A-135 anti-ballistic missile system: Difference between revisions

51T6 (ABM-4 *Gorgon*)
51T6 (ABM-4 Gorgon)
	DIA drawing of an SH-08/ABM-3A GAZELLE 53T6 missile launching with Don-2 phased array radar in background
Typ	Anti-ballistic missile
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	1995–present
Used by	Russland
Production history
Designer	NPO Novator Design Bureau
Designed	1978
Produced	1988
No. built	68
Specifications
Mass	33,000–45,000 kg (73,000–100,000 lb)
Length	19.8 m
Diameter	2.57 m
Blast yield	10 kilotonnes of TNT (42 TJ)
Engine	2-stage, solid-fuel
Operational; range	350–900 km
Flight ceiling	350–900 km
Maximum speed	Mach 7 (8,600 km/h; 5,300 mph; 2.4 km/s)
Launch; platform	silo, launcher(?)

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 12:51, 5 May 2024

class=notpageimage|

A-135 ABM system in Moscow Oblast. The black missiles are operational 53T6s, the unfilled missiles are non-operational 51T6s and the dish is the Don-2N radar in Sofrino, which also has a 53T6 complex co-located with it^[4]

The A-135^[5] (NATO: ABM-4 Gorgon) is a Russian anti-ballistic missile system deployed around Moscow to intercept incoming warheads targeting the city or its surrounding areas. The system was designed in the Soviet Union and entered service in 1995. It is a successor to the previous A-35, and complies with the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.^[2]

The system is operated by the 9th Division of Anti-Missile Defence, part of the Air Defence and Missile Defence Command of the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces.^[6]^[7]

History

A memo from the archives of Vitalii Kataev, written around 1985, had envisaged that the system "will be completed in 1987 to provide protection from a strike of 1–2 modern and prospective ICBMs and up to 35 Pershing 2-type intermediate-range missiles".^[8]

The A-135 system attained "alert" (operational) status on February 17, 1995. It is operational although its 51T6 component was deactivated in February 2007. A newer missile (PRS-1M) is expected to replace it.^{[citation needed]} There is an operational test version of the system at the Sary Shagan test site in Kazakhstan.

Testing

In November 2017, a successful test of the 53T6 interceptor was carried out. Target speed up to 3 kilometers per second (53T6 speed 3^[9]), acceleration overload – 100 G, preload maneuvering – 210 G.^[10]

Structure

Baranavichy

Qabala

Balkhash

Irkutsk

Pechora

Olenegorsk

Moscow

class=notpageimage|

A-135 Early Warning Radars

A-135 consists of the Don-2N battle management radar and two types of ABM missiles. It gets its data from the wider Russian early-warning radar network, that are sent to the command centre which then forwards tracking data to the Don-2N radar.^[4] The Don-2N radar is a large battle-management phased array radar with 360° coverage.^[11]^[12] Tests were undertaken at the prototype Don-2NP in Sary Shagan in 2007 to upgrade its software.^[12]^[13]

Russian early-warning radar network consists of:^[14]

Daryal bistatic active phased array early-warning radars
Dnepr/Dnestr space surveillance early-warning radars
Voronezh phased array early-warning radars
US-KMO, US-K and EKS early-warning satellites
Command, control, communications and intelligence services

Deployment

There are at least 68 active launchers of short-range 53T6 endoatmospheric interceptor nuclear armed missiles, 12 or 16 missiles each, deployed at five launch sites. These are tested roughly annually at the Sary Shagan test site.^[15] In addition, 16 retired launchers of long-range 51T6 exoatmospheric interceptor nuclear armed missiles, 8 missiles each, are located at two launch sites.^[4]

Location^[14]	Coordinates ^[4]	Number ^[4]^[14]	Details
Active
Sofrino	56°10′51.97″N 37°47′16.81″E / 56.1811028°N 37.7880028°E / 56.1811028; 37.7880028	12	Co-located with the Don-2N radar
Lytkarino	55°34′39.04″N 37°46′17.67″E / 55.5775111°N 37.7715750°E / 55.5775111; 37.7715750	16
Korolev	55°52′41.09″N 37°53′36.50″E / 55.8780806°N 37.8934722°E / 55.8780806; 37.8934722	12
Skhodnya	55°54′04.11″N 37°18′28.30″E / 55.9011417°N 37.3078611°E / 55.9011417; 37.3078611	16
Vnukovo	55°37′32.45″N 37°23′22.41″E / 55.6256806°N 37.3895583°E / 55.6256806; 37.3895583	12
Retired
Sergiyev Posad-15	56°14′33.01″N 38°34′27.29″E / 56.2425028°N 38.5742472°E / 56.2425028; 38.5742472	8	Site was also used in the A-35 system
Naro-Fominsk-10	55°21′01.16″N 36°28′59.60″E / 55.3503222°N 36.4832222°E / 55.3503222; 36.4832222	8	Site was also used in the A-35 system

Successor (A-235)

The successor system, dubbed 'Samolet-M' (and more recently A-235) will employ a new, conventional, variant of the 53T6 missile to be deployed in the former 51T6 silos.^[16]^[17]^[18] The new PRS-1M is a modernized variant of the PRS-1 (53T6) and can use nuclear or conventional warheads. It can hit targets at ranges of 350 km and altitudes of 50 km.^[19]

Gallery

ABM missile silo under snow, transporter for 53Т6 missile in background
Transporter for 51Т6 missile
Don-2N anti-ballistic missile radar

