Jump to content

Ashland, Greene County, New York: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 42°18′13″N 74°20′01″W / 42.30361°N 74.33361°W / 42.30361; -74.33361
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit
m script-assisted date audit and style fixes per MOS:NUM
 
(24 intermediate revisions by 15 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Refimprove|date=October 2023}}
{{For|the town in Chemung County|Ashland, Chemung County, New York}}
{{For|the town in Chemung County|Ashland, Chemung County, New York}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Ashland, Greene County,<br>New York
| official_name = Ashland, Greene County,<br>New York
|settlement_type = [[Administrative divisions of New York#Town|Town]]
| settlement_type = [[Administrative divisions of New York#Town|Town]]
|nickname =
| nickname =
|motto =
| motto = <!-- Images -->
| image_skyline =

| imagesize =
<!-- Images -->
|image_skyline =
| image_caption =
|imagesize =
| image_flag =
|image_caption =
| image_seal = <!-- Maps -->
|image_flag =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
|image_seal =
| pushpin_map_caption =

| pushpin_mapsize =
<!-- Maps -->
| image_map = Greene County NY Ashland town highlighted.svg
|pushpin_map =
| mapsize =
|pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| map_caption = Location in [[Greene County, New York|Greene County]] and the state of [[New York (state)|New York]].
|pushpin_map_caption =
|pushpin_mapsize =
| image_map1 =
| mapsize1 =
|image_map = Greene County NY Ashland town highlighted.svg
|mapsize =
| map_caption1 = <!-- Location -->
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|map_caption = Location in [[Greene County, New York|Greene County]] and the state of [[New York (state)|New York]].
| subdivision_name = United States
|image_map1 =
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|mapsize1 =
| subdivision_name1 = [[New York (state)|New York]]
|map_caption1 =
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in New York|County]]

| subdivision_name2 = [[Greene County, New York|Greene]]
<!-- Location -->
| government_footnotes =
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| government_type = [[Town Council]]
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| leader_title = [[Town Supervisor]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[New York (state)|New York]]
| leader_name = Richard E. Tompkins ([[United States Republican Party|R]])
| leader_title1 = [[Town Council]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in New York|County]]
| leader_name1 = {{Collapsible list
|subdivision_name2 = [[Greene County, New York|Greene]]
|government_footnotes =
|government_type = [[Town Council]]
|leader_title = [[Town Supervisor]]
|leader_name = Richard E. Tompkins ([[United States Republican Party|R]])
| leader_title1 = [[Town Council]]
| leader_name1 = {{Collapsible list
|title = Members' List
|title = Members' List
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
Line 47: Line 43:
|4 = • Thomas H. Soule ([[United States Republican Party|R]])
|4 = • Thomas H. Soule ([[United States Republican Party|R]])
}}
}}
|established_title =
| established_title =
|established_date =
| established_date = <!-- Area -->
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2016">{{cite web|title=2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016_Gazetteer/2016_gaz_place_36.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=July 5, 2017}}</ref>
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 63.78
| area_land_km2 = 63.78
| area_water_km2 = 0.00
| area_total_sq_mi = 24.63
| area_land_sq_mi = 24.63
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.00


<!-- Population -->| population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
<!-- Area -->
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2020Census"/>
|unit_pref = Imperial
| population_total = 682
|area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2016">{{cite web|title=2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016_Gazetteer/2016_gaz_place_36.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Jul 5, 2017}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
|area_magnitude =
| population_density_sq_mi = auto
|area_total_km2 = 63.78
|area_land_km2 = 63.78
|area_water_km2 = 0.00
|area_total_sq_mi = 24.63
|area_land_sq_mi = 24.63
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.00


<!-- General information -->| timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
<!-- Population -->
| utc_offset = -5
|population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]]
|population_footnotes =
| timezone_DST = EDT
| utc_offset_DST = -4
|population_total = 784
| elevation_footnotes =
|population_density_km2 = 11.87
| elevation_m = 589
|population_density_sq_mi = 30.74
| elevation_ft = 1932

