Akhalkalaki uezd: Difference between revisions
m Wording fix |
improve translations |
||
(22 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{italic title|string=uezd}} |
|||
{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
||
| |
| area_total_km2 = 2,739.32 |
||
| subdivision_name = [[Russian Empire]] |
|||
| parts = Baralet, and Bogdanov |
|||
| parts_type = [[Uchastok]]s |
|||
| subdivision_name2 = [[Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)|Caucasus]] |
|||
| subdivision_type2 = Viceroyalty |
|||
| seat = [[Akhalkalaki]] |
|||
| settlement_type = [[Uezd]] |
|||
| population_density_km2 = auto |
|||
<!-- government -->| population_total = 107173 |
|||
| population_as_of = 1916 |
|||
| area_total_km2 = 2739 |
|||
<!-- population -->| subdivision_name1 = [[Tiflis Governorate|Tiflis]] |
|||
| subdivision_type1 = Governorate |
|||
| subdivision_type = Country |
|||
| native_name = Ахалкалакский уезд |
|||
| extinct_date = 1930 |
|||
<!-- location -->| extinct_title = Abolished |
|||
| established_date = 1874 |
| established_date = 1874 |
||
| established_title = Established |
| established_title = Established |
||
| |
| extinct_date = 1930 |
||
| extinct_title = Abolished |
|||
<!-- established -->| image_shield = Coat of arms of Tiflis Governorate 1878.svg |
|||
| mapsize = 220px |
|||
| image_map = Akhalkalaki Uyezd of Tiflis Governorate.png |
| image_map = Akhalkalaki Uyezd of Tiflis Governorate.png |
||
| |
| image_shield = Coat of arms of Tiflis Governorate 1878.svg |
||
| native_name_lang = ru |
|||
| map_caption = Location in the Tiflis Governorate |
| map_caption = Location in the Tiflis Governorate |
||
| mapsize = 220px |
|||
| name = Akhalkalaki ''uezd'' |
|||
| native_name = Ахалкалакский уезд |
|||
| native_name_lang = ru |
|||
| population_as_of = 1916 |
|||
| population_density_km2 = auto |
|||
| population_rural = 93.42% |
|||
| population_total = 107,173 |
|||
| population_urban = 6.58% |
|||
| seat = Akhalkalak<br>(present-day [[Akhalkalaki]]) |
|||
| seat_type = Capital |
|||
| settlement_type = ''[[Uezd]]'' |
|||
| subdivision_name = [[Russian Empire]] |
|||
| subdivision_name1 = [[Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)|Caucasus]] |
|||
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tiflis Governorate|Tiflis]] |
|||
| subdivision_type = Country |
|||
| subdivision_type1 = [[List of viceroyalties of the Russian Empire|Viceroyalty]] |
|||
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of governorates of the Russian Empire|Governorate]] |
|||
| total_type = Total |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
The '''Akhalkalaki |
The '''Akhalkalaki ''uezd'''''{{efn|{{bulletedlist|{{lang-ru|Ахалкалакский уезд}}, {{lang-ru|label=<small>[[pre-reform orthography]]</small>|Ахалкалакскій уѣздъ|translit=Akhalkalakskiy uyezd}} {{IPA-ru|ɐxəɫkəɫəkskʲɪj ʊ(j)ɪst|}}|{{lang-ka|ახალციხის მაზრა|tr}} {{IPA-ka|aχalt͡sʰiχis mazɾa|}}|{{lang-hy|Ախալքալաքի գավառ}}, {{lang-hy|Ախալքալաքի գաւառ|translit=Axalk̕alak̕i gawaṙ|label=<small>[[classical orthography]]</small>|translit-std=iso}} {{IPA|hy|ɑχɑlkʰɑlɑˈkʰi ɡɑˈvɑr|}}{{efn|<small>[[Western Armenian]] pronunciation:</small> {{IPA|hy|ɑχɑlkʰɑlɑˈkʰi kʰɑˈvɑr|}}}}}}}} was a county (''[[uezd]]'') of the [[Tiflis Governorate]] of the [[Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)|Caucasus Viceroyalty]] of the [[Russian Empire]], and then of [[Democratic Republic of Georgia]], with its administrative centre in Akhalkalak (present-day [[Akhalkalaki]]).{{sfn|Tsutsiev|2014}} The county bordered the [[Gori uezd|Gori ''uezd'']] to the north, the [[Borchaly uezd|Borchaly ''uezd'']] to the east, the [[Alexandropol uezd|Alexandropol ''uezd'']] of the [[Erivan Governorate]] and the [[Kars Okrug|Kars]] and [[Ardahan Okrug|Ardahan]] ''okrugs'' of the [[Kars Oblast]] to the south, and the [[Akhaltsikhe uezd|Akhaltsikhe ''uezd'']] to the west. The area of the county roughly corresponded to the contemporary [[Samtskhe–Javakheti]] region of [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]. |
||
== History == |
== History == |
||
The territory of the Akhalkalaki |
