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{{short description|Enterprise-class Royal Navy frigate}}
{{otherships|HMS Dido}}
{{other ships|HMS Dido}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=[[File:Capture of Minerve off Toulon.jpg|300px]]
|Ship image=Capture of Minerve off Toulon (cropped).jpg
|Ship caption=''Capture of La Minerve off Toulon, 24 June 1795'' by [[Thomas Whitcombe]]. In the foreground the damaged and dismasted [[French frigate Minerve (1794)|''Minerve'']] duels with HMS ''Dido'', while in the background [[French frigate Artémise (1794)|''Artémise'']] flees, pursued by {{HMS|Lowestoffe|1761|2}}.
|Ship caption=''Capture of La Minerve off Toulon, 24 June 1795'' by [[Thomas Whitcombe]]. In the foreground the damaged and dismasted [[French frigate Minerve (1794)|''Minerve'']] duels with HMS ''Dido'', while in the background [[French frigate Artémise (1794)|''Artémise'']] flees, pursued by {{HMS|Lowestoffe|1761|2}}.
}}
}}
{{Infobox Ship Career
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Hide header=
|Ship country={{nowrap|Great Britain}}
|Ship country=Great Britain
|Ship flag=[[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|60px|RN Ensign]]
|Ship flag=[[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|60px|RN Ensign]]
|Ship name=HMS ''Dido''
|Ship name=HMS ''Dido''
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|Ship ordered=5 June 1782
|Ship ordered=5 June 1782
|Ship awarded=
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder=Joshua Stewart and Mr. Hall<br />[[Sandgate, Kent]]
|Ship builder=*Joshua Stewart and Mr. Hall
*[[Sandgate, Kent]]
|Ship original cost=
|Ship original cost=
|Ship yard number=
|Ship yard number=
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|Ship nickname=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship honours=
|Ship honours=
|Ship honors=[[Naval General Service Medal (1847)|Naval General Service Medal]] with clasp "Dido 24 June 1795"
|Ship honors=*[[Naval General Service Medal (1847)|Naval General Service Medal]] with clasps:
*"Dido 24 June 1795"
*"Egypt"<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=21077|pages=791–792|date=15 March 1850}}</ref>
|Ship captured=
|Ship captured=
|Ship fate=Sold to be broken up, 3 April 1817
|Ship fate=Sold to be broken up, 3 April 1817
|Ship status=
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=
|Ship badge=
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|Ship displacement=
|Ship displacement=
|Ship tons burthen=595 <small>{{fraction|39|94}}</small> ([[Builder's Old Measurement|bm]])
|Ship tons burthen=595 <small>{{fraction|39|94}}</small> ([[Builder's Old Measurement|bm]])
|Ship length={{convert|120|ft|5|in|m|abbr=on}} (gundeck)<br>{{convert|99|ft|3|in|m|abbr=on}} (keel)
|Ship length=*{{convert|120|ft|5|in|m|abbr=on}} (gundeck)
*{{convert|99|ft|3|in|m|abbr=on}} (keel)
|Ship beam={{convert|33|ft|7|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|33|ft|7|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship height=
|Ship height=
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|Ship sensors=
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=Upperdeck: 24 × 9-pounder guns<br/>
|Ship armament=*Upper deck: 24 × 9-pounder guns
[[Quarter deck|QD]]: 4 × 6-pounder guns + 4 x 18-pounder [[carronade]]<br/>
*[[Quarterdeck|QD]]: 4 × 6-pounder guns + 4 × 18-pounder [[carronade]]
[[Forecastle|Fc]]: 2 x 18-pounder carronades
*[[Forecastle|Fc]]: 2 × 18-pounder carronades
|Ship armour=
|Ship armour=
|Ship armor=
|Ship armor=
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|}
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'''HMS ''Dido''''' was one of the twenty-seven [[Enterprise class frigate|''Enterprise'']] class of 28-gun
'''HMS ''Dido''''' was one of the twenty-seven [[Enterprise class frigate|''Enterprise'']] class of 28-gun
[[sixth-rate]] [[frigate]]s in service with the [[Royal Navy]] during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. ''Dido'' was [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] in September 1787 under the command of Captain [[Charles Sandys]]. She participated in a notable action for which her crew would later be awarded the Naval General Service Medal.
[[sixth-rate]] [[frigate]]s in service with the [[Royal Navy]] during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. ''Dido'' was [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] in September 1787 under the command of Captain [[Charles Sandys (captain)|Charles Sandys]]. She participated in a notable action for which her crew would later be awarded the Naval General Service Medal; her participation in a campaign resulted in the award of another. ''Dido'' was sold for breaking up in 1817.