| coordinates = {{coord|42|19|17|N|74|20|21|W|region:US-NY|display=inline}}
<!-- General information -->
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset = -5
| postal_code = 12407
|timezone_DST = EDT
| area_code = [[Area code 518|518]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|utc_offset_DST = -4
|elevation_footnotes =
| blank_info = 36-02803
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|elevation_m = 589
|elevation_ft = 1932
| blank1_info = 0978692
|coordinates = {{coord|42|19|17|N|74|20|21|W|region:US-NY|display=inline}}
| website = {{URL|https://ashlandny.com}}
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
| footnotes =
|postal_code = 12407
| pop_est_as_of =
| pop_est_footnotes =
|area_code = [[Area code 518|518]]
| population_est =
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 36-02803
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 0978692
|website =
|footnotes =
|pop_est_as_of = 2016
|pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2016"/>
|population_est = 757
}}
}}
'''Ashland''' is a [[Administrative divisions of New York#Town|town]] in [[Greene County, New York|Greene County]], [[New York (state)|New York]], United States. The population was 784 at the 2010 census.<ref name="Census 2010">{{Cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/0600000US3603902803| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Ashland town, Greene County, New York| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| work=American Factfinder| accessdate=December 29, 2016}}{{dead link|bot=medic|date=April 2020}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Ashland is in the northwest part of the county.
'''Ashland''' is a [[Administrative divisions of New York#Town|town]] in [[Greene County, New York|Greene County]], [[New York (state)|New York]], United States. The population was 682 in the 2020 US census,<ref name="2020Census">US Census Bureau, 2020 census, Ashland town, Greene County, New York https://www.census.gov/search-results.html?searchType=web&cssp=SERP&q=Ashland%20town,%20Greene%20County,%20New%20York Accessed, November 6, 2022</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=Source is a raw URL to a search result which is likely to not be stable|date=November 2022}} down from 784 in the 2010 census.<ref name="2020Census"/><ref name="Census 2010">{{Cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/0600000US3603902803| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Ashland town, Greene County, New York| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| work=American Factfinder| accessdate=December 29, 2016}}{{dead link|bot=medic|date=April 2020}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Ashland is in the northwestern part of the county.


== History ==
== History ==
Early settlements were abandoned during the [[American Revolution]], but the town was re-settled in 1788. The town was created from parts of the towns of [[Windham, New York|Windham]] and [[Prattsville, New York|Prattsville]] in 1848.
Early settlements were abandoned during the [[American Revolution]], but the town was re-settled in 1788.{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}} The town was created from parts of the towns of [[Windham, New York|Windham]] and [[Prattsville, New York|Prattsville]] in 1848.<ref name="Hitchcock">{{Cite web |last=Hitchcock |first=O.B. |date=1884 |title=History of Greene County New York with Biographical Sketches of its Prominent Men |url=https://sites.rootsweb.com/~nygreen2/beers_history_of_greene_county_ashland.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209091530/https://sites.rootsweb.com/~nygreen2/beers_history_of_greene_county_ashland.htm |archive-date=February 9, 2023 |access-date=February 9, 2023 |website=Rootsweb}}</ref>


When the town was still part of Windham, it was called Scienceville<ref name="Windham">{{cite web |url= https://www.townofwindhamny.com/history-of-windham/ |title= History of Windham |website= townofwindhamny.com |publisher= Town of Windham, New York |access-date= October 12, 2023}}</ref> due to there being "some families of more than ordinary education"<ref name="Dodd">{{cite book |last= Dodd |first= Henry Martyn |date= 1903 |title= 1803-1903 Centennial of the Old First Congregational Church, Windham, New York, June 16th, 1903 |url= https://archive.org/details/cu31924010165953/page/n39/mode/2up |location= Windham, NY |publisher= Windham Journal Print |page=40 |isbn=}}</ref> in the area. When Scienceville became a separate community in 1848, it was renamed Ashland after the [[Ashland (Henry Clay estate) | estate]] of [[Henry Clay]].{{sfn|Dodd|1903|p=41}}
In 1890, the population was 560.

The presence of [[Tsuga | hemlock]] forests led to a [[Tanning (leather) | tanning]] industry.<ref name="Hitchcock"/> Hemlock bark was an important raw material used for leather tanning,<ref name="Hergert">{{cite book |last=Hergert |first= Herbert L. |date= 1989 |chapter= Hemlock and Spruce Tannins: An Odyssey |title= Chemistry and Significance of Condensed Tannins |url= https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-7511-1_1 |location= New York, NY |publisher= Plenum Press |page= 3 |doi= 10.1007/978-1-4684-7511-1 |isbn= 978-1-4684-7513-5}}</ref> due to it being a good source of [[tannic acid]].<ref name="Canham">{{cite web |url= https://northernwoodlands.org/articles/article/hemlock-and-hide-the-tanbark-industry-in-old-new-york |title= Hemlock and Hide: The Tanbark Industry in Old New York |author= Hugh O. Canham |date=Summer 2011 |website= northernwoodlands.org |publisher= Northern Woodlands |access-date=
}}</ref>

However, Ashland suffered a [[recession]] in the early 1850s when its tanning industry collapsed after the community exhausted its supply of hemlock bark. Around the same time, the cotton and wool [[Textile manufacturing | mills]] lost business due to being located inland, resulting in expensive transportation rates.{{sfn|Dodd|1903|p=41}}

In 1890, the population was 560.{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}}

A local [[YMCA]] was opened on March 29, 1895, but closed due to a lack of support in 1901.{{sfn|Dodd|1903|p=46}}


==Geography==
==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of {{convert|26.0|sqmi|km2}}, all of it land.
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of {{convert|26.0|sqmi|km2}}, all land.


