orders of the Red Banner of Labour]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.gcbs.ru/cbs/tum/Neft/Scerbina.html|title=Щербина Борис Евдокимович}}</ref>
+In his position of Minister of Oil and Gas, he was awarded the honorific title of [[Hero of Socialist Labour]] for major contributions to the development of the country's oil and gas industry, which was the highest award for achievements within the national economy. During his life, he was also awarded four [[Orders of Lenin]], the [[Order of the October Revolution]] and two [[Order of the Red Banner of Labour|Orders of the Red Banner of Labour]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.gcbs.ru/cbs/tum/Neft/Scerbina.html|title=Щербина Борис Евдокимович|access-date=9 June 2019|archive-date=20 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220160640/http://www.gcbs.ru/cbs/tum/Neft/Scerbina.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 In [[Gyumri|Gyumri, Armenia]], a street was named after him in his honour. On 10 November 2004, a bust of Shcherbina was erected in Nikolai Nemtsov Square in [[Tyumen]], [[Tyumen Oblast]].<ref name=":0" />
@@ Line 84: / Line 88: @@
 [[Category:People from Debaltseve]]
 [[Category:People from Yekaterinoslav Governorate]]
-[[Category:People of the Winter War]]
+[[Category:Soviet military personnel of the Winter War]]
 [[Category:People's commissars and ministers of the Soviet Union]]
 [[Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin]]

v t e Chernobyl disaster
Effects	Comparison with other radioactivity releases Comparison with Fukushima Cultural impact Deaths Elephant's Foot Groundwater contamination TORCH report
Individuals	Aleksandr Akimov Anatoly Dyatlov Vasily Ignatenko Valery Khodemchuk Boris Shcherbina Valery Legasov Mykola Melnyk Vassili Nesterenko Vladimir Pikalov Volodymyr Pravyk Nikolai Tarakanov Leonid Telyatnikov Leonid Toptunov
Standorte	Exclusion zone Chernihiv–Ovruch railway Chernobyl power plant Kopachi Opachychi Poliske Red Forest Tarasy Velyki Klishchi Vilcha Yaniv Polesie Reserve Aravichy Dzernavichy Pripyat amusement park Azure swimming pool Avanhard stadium FC Stroitel Energetik cultural palace Jupiter factory Polissya hotel Slavutych
Organisations	Chernobyl Children International Children of Chernobyl Benefit Concert Chernobyl Forum Chernobyl Recovery and Development Programme Chernobyl Shelter Fund Friends of Chernobyl's Children State Institution for Radiation Monitoring and Radiation Safety
Related topics	2022 Russian capture of Chernobyl Chernobyl: Abyss (2021 film) Chernobyl (2019 miniseries) Chernobyl: The Lost Tapes (2022) Chernobyl liquidators Chernobyl necklace Chernobylite Sarcophagus New Safe Confinement Samosely National Chernobyl Museum
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