==''Vrai Patriote''==
==''Vrai Patriote''==


On 9 August 1793 ''Dido'' was patrolling off Norway when she encountered a French privateer. She drove the vessel ashore, and Lieutenant Edward Hamilton took a boat and eight men to take possession. The privateer was the ''Vrai Patriote'', of 13 guns and a crew of 45 men, whose crew had set her on fire before escaping ashore. Hamilton and his men extinguished the fire, the setting of which Hamilton considered a "base attempt" as had it been successful it would have deprived the British of prize money. Unwilling to let the matter go, Hamilton and his men pursued the privateers inland and captured 13 of them.<ref name=Lavery>Lavery ''et al''. (2009), p36.</ref> They then brought out the prize, for which prize money was paid in July 1799.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=15163|startpage=760|date=27 July 1799}}</ref>
On 9 August 1793 ''Dido'' was patrolling off Norway when she encountered a French privateer. She drove the vessel ashore, and Lieutenant Edward Hamilton took a boat and eight men to take possession. The privateer was the ''Vrai Patriote'', of 13 guns and a crew of 45 men, whose crew had set her on fire before escaping ashore. Hamilton and his men extinguished the fire, the setting of which Hamilton considered a "base attempt" as had it been successful it would have deprived the British of prize money. Unwilling to let the matter go, Hamilton and his men pursued the privateers inland and captured 13 of them.<ref name=Lavery>Lavery ''et al''. (2009), p36.</ref> The British then brought out the prize, for which prize money was paid in July 1799.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=15163|page=760|date=27 July 1799}}</ref>


Hamilton and his prize crew of two midshipmen and twenty sailors were taking ''Vrai Patriote'' back when they encountered the [[Cutter (boat)|cutter]] {{HMS|Nimble|1781|2}}. ''Nimble'' had been looking for privateer, and not realizing that the British had captured her, attempted to take her. Hamilton hoisted British colors over the French and sent his crew below decks while he attempted to convince ''Nimble'' that the French vessel was now in British hands. ''Nimble'', unconvinced, fired several broadsides into ''Vrai Patriote'' causing damage but no casualties. Eventually ''Nimble'' was convinced and ceased fire. ''Nimble'' herself had suffered casualties when one of her guns burst.<ref name=Lavery/>
Hamilton and his prize crew of two midshipmen and twenty sailors were taking ''Vrai Patriote'' back when they encountered the [[Cutter (boat)|cutter]] {{HMS|Nimble|1781|2}}. ''Nimble'' had been looking for privateer, and not realizing that the ''Dido'' had captured her, attempted to take ''Vrai Patriote''. Hamilton hoisted British colors over the French and sent his crew below decks while he attempted to convince ''Nimble'' that the French vessel was now in British hands. ''Nimble'', unconvinced, fired several broadsides into ''Vrai Patriote'' causing damage but no casualties. Eventually ''Nimble'' was convinced and ceased fire. ''Nimble'' herself suffered casualties when one of her guns burst.<ref name=Lavery/>

''Dido'' was the only ship of the Mediterranean Fleet to exchange fire with French ships during [[Martin's cruise of 1794]], but was unable to prevent the French escaping into [[Golfe-Juan|Gourjean Bay]].