The town is at the north border of the [[Catskill Park]]. The north town line is the border of [[Schoharie County, New York|Schoharie County]].
The town is at the northern border of the [[Catskill Park]]. The northern town line is the border of [[Schoharie County, New York|Schoharie County]].


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
Line 121: Line 122:
|2000= 752
|2000= 752
|2010= 784
|2010= 784
|2020= 682
|estyear=2016
|estyear=
|estimate=757
|estimate=
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2016">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}}</ref>
|estref=
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html |title=Census of Population and Housing |publisher=Census.gov |accessdate=June 4, 2015 }}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html |title=Census of Population and Housing |publisher=Census.gov |accessdate=June 4, 2015 }}</ref>{{failed verification|date=November 2022|reason=no mention of Ashland at this link}} 2020<ref name="2020Census"/>
}}
}}
{{update|section|date=November 2022|reason=Newer information is available from the 2010 and 2020 census reports}}
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |accessdate=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2000, there were 752 people, 304 households, and 214 families residing in the town. The [[population density]] was 29.0 people per square mile (11.2/km²). There were 603 housing units at an average density of 23.2 per square mile (9.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.21% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.53% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.13% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.53% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], and 1.60% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.93% of the population.


As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |accessdate=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2000, there were 752 people, 304 households, and 214 families residing in the town. The population density was {{convert|29.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 603 housing units at an average density of 23.2 per square mile (9.0/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the town was 97.21% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.53% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.13% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.53% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], and 1.60% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.93% of the population.
There were 304 households out of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.9% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. 22.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.89.


In the town, the population was spread out with 23.3% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 28.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males.
There were 304 households, out of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.9% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. 22.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 28.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males.


The median income for a household in the town was $35,357, and the median income for a family was $42,031. Males had a median income of $34,750 versus $28,125 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $18,029. About 9.8% of families and 15.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 29.2% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over.
The median income for a household in the town was $35,357, and the median income for a family was $42,031. Males had a median income of $34,750 versus $28,125 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $18,029. About 9.8% of families and 15.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 29.2% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over.


== Communities and locations in Ashland ==
== Communities and locations in Ashland ==
*'''[[Ashland (hamlet), New York|Ashland]]''' &ndash; The [[hamlet (New York)|hamlet]] of Ashland is in the south part of the town on Route 23. It is located at the edge of the Catskill Park and at the south town line. An early name for the community was "Scienceville".
*'''[[Ashland (hamlet), New York|Ashland]]''' &ndash; The [[hamlet (New York)|hamlet]] of Ashland is in the southern part of the town on Route 23. It is located at the edge of the Catskill Park and at the southern town line. An early name for the community was "Scienceville".
*'''Batavia Creek''' &ndash; A west-flowing stream that passes Ashland village.
*'''Batavia Kill''' &ndash; A westward-flowing stream that passes Ashland village.
*'''Four Corners''' &ndash; A hamlet on the west town line.
*'''Four Corners''' &ndash; A hamlet on the western town line.
*'''North Settlement''' &ndash; A hamlet northeast of Ashland village, located on Route 10 by the east town line.
*'''North Settlement''' &ndash; A hamlet northeast of Ashland village, located on Route 10 by the eastern town line.
*'''West Settlement''' &ndash; A hamlet northwest of Ashland village, located on Route 10.
*'''West Settlement''' &ndash; A hamlet northwest of Ashland village, located on Route 10.


Line 144: Line 148:


==References==
==References==
{{portal|New York (state)}}

<references />
<references />


Line 153: Line 159:
{{authority control}}
{{authority control}}


[[Category:Towns in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Towns in Greene County, New York]]
[[Category:Towns in Greene County, New York]]
[[Category:Towns in New York (state)]]
[[Category:1848 establishments in New York (state)]]
[[Category:1848 establishments in New York (state)]]

Latest revision as of 02:09, 4 May 2024

For the town in Chemung County, see Ashland, Chemung County, New York.
Ashland, Greene County,
New York
Town
Location in Greene County and the state of New York.
Location in Greene County and the state of New York.
Coordinates: 42°19′17″N 74°20′21″W / 42.32139°N 74.33917°W / 42.32139; -74.33917
CountryUnited States
StateNew York
CountyGreene
Government
 • TypeTown Council
 • Town SupervisorRichard E. Tompkins (R)
 • Town Council
Members' List
Area
[1]
 • Total24.63 sq mi (63.78 km2)
 • Land24.63 sq mi (63.78 km2)
 • Water0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)
Elevation
1,932 ft (589 m)
Population
 (2020)[2]
 • Total682
 • Density28/sq mi (11/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP code
12407
Area code518
FIPS code36-02803
GNIS feature ID0978692
Websiteashlandny.com

Ashland is a town in Greene County, New York, United States. The population was 682 in the 2020 US census,[2][better source needed] down from 784 in the 2010 census.[2][3] Ashland is in the northwestern part of the county.