The territory of the Akhalkalaki ''uezd'', then part of the Akhaltsikhe ''uezd'', entered into the [[Kutais Governorate]] of the Russian Empire following the [[Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)|Russo-Turkish War of 1828]]. By 1874, the Akhkalaki ''uezd'' was detached from the hitherto larger Akhaltsikhe ''uezd'', becoming a constituent county of the Tiflis Governorate.{{sfn|Tsutsiev|2014}} |
||
Following the [[Russian Revolution]], the Akhalkalaki |
Following the [[Russian Revolution]], the Akhalkalaki ''uezd'' was incorporated into the short-lived [[Democratic Republic of Georgia]], however, it was strongly disputed by the [[First Republic of Armenia|Democratic Republic of Armenia]] which also claimed the county on the grounds of history and ethnography.{{sfn|Tsutsiev|2014}} |
||
As a result of the Ottoman occupation of the ''uezd'', of the initial 80,000 Armenians in 1918, 30,000 died whilst the surviving 40,000 still in the district were affected by famine and concubinage.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hovannisian |first=Richard G. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/238471 |title=The Republic of Armenia |date=1971–1996 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=0-520-01805-2 |volume=2 |location=Berkeley |pages=151–152 |oclc=238471}}</ref> |
|||
[[Richard G. Hovannisian|Hovannisian]], a notable historian on the topic of the interwar republic of Armenia writes about the fate of the more than eighty-thousand [[Armenians in Georgia|Armenians]] of the Akhalkalaki Uyezd:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hovannisian|first=Richard G.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/238471|title=The Republic of Armenia|date=1971–1996|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=0-520-01805-2|volume=2|location=Berkeley|pages=151-152|oclc=238471}}</ref><blockquote>Thirty thousand had perished as the result of the Turkish occupation, and those who survived were starving. Some mothers attempted to save their daughters by offering them as wives to Georgian militiamen and soldiers ... hundreds of women and children were pressed into servitude in the adjacent Muslim districts. All roads leading away from Akhalkalak were strewn with the bodies of fleeing Armenians. In September ... of the more than 80,000 Armenians in the county at the beginning of 1918, only 40,000 were left and that these were rapidly succumbing to famine, foreign marriages, concubinage, or to even worse fates. Although the Tiflis government regarded Akhalkalak as an integral part of the Republic of Georgia ... it did nothing to relieve the agony.</blockquote>[[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|Lord Curzon]] during the [[Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)|Paris Peace Conference]] assessed the ethnographic situation in the southwestern ''uezds'' of the Tiflis Governorate:<ref>Britain, Cab 27/37, E.C. 2525.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hovannisian|first=Richard G.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/238471|title=The Republic of Armenia|date=1971–1996|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=0-520-01805-2|volume=1|location=Berkeley|pages=267|oclc=238471}}</ref><blockquote>Along the line marking the proposed northeastern boundary of Armenia, the counties of Akhalkalaki and Akhaltsikhe fell on the Georgian side, even though, it was stated, they were populated primarily by the Armenian descendants of refugees from Turkey: “On the grounds of nationality, therefore, these districts ought to belong to Armenia, but they command the heart of Georgia strategically, and on the whole it would seem equitable to assign them to Georgia, and give their Armenian inhabitants the option of emigration into the wide territories assigned to the Armenians towards the south-west.”</blockquote> |
|||