''Dido'' captured ''Révolution'', a French vessel possibly a navy corvette, on 8 October 1794 off [[Imperia|Porto Mauruzio]] between Nice and Genoa.<ref>Winfield and Roberts (2015), p. 178.</ref>

''Dido'' captured the [[xebec]] [[French ship Révolutionnaire (1793)|''Témėraire'']] on 14 March 1795. The Royal Navy took her into service as HMS ''Temeraire'', later renamed to HMS ''Transfer''.{{efn|French records suggest that she was armed with six guns. British records refer to her as a 20-gun cutter.}}


==''Dido'' and ''Lowestoffe'' vs. ''Minerve'' and ''Artemise''==
==''Dido'' and ''Lowestoffe'' vs. ''Minerve'' and ''Artemise''==
{{main|Action of 24 June 1795}}
⚫
Admiral [[William Hotham, 1st Baron Hotham|Hotham]] sent ''Dido'' under Captain [[George Henry Towry]] and {{HMS|Lowestoffe|1761|2}}, a 32-gun [[fifth-rate]] [[sailing frigate|frigate]] under Captain Robert Middleton, to reconnoiter the French fleet at Toulon.<ref name="Goodwin62">{{cite book |last=Goodwin |title=Nelson's Ships |page=62}}</ref> While off [[Menorca]] on 24 June 1795 the two British frigates encountered two French frigates, the 42-gun [[French frigate Minerve (1794)|''Minerve'']] and the 36-gun [[French frigate Artémise (1794)|''Artémise'']].<ref name="Goodwin62"/>


⚫
The French were initially wary, but when they realised that they were larger and stronger than the British vessels, the French captains manoeuvred to attack.<ref name="Goodwin62"/> ''Minerve'' attempted to run down ''Dido'' but when ''Dido'' turned to avoid the impact, ''Minerve''{{'}}s bowsprit became entangled in ''Dido''{{'}}s rigging, costing ''Dido'' her mizzenmast and colours.<ref name="Goodwin62"/> ''Lowestoffe'' came along the port side of ''Minerve'' and her broadside carried away ''Minerve''{{'}}s foremast and topmasts, crippling her.<ref name="Goodwin62"/> ''Lowestoffe'' pursued the retreating [[French frigate Artémise (1794)|''Artémise'']], which eventually escaped. ''Lowestoffe'' returned to ''Minerve'', firing on her until she struck. ''Lowestoffe'' had three men wounded, the ''Dido'' six killed and 15 wounded.<ref name="Goodwin62"/> ''Minerve'' lost about 10 percent of her crew of over 300 men.
⚫
Admiral [[William Hotham, 1st Baron Hotham|Hotham]] sent ''Dido'' under Captain [[George Henry Towry]] and {{HMS|Lowestoffe|1761|2}}, a 32-gun [[fifth-rate]] [[sailing frigate|frigate]] under Captain Robert Middleton, to reconnoiter the French fleet at Toulon.<ref name="Goodwin62">{{cite book |last=Goodwin |title=Nelson's Ships |page=62}}</ref> While off [[Minorca]] on 24 June 1795 the two British frigates encountered two French frigates, the 42-gun [[French frigate Minerve (1794)|''Minerve'']] and the 36-gun [[French frigate Artémise (1794)|''Artémise'']].<ref name="Goodwin62"/>