References

^ ^a ^b "51T6". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 2015-09-16. Retrieved 2015-11-10.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Система А-135 ракета 51Т6 – ABM-4 GORGON". militaryrussia.ru. Archived from the original on 2015-11-27. Retrieved 2015-11-10.
^ O'Connor, Sean (12 December 2009). "Russian/Soviet Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems". Air Power Australia. p. 1. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e O'Connor, Sean (2012). "Russian/Soviet Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems". Air Power Australia. p. 1. Archived from the original on 2016-09-23. Retrieved 2012-04-30.
^ ARBATOV, ALEXEY; DVORKIN, VLADIMIR; TOPYCHKANOV, PETR; ZHAO, TONG; BIN, LI (2017). "ENTANGLEMENT AS A NEW SECURITY THREAT: A RUSSIAN PERSPECTIVE". Entanglement: 11–46.
^ "Air space defence troops". BE: Warfare. Archived from the original on 31 March 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
^ Stukalin, Alexander (May 2012). "Russian Air and Space Defense Troops: Gaping Holes". Moscow Defense Brief (2). Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies. Archived from the original on 2012-07-04. Retrieved 2012-06-17.
^ Podvig, Pavel (23 October 2012). "Very modest expectations: Performance of Moscow missile defense". Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Archived from the original on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
^ "Эксперты рассказали о возможностях новой российской ракеты ПРО". 24 November 2017. Archived from the original on 24 November 2017. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
^ "Обнародовано видео испытаний новой российской противоракеты". 24 November 2017. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
^ "Don-2NP Pill Box". Global Security. Archived from the original on 2007-06-13. Retrieved 2007-06-12.
^ ^a ^b Podvig, Pavel (2007-12-29). "Russia is modernizing the Don-2N radar". Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Archived from the original on 2012-03-08. Retrieved 2012-02-01.
^ Bukharin, Oleg; Kadyshev, Timur; Miasnikov, Eugene; Podvig, Pavel; Sutyagin, Igor; Tarashenko, Maxim; Zhelezov, Boris (2001). Podvig, Pavel (ed.). Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-16202-4.
^ ^a ^b ^c Podvig, Pavel (2012-01-30). "Early Warning". Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Archived from the original on 12 January 2013. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
^ Podvig, Pavel (2011-12-20). "Test of a missile defense interceptor". Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Archived from the original on 2012-02-14. Retrieved 2012-04-30.
^ Honkova, Jana (April 2013). "Current Developments in Russia's Ballistic Missile Defense" (PDF). George C. Marshall Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-04-26. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
^ "A-235 Samolet-M". George C. Marshall Institute. n.d. Archived from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
^ Russia Revamps Missile Defenses Around Moscow Archived 2014-07-24 at the Wayback Machine MOSCOW, September 17, 2012 (RIA Novosti)
^ @DFRLab (1 December 2017). "#PutinAtWar: New Russian Anti-Ballistic Missile". Archived from the original on 5 March 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2018.

External links

"Test launch", Function (video) (in Russian), RU, 2011{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link).
"DON-2N photos", Military legacy of the USSR, English Russia, 2012-12-29.

[astronautix.com-1] "51T6". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 2015-09-16. Retrieved 2015-11-10.

[militaryrussia.ru-2] "Система А-135 ракета 51Т6 – ABM-4 GORGON". militaryrussia.ru. Archived from the original on 2015-11-27. Retrieved 2015-11-10.

[3] O'Connor, Sean (12 December 2009). "Russian/Soviet Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems". Air Power Australia. p. 1. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2015.

[SoC-ABM-4] O'Connor, Sean (2012). "Russian/Soviet Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems". Air Power Australia. p. 1. Archived from the original on 2016-09-23. Retrieved 2012-04-30.

[5] ARBATOV, ALEXEY; DVORKIN, VLADIMIR; TOPYCHKANOV, PETR; ZHAO, TONG; BIN, LI (2017). "ENTANGLEMENT AS A NEW SECURITY THREAT: A RUSSIAN PERSPECTIVE". Entanglement: 11–46.

[warfare-6] "Air space defence troops". BE: Warfare. Archived from the original on 31 March 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2012.

[mdb-7] Stukalin, Alexander (May 2012). "Russian Air and Space Defense Troops: Gaping Holes". Moscow Defense Brief (2). Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies. Archived from the original on 2012-07-04. Retrieved 2012-06-17.

[8] Podvig, Pavel (23 October 2012). "Very modest expectations: Performance of Moscow missile defense". Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Archived from the original on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2013.

[9] "Эксперты рассказали о возможностях новой российской ракеты ПРО". 24 November 2017. Archived from the original on 24 November 2017. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

[10] "Обнародовано видео испытаний новой российской противоракеты". 24 November 2017. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

[gs-don-11] "Don-2NP Pill Box". Global Security. Archived from the original on 2007-06-13. Retrieved 2007-06-12.

[podvig-don-12] Podvig, Pavel (2007-12-29). "Russia is modernizing the Don-2N radar". Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Archived from the original on 2012-03-08. Retrieved 2012-02-01.

[PodvigBook-13] Bukharin, Oleg; Kadyshev, Timur; Miasnikov, Eugene; Podvig, Pavel; Sutyagin, Igor; Tarashenko, Maxim; Zhelezov, Boris (2001). Podvig, Pavel (ed.). Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-16202-4.

[podvig-sprn-14] Podvig, Pavel (2012-01-30). "Early Warning". Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Archived from the original on 12 January 2013. Retrieved 24 March 2012.

[podvig-test-15] Podvig, Pavel (2011-12-20). "Test of a missile defense interceptor". Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Archived from the original on 2012-02-14. Retrieved 2012-04-30.

[missilet-16] Honkova, Jana (April 2013). "Current Developments in Russia's Ballistic Missile Defense" (PDF). George C