[[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|Lord Curzon]] during the [[Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)|Paris Peace Conference]] discussions on the fate of the independent Transcaucasian republics assessed the ethnographic situation in the southwestern ''uezd''s of the Tiflis Governorate:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hovannisian|first=Richard G.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/238471|title=The Republic of Armenia|date=1971–1996|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=0-520-01805-2|volume=1|location=Berkeley|pages=267|oclc=238471}}</ref><blockquote>On the grounds of nationality, therefore, these districts ought to belong to Armenia, but they command the heart of Georgia strategically, and on the whole it would seem equitable to assign them to Georgia, and give their Armenian inhabitants the option of emigration into the wide territories assigned to the Armenians towards the south-west.</blockquote> |
|||
== Administrative divisions == |
|||
The ''[[Uchastok|uchastoks]]'' (sub-counties) of the Akhalkalaki Uyezd were:<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.prlib.ru/item/417318|title=Кавказский календарь .... на 1913 год|publisher=Office of the Viceroy of the Caucasus|year=1913|location=Tiflis|pages=271-317|language=ru}}</ref> |
|||
== Administrative divisions == |
|||
* Baralet ({{lang|ru|Баралетский участок}}) |
|||
The subcounties (''[[uchastok]]s'') of the Akhalkalaki ''uezd'' in 1913 were as follows:{{sfn|Кавказский календарь на 1913 год|pp=164–175}} |
|||
* Bogdanov ({{lang|ru|Богдановский участок}}) |
|||
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
|||
!Name |
|||
!1912 population |
|||
!Area |
|||
|- |
|||
|Baraletskiy uchastok ({{Lang|ru|Баралетский участок}}) |
|||
| align="right" |51,061 |
|||
|{{Convert|895|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|Bogdanovskiy uchastok ({{Lang|ru|Богдановский участок}}) |
|||
| align="right" |41,331 |
|||
|{{Convert|1512|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |
|||
|} |
|||
== Demographics == |
== Demographics == |
||
=== |
=== Russian Empire Census === |
||
According to the [[Russian Empire Census]], the Akhalkalaki ''uezd'' had a population of 72,709 on {{OldStyleDate|28 January|1897|15 January}}, including 37,903 men and 34,806 women. The majority of the population indicated [[Armenian language|Armenian]] to be their mother tongue, with significant Tatar,{{Caucasian Tatars}} [[Georgian language|Georgian]], and [[Russian language|Russian]] speaking minorities.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей. |url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=527 |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=www.demoscope.ru}}</ref> |
|||
The 1917 Caucasian Calendar which produced statistics of 1916 indicates 107,173 residents in the Akhalkalaki Uyezd, including 56,140 men and 51,033 women, 106,307 of whom were the permanent population, and 866 were temporary residents:<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|url=https://www.prlib.ru/item/417322|title=Кавказский календарь .... на 1917 год|publisher=Office of the Viceroy of the Caucasus|year=1917|location=Tiflis|pages=363-366|language=Russian}}</ref> |
|||
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
||
|+Linguistic composition of the Akhalkalaki ''uezd'' in 1897<ref name=":0" /> |
|||
!Nationality |
|||
!Language |
|||
!Center |
|||
!Native speakers |
|||
!Rural |
|||
!% |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Armenian language|Armenian]] |
|||
| align="right" |52,539 |
|||
| align="right" |72.26 |
|||
|- |
|||
|Tatar{{efn|name=Caucasian Tatars}} |
|||
| align="right" |6,572 |
|||
| align="right" |9.04 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Georgian language|Georgian]] |
|||
| align="right" |6,448 |
|||
| align="right" |8.87 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Russian language|Russian]] |
|||
| align="right" |5,155 |
|||
| align="right" |7.09 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]] |
|||
| align="right" |810 |
|||
| align="right" |1.11 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Turkish language|Turkish]] |
|||
| align="right" |296 |
|||
| align="right" |0.41 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] |
|||
| align="right" |286 |
|||
| align="right" |0.39 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Jewish languages|Jewish]] |