⚫
The British took ''Minerve'' into service as the 38-gun frigate HMS ''Minerve''. The weight of ''Minerve''{{'}}s broadside alone was greater than that of the two British frigates together, making the battle a notable victory; the [[British Admiralty|Admiralty]] duly awarded the two captains a [[Naval Gold Medal]] each.<ref>Long (1805), pp. 79–81.</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Navy List|author=Royal Navy|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|year=1850|ref=NavyList1850|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wLPEY9cnmK0C|oclc=1604131|page=296}}</ref> In 1847 the Admiralty issued to all surviving claimants from the action the Naval General Service Medal with the clasps "Dido 24 June 1795" and "Lowestoffe 24 June 1795".<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20939|page=238|date=26 January 1849}}</ref>
⚫
The French were initially wary, but when they realised that they were larger and stronger than the British vessels, the French captains manoeuvred to attack.<ref name="Goodwin62"/> ''Minerve'' attempted to run down ''Dido'' but when ''Dido'' turned to avoid the impact, ''Minerve''{{'}}s bowsprit became entangled in ''Dido''{{'}}s rigging, costing ''Dido'' her mizzenmast and colours.<ref name="Goodwin62"/> ''Lowestoffe'' came along the port side of ''Minerve'' and her broadside carried away ''Minerve''{{'}}s foremast and topmasts, crippling her.<ref name="Goodwin62"/> ''Lowestoffe'' pursued the retreating [[French frigate Artémise (1794)|''Artémise'']], which eventually escaped. ''Lowestoffe'' returned to ''Minerve'', firing on her until she struck. ''Lowestoffe'' had three men wounded, the ''Dido'' six killed and 15 wounded.<ref name="Goodwin62"/> ''Minerve'' lost about 10 percent of her crew of over 300 men.


Because ''Dido'' served in the navy's Egyptian campaign between 8 March 1801 and 2 September, her officers and crew qualified for the clasp "Egypt" to the Naval General Service Medal.{{efn|A first-class share of the prize money awarded in April 1823 was worth [[£sd|£]]34 2[[shilling|s]] 4[[pence|d]]; a fifth-class share, that of a seaman, was worth 3s 11½d. The amount was small as the total had to be shared between 79 vessels and the entire army contingent.<ref>{{London Gazette|page=633 |issue=17915|date=3 April 1823}}</ref>}}
⚫
The British took ''Minerve'' into service as the 38-gun frigate HMS ''Minerve''. The weight of ''Minerve''{{'}}s broadside alone was greater than that of the two British frigates together, making the battle a notable victory; the [[Admiralty]] duly awarded the two captains a [[Naval Gold Medal]] each.<ref>Long (1805), pp.79–81.</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Navy List|author=Royal Navy|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|year=1850|ref=NavyList1850|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=wLPEY9cnmK0C|oclc=1604131|page=296}}</ref> In 1847 the Admiralty issued to all surviving claimants from the action the Naval General Service Medal with the clasps "Dido 24 June 1795" and "Lowestoffe 24 June 1795".<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20939|startpage=238|date=26 January 1849}}</ref>


==Fate==
==Fate==
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==Notes==
==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{notelist}}

==Citations==
{{Reflist}}


==References==
==References==
⚫
* Gardiner, Robert (1992) ''The First Frigates''. (London: Conway Maritime Press). {{ISBN|0-85177-601-9}}.
* Goodwin, Peter (2002) ''Nelson's ships: a history of the vessels in which he served, 1771–1805''. (Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-1007-7
* Goodwin, Peter (2002) ''Nelson's ships: a history of the vessels in which he served, 1771–1805''. (Stackpole Books. {{ISBN|978-0-8117-1007-7}}
* Lavery, Brian, Geoff Hunt, Nikolai Tolstoy (2009) ''The Frigate Surprise: The Complete Story of the Ship Made Famous in the Novels of Patrick O'Brian''. (W. W. Norton & Company). ISBN 978039, 3070095
* Lavery, Brian, Geoff Hunt, Nikolai Tolstoy (2009) ''The Frigate Surprise: The Complete Story of the Ship Made Famous in the Novels of Patrick O'Brian''. (W. W. Norton & Company). {{ISBN|978-0-393-07009-5}}
* Long, W.H. (1805) ''Medals of the British Navy and How They were Won''. (London: Norrie and Wilson).
* {{cite book |last1=Long |first1=William H. |year=1895 |title=Medals of the British navy and how they were won: with a list of those officers, who for their gallant conduct were granted honorary swords and plate by the Committee of the Patriotic Fund |location=London |publisher=Norie & Wilson}}
⚫
* Robert Gardiner, ''The First Frigates'', Conway Maritime Press, London 1992. ISBN 0-85177-601-9.
* David Lyon, ''The Sailing Navy List'', Conway Maritime Press, London 1993. ISBN 0-85177-617-5.
* Lyon, David (1993) ''The Sailing Navy List''. (London: Conway Maritime Press). {{ISBN|0-85177-617-5}}.
* Rif Winfield, ''[[British Warships in the Age of Sail]], 1714 to 1792'', Seaforth Publishing, London 2007. ISBN 978-1-84415-700-6.
* {{cite book |first=Rif|last=Winfield|title=British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793&ndash;1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates|publisher=Seaforth|year=2008|isbn=1-86176-246-1}}
* {{cite book|last1=Winfield |first1=Rif|last2=Roberts |first2=Stephen S. |year=2015 |title=French Warships in the Age of Sail 1786–1861: Design Construction, Careers and Fates |publisher=Seaforth Publishing |isbn=978-1-84832-204-2}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|HMS Dido (ship, 1784)|HMS Dido (1784)}}