History

[edit]

Early settlements were abandoned during the American Revolution, but the town was re-settled in 1788.[citation needed] The town was created from parts of the towns of Windham and Prattsville in 1848.[4]

When the town was still part of Windham, it was called Scienceville[5] due to there being "some families of more than ordinary education"[6] in the area. When Scienceville became a separate community in 1848, it was renamed Ashland after the estate of Henry Clay.[7]

The presence of hemlock forests led to a tanning industry.[4] Hemlock bark was an important raw material used for leather tanning,[8] due to it being a good source of tannic acid.[9]

However, Ashland suffered a recession in the early 1850s when its tanning industry collapsed after the community exhausted its supply of hemlock bark. Around the same time, the cotton and wool mills lost business due to being located inland, resulting in expensive transportation rates.[7]

In 1890, the population was 560.[citation needed]

A local YMCA was opened on March 29, 1895, but closed due to a lack of support in 1901.[10]

Geography

[edit]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 26.0 square miles (67 km2), all land.

The town is at the northern border of the Catskill Park. The northern town line is the border of Schoharie County.

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18501,290—
18601,212−6.0%
1870992−18.2%
1880899−9.4%
1890787−12.5%
1900692−12.1%
1910640−7.5%
1920560−12.5%
1930482−13.9%
194056617.4%
1950542−4.2%
19605481.1%
1970397−27.6%
198074487.4%
19908037.9%
2000752−6.4%
20107844.3%
2020682−13.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[11][failed verification] 2020[2]

As of the census[12] of 2000, there were 752 people, 304 households, and 214 families residing in the town. The population density was 29.0 inhabitants per square mile (11.2/km2). There were 603 housing units at an average density of 23.2 per square mile (9.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.21% White, 0.53% African American, 0.13% Native American, 0.53% Asian, and 1.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.93% of the population.

There were 304 households, out of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.9% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. 22.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 28.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,357, and the median income for a family was $42,031. Males had a median income of $34,750 versus $28,125 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,029. About 9.8% of families and 15.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.2% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Ashland

[edit]
  • Ashland – The hamlet of Ashland is in the southern part of the town on Route 23. It is located at the edge of the Catskill Park and at the southern town line. An early name for the community was "Scienceville".
  • Batavia Kill – A westward-flowing stream that passes Ashland village.
  • Four Corners – A hamlet on the western town line.
  • North Settlement – A hamlet northeast of Ashland village, located on Route 10 by the eastern town line.
  • West Settlement – A hamlet northwest of Ashland village, located on Route 10.

42°18′13″N 74°20′01″W / 42.30361°N 74.33361°W / 42.30361; -74.33361

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d US Census Bureau, 2020 census, Ashland town, Greene County, New York https://www.census.gov/search-results.html?searchType=web&cssp=SERP&q=Ashland%20town,%20Greene%20County,%20New%20York Accessed, November 6, 2022
  3. ^ "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Ashland town, Greene County, New York". American Factfinder. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved December 29, 2016.[dead link]
  4. ^ a b Hitchcock, O.B. (1884). "History of Greene County New York with Biographical Sketches of its Prominent Men". Rootsweb. Archived from the original on February 9, 2023. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
  5. ^ "History of Windham". townofwindhamny.com. Town of Windham, New York. Retrieved October 12, 2023.
  6. ^ Dodd, Henry Martyn (1903). 1803-1903 Centennial of the Old First Congregational Church, Windham, New York, June 16th, 1903. Windham, NY: Windham Journal Print. p. 40.
  7. ^ a b Dodd 1903, p. 41.
  8. ^ Hergert, Herbert L. (1989). "Hemlock and Spruce Tannins: An Odyssey". Chemistry and Significance of Condensed Tannins. New York, NY: Plenum Press. p. 3. doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-7511-1. ISBN 978-1-4684-7513-5.
  9. ^ Hugh O. Canham (Summer 2011). "Hemlock and Hide: The Tanbark Industry in Old New York". northernwoodlands.org. Northern Woodlands.
  10. ^ Dodd 1903, p. 46.
  11. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  12. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ashland,_Greene_County,_New_York&oldid=1222130423"