|||
| align="right" |211 |
|||
| align="right" |0.29 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Polish language|Polish]] |
|||
| align="right" |145 |
|||
| align="right" |0.20 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] |
|||
| align="right" |87 |
|||
| align="right" |0.12 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Greek language|Greek]] |
|||
| align="right" |75 |
|||
| align="right" |0.10 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[German language|German]] |
|||
| align="right" |40 |
|||
| align="right" |0.06 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] |
|||
| align="right" |12 |
|||
| align="right" |0.02 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Avar language|Avar-Andean]] |
|||
| align="right" |6 |
|||
| align="right" |0.01 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Ossetian language|Ossetian]] |
|||
| align="right" |4 |
|||
| align="right" |0.01 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Chechen language|Chechen]] |
|||
| align="right" |3 |
|||
| align="right" |0.00 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Mingrelian language|Mingrelian]] |
|||
| align="right" |3 |
|||
| align="right" |0.00 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Persian language|Persian]] |
|||
| align="right" |3 |
|||
| align="right" |0.00 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Romanian language|Romanian]] |
|||
| align="right" |3 |
|||
| align="right" |0.00 |
|||
|- |
|||
|Other |
|||
| align="right" |11 |
|||
| align="right" |0.02 |
|||
|- |
|||
!TOTAL |
|||
!72,709 |
|||
!100.00 |
|||
|} |
|||
=== ''Kavkazskiy kalendar'' === |
|||
According to the 1917 publication of ''[[Kavkazskiy kalendar]]'', the Akhalkalaki ''uezd'' had a population of 107,173 on {{OldStyleDate|14 January|1916|1 January}}, including 56,140 men and 51,033 women, 106,307 of whom were the permanent population, and 866 were temporary residents:{{sfn|Кавказский календарь на 1917 год|pp=206–213}} |
|||
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
|||
! rowspan="2" |Nationality |
|||
! colspan="2" |[[Urban area|Urban]] |
|||
! colspan="2" |[[Rural area|Rural]] |
|||
! colspan="2" |TOTAL |
! colspan="2" |TOTAL |
||
|- |
|||
!Number |
|||
!% |
|||
!Number |
|||
!% |
|||
!Number |
|||
!% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Armenians]] |
|[[Armenians]] |
||
|6,151 |
| align="right" |6,151 |
||
| align="right" |87.19 |
|||
|76,624 |
|||
| align="right" |76,624 |
|||
|82,775 |
|||
| align="right" |76.53 |
|||
|<small>77.2%</small> |
|||
| align="right" |82,775 |
|||
| align="right" |77.23 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Georgians]] |
|[[Georgians]] |
||
| align="right" |265 |
|||
|265 |
|||
| align="right" |3.76 |
|||
|10,039 |
|||
| align="right" |10,039 |
|||
|10,304 |
|||
| align="right" |10.03 |
|||
|<small>9.6%</small> |
|||
| align="right" |10,304 |
|||
| align="right" |9.61 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Russians]] |
|[[Russians]] |
||
| align="right" |429 |
|||
|429 |
|||
| align="right" |6.08 |
|||
|7,113 |
|||
| align="right" |7,113 |
|||
|7,542 |
|||
| align="right" |7.10 |
|||
|<small>7.0%</small> |
|||
| align="right" |7,542 |
|||
| align="right" |7.04 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Sunni Muslims]]{{Efn|Primarily Turco-Tatars.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=67}}}} |
|||
|[[Azerbaijanis]] |
|||
| align="right" |0 |
|||
|0 |
|||
| align="right" |0.00 |
|||
|5,431 |
|||
|5,431 |
| align="right" |5,431 |
||
| align="right" |5.42 |
|||
|<small>5.1%</small> |
|||
| align="right" |5,431 |
|||
| align="right" |5.07 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Kurds]] |
|[[Kurds]] |
||
| align="right" |0 |
|||
|0 |
|||
| align="right" |0.00 |
|||
|904 |
|||
| align="right" |904 |
|||
|904 |
|||
| align="right" |0.90 |
|||
|<small>0.8%</small> |
|||
| align="right" |904 |
|||
| align="right" |0.84 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Jews]] |
|[[Jews]] |
||
| align="right" |204 |
|||
|204 |
|||
| align="right" |2.89 |
|||
|0 |
|||
| align="right" |0 |
|||
|204 |
|||