{{Enterprise class frigate}}
{{Enterprise class frigate}}

Latest revision as of 04:28, 5 May 2024

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Dido.

Capture of La Minerve off Toulon, 24 June 1795 by Thomas Whitcombe. In the foreground the damaged and dismasted Minerve duels with HMS Dido, while in the background Artémise flees, pursued by Lowestoffe.
History
RN EnsignGreat Britain
NameHMS Dido
Ordered5 June 1782
Builder
Laid downSeptember 1782
Launched27 November 1784
Completed15 March 1785
CommissionedSeptember 1787
Honors and
awards
FateSold to be broken up, 3 April 1817
General characteristics
Tons burthen595 39⁄94 (bm)
Length
  • 120 ft 5 in (36.70 m) (gundeck)
  • 99 ft 3 in (30.25 m) (keel)
Beam33 ft 7 in (10.24 m)
Depth of hold11 ft 0 in (3.35 m)
Sail planFull-rigged ship
Complement200 officers and men
Armament
  • Upper deck: 24 × 9-pounder guns
  • QD: 4 × 6-pounder guns + 4 × 18-pounder carronade
  • Fc: 2 × 18-pounder carronades

HMS Dido was one of the twenty-seven Enterprise class of 28-gun sixth-rate frigates in service with the Royal Navy during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Dido was commissioned in September 1787 under the command of Captain Charles Sandys. She participated in a notable action for which her crew would later be awarded the Naval General Service Medal; her participation in a campaign resulted in the award of another. Dido was sold for breaking up in 1817.

Vrai Patriote

[edit]

On 9 August 1793 Dido was patrolling off Norway when she encountered a French privateer. She drove the vessel ashore, and Lieutenant Edward Hamilton took a boat and eight men to take possession. The privateer was the Vrai Patriote, of 13 guns and a crew of 45 men, whose crew had set her on fire before escaping ashore. Hamilton and his men extinguished the fire, the setting of which Hamilton considered a "base attempt" as had it been successful it would have deprived the British of prize money. Unwilling to let the matter go, Hamilton and his men pursued the privateers inland and captured 13 of them.[2] The British then brought out the prize, for which prize money was paid in July 1799.[3]

Hamilton and his prize crew of two midshipmen and twenty sailors were taking Vrai Patriote back when they encountered the cutter Nimble. Nimble had been looking for privateer, and not realizing that the Dido had captured her, attempted to take Vrai Patriote. Hamilton hoisted British colors over the French and sent his crew below decks while he attempted to convince Nimble that the French vessel was now in British hands. Nimble, unconvinced, fired several broadsides into Vrai Patriote causing damage but no casualties. Eventually Nimble was convinced and ceased fire. Nimble herself suffered casualties when one of her guns burst.[2]

Dido was the only ship of the Mediterranean Fleet to exchange fire with French ships during Martin's cruise of 1794, but was unable to prevent the French escaping into Gourjean Bay.

Dido captured Révolution, a French vessel possibly a navy corvette, on 8 October 1794 off Porto Mauruzio between Nice and Genoa.[4]

Dido captured the xebec Témėraire on 14 March 1795. The Royal Navy took her into service as HMS Temeraire, later renamed to HMS Transfer.[a]

Dido and Lowestoffe vs. Minerve and Artemise

[edit]
Main article: Action of 24 June 1795

Admiral Hotham sent Dido under Captain George Henry Towry and Lowestoffe, a 32-gun fifth-rate frigate under Captain Robert Middleton, to reconnoiter the French fleet at Toulon.[5] While off Menorca on 24 June 1795 the two British frigates encountered two French frigates, the 42-gun Minerve and the 36-gun Artémise.[5]

The French were initially wary, but when they realised that they were larger and stronger than the British vessels, the French captains manoeuvred to attack.[5] Minerve attempted to run down Dido but when Dido turned to avoid the impact, Minerve's bowsprit became entangled in Dido's rigging, costing Dido her mizzenmast and colours.[5] Lowestoffe came along the port side of Minerve and her broadside carried away Minerve's foremast and topmasts, crippling her.[5] Lowestoffe pursued the retreating Artémise, which eventually escaped. Lowestoffe returned to Minerve, firing on her until she struck. Lowestoffe had three men wounded, the Dido six killed and 15 wounded.[5] Minerve lost about 10 percent of her crew of over 300 men.

The British took Minerve into service as the 38-gun frigate HMS Minerve. The weight of Minerve's broadside alone was greater than that of the two British frigates together, making the battle a notable victory; the Admiralty duly awarded the two captains a Naval Gold Medal each.[6][7] In 1847 the Admiralty issued to all surviving claimants from the action the Naval General Service Medal with the clasps "Dido 24 June 1795" and "Lowestoffe 24 June 1795".[8]

Because Dido served in the navy's Egyptian campaign between 8 March 1801 and 2 September, her officers and crew qualified for the clasp "Egypt" to the Naval General Service Medal.[b]

Fate

[edit]

Dido was sold to break up on 3 April 1817.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ French records suggest that she was armed with six guns. British records refer to her as a 20-gun cutter.
  2. ^ A first-class share of the prize money awarded in April 1823 was worth £34 2s 4d; a fifth-class share, that of a seaman, was worth 3s 11½d. The amount was small as the total had to be shared between 79 vessels and the entire army contingent.[9]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ "No. 21077". The London Gazette. 15 March 1850. pp. 791–792.
  2. ^ a b Lavery et al. (2009), p36.
  3. ^ "No. 15163". The London Gazette. 27 July 1799. p. 760.
  4. ^ Winfield and Roberts (2015), p. 178.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Goodwin. Nelson's Ships. p. 62.
  6. ^ Long (1805), pp. 79–81.
  7. ^ Royal Navy (1850). The Navy List. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 296. OCLC 1604131.
  8. ^ "No. 20939". The London Gazette. 26 January 1849. p. 238.
  9. ^ "No. 17915". The London Gazette. 3 April 1823. p. 633.

References

[edit]
  • Gardiner, Robert (1992) The First Frigates. (London: Conway Maritime Press). ISBN 0-85177-601-9.
  • Goodwin, Peter (2002) Nelson's ships: a history of the vessels in which he served, 1771–1805. (Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-1007-7
  • Lavery, Brian, Geoff Hunt, Nikolai Tolstoy (2009) The Frigate Surprise: The Complete Story of the Ship Made Famous in the Novels of Patrick O'Brian. (W. W. Norton & Company). ISBN 978-0-393-07009-5
  • Long, William H. (1895). Medals of the British navy and how they were won: with a list of those officers, who for their gallant conduct were granted honorary swords and plate by the Committee of the Patriotic Fund. London: Norie & Wilson.
  • Lyon, David (1993) The Sailing Navy List. (London: Conway Maritime Press). ISBN 0-85177-617-5.
  • Winfield, Rif (2008). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 1-86176-246-1.
  • Winfield, Rif; Roberts, Stephen S. (2015). French Warships in the Age of Sail 1786–1861: Design Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-204-2.
[edit]
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