| align="right" |0.00 |
|||
|<small>0.2%</small> |
|||
| align="right" |204 |
|||
| align="right" |0.19 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Europeans|Other Europeans]] |
|||
| align="right" |6 |
|||
| align="right" |0.09 |
|||
| align="right" |7 |
|||
| align="right" |0.01 |
|||
| align="right" |13 |
|||
| align="right" |0.01 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!TOTAL |
!TOTAL |
||
!7,055 |
!7,055 |
||
!100.00 |
|||
!100,118 |
!100,118 |
||
!100.00 |
|||
!'''107,173''' |
|||
!107,173 |
|||
!<small>100.0%</small> |
|||
!100.00 |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
== See also == |
== See also == |
||
* [[History of the administrative division of Russia]] |
* [[History of the administrative division of Russia]] |
||
== Notes == |
|||
{{Notelist}} |
|||
== References == |
== References == |
||
{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
||
== Bibliography == |
|||
{{Refbegin}} |
|||
*{{Cite Armenia and Imperial Decline}} |
|||
*{{Cite The Republic of Armenia Volume 1}} |
|||
*{{Cite Kavkazskiy Kalendar 1913}} |
|||
*{{Cite Kavkazskiy Kalendar 1917}} |
|||
*{{Cite Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus}} |
|||
{{Refend}} |
|||
{{Subdivisions of the Russian Empire}} |
{{Subdivisions of the Russian Empire}} |
||
Line 111: | Line 258: | ||
[[Category:Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)]] |
[[Category:Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)]] |
||
[[Category:Tiflis Governorate]] |
[[Category:Tiflis Governorate]] |
||
[[Category:Uezds of Tiflis Governorate]] |
|||
[[Category:Modern history of Georgia (country)]] |
[[Category:Modern history of Georgia (country)]] |
||
[[Category:1880 establishments in the Russian Empire]] |
[[Category:1880 establishments in the Russian Empire]] |
Revision as of 06:49, 3 May 2024
Akhalkalaki uezd
Ахалкалакский уезд | |
---|---|
![]() Location in the Tiflis Governorate | |
Land | Russian Empire |
Viceroyalty | Caucasus |
Governorate | Tiflis |
Established | 1874 |
Abolished | 1930 |
Capital | Akhalkalak (present-day Akhalkalaki) |
Area | |
• Total | 2,739.32 km2 (1,057.66 sq mi) |
Population (1916) | |
• Total | 107,173 |
• Density | 39/km2 (100/sq mi) |
• Urban | 6.58% |
• Rural | 93.42% |
The Akhalkalaki uezd[b] was a county (uezd) of the Tiflis Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, and then of Democratic Republic of Georgia, with its administrative centre in Akhalkalak (present-day Akhalkalaki).[1] The county bordered the Gori uezd to the north, the Borchaly uezd to the east, the Alexandropol uezd of the Erivan Governorate and the Kars and Ardahan okrugs of the Kars Oblast to the south, and the Akhaltsikhe uezd to the west. The area of the county roughly corresponded to the contemporary Samtskhe–Javakheti region of Georgia.
History
The territory of the Akhalkalaki uezd, then part of the Akhaltsikhe uezd, entered into the Kutais Governorate of the Russian Empire following the Russo-Turkish War of 1828. By 1874, the Akhkalaki uezd was detached from the hitherto larger Akhaltsikhe uezd, becoming a constituent county of the Tiflis Governorate.[1]
Following the Russian Revolution, the Akhalkalaki uezd was incorporated into the short-lived Democratic Republic of Georgia, however, it was strongly disputed by the Democratic Republic of Armenia which also claimed the county on the grounds of history and ethnography.[1]
As a result of the Ottoman occupation of the uezd, of the initial 80,000 Armenians in 1918, 30,000 died whilst the surviving 40,000 still in the district were affected by famine and concubinage.[2]
Lord Curzon during the Paris Peace Conference discussions on the fate of the independent Transcaucasian republics assessed the ethnographic situation in the southwestern uezds of the Tiflis Governorate:[3]
On the grounds of nationality, therefore, these districts ought to belong to Armenia, but they command the heart of Georgia strategically, and on the whole it would seem equitable to assign them to Georgia, and give their Armenian inhabitants the option of emigration into the wide territories assigned to the Armenians towards the south-west.
Administrative divisions
The subcounties (uchastoks) of the Akhalkalaki uezd in 1913 were as follows:[4]
Name | 1912 population | Area |
---|---|---|
Baraletskiy uchastok (Баралетский участок) | 51,061 | 895 square versts (1,019 km2; 393 sq mi) |
Bogdanovskiy uchastok (Богдановский участок) | 41,331 | 1,512 square versts (1,721 km2; 664 sq mi) |
Demographics
Russian Empire Census
According to the Russian Empire Census, the Akhalkalaki uezd had a population of 72,709 on 28 January [O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 37,903 men and 34,806 women. The majority of the population indicated Armenian to be their mother tongue, with significant Tatar,[c] Georgian, and Russian speaking minorities.[7]
Sprache | Native speakers | % |
---|---|---|
Armenian | 52,539 | 72.26 |
Tatar[c] | 6,572 | 9.04 |
Georgian | 6,448 | 8.87 |
Russian | 5,155 | 7.09 |
Kurdish | 810 | 1.11 |
Turkish | 296 | 0.41 |
Ukrainian | 286 | 0.39 |
Jewish | 211 | 0.29 |
Polish | 145 | 0.20 |
Lithuanian | 87 | 0.12 |
Greek | 75 | 0.10 |
German | 40 | 0.06 |
Belarusian | 12 | 0.02 |
Avar-Andean | 6 | 0.01 |
Ossetian | 4 | 0.01 |
Chechen | 3 | 0.00 |
Mingrelian | 3 | 0.00 |
Persian | 3 | 0.00 |
Romanian | 3 | 0.00 |
Other | 11 | 0.02 |
TOTAL | 72,709 | 100.00 |
Kavkazskiy kalendar
According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Akhalkalaki uezd had a population of 107,173 on 14 January [O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 56,140 men and 51,033 women, 106,307 of whom were the permanent population, and 866 were temporary residents:[8]
Nationality | Urban | Rural | TOTAL | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
Armenians | 6,151 | 87.19 | 76,624 | 76.53 | 82,775 | 77.23 |
Georgians | 265 | 3.76 | 10,039 | 10.03 | 10,304 | 9.61 |
Russians | 429 | 6.08 | 7,113 | 7.10 | 7,542 | 7.04 |
Sunni Muslims[d] | 0 | 0.00 | 5,431 | 5.42 | 5,431 | 5.07 |
Kurds | 0 | 0.00 | 904 | 0.90 | 904 | 0.84 |
Jews | 204 | 2.89 | 0 | 0.00 | 204 | 0.19 |
Other Europeans | 6 | 0.09 | 7 | 0.01 | 13 | 0.01 |
TOTAL | 7,055 | 100.00 | 100,118 | 100.00 | 107,173 | 100.00 |
See also
Notes
- ^ Western Armenian pronunciation: [ɑχɑlkʰɑlɑˈkʰi kʰɑˈvɑr]
- ^
- Russian: Ахалкалакский уезд, pre-reform orthography: Ахалкалакскій уѣздъ, romanized: Akhalkalakskiy uyezd [ɐxəɫkəɫəkskʲɪj ʊ(j)ɪst]
- Georgian: ახალციხის მაზრა, romanized: akhaltsikhis mazra [aχalt͡sʰiχis mazɾa]
- Armenian: Ախալքալաքի գավառ, classical orthography: Ախալքալաքի գաւառ, romanized: Axalk̕alak̕i gawaṙ [ɑχɑlkʰɑlɑˈkʰi ɡɑˈvɑr][a]
- ^ a b Before 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred to Turkic-speaking Muslims of the South Caucasus. After 1918, with the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and "especially during the Soviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani".[5][6]
- ^ Primarily Turco-Tatars.[9]
References
- ^ a b c Tsutsiev 2014.
- ^ Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971–1996). The Republic of Armenia. Vol. 2. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 151–152. ISBN 0-520-01805-2. OCLC 238471.
- ^ Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971–1996). The Republic of Armenia. Vol. 1. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 267. ISBN 0-520-01805-2. OCLC 238471.
- ^ Кавказский календарь на 1913 год, pp. 164–175.
- ^ Bournoutian 2018, p. 35 (note 25).
- ^ Tsutsiev 2014, p. 50.
- ^ a b "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-06-30.
- ^ Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 206–213.
- ^ Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.
Bibliography
- Bournoutian, George A. (2018). Armenia and Imperial Decline: The Yerevan Province, 1900–1914. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-06260-2. OCLC 1037283914.
- Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971). The Republic of Armenia: The First Year, 1918–1919. Vol. 1. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520019843.
- Кавказский календарь на 1913 год [Caucasian calendar for 1913] (in Russian) (68th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1913. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022.
- Кавказский календарь на 1917 год [Caucasian calendar for 1917] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.
- Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014). Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus (PDF). Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300153088. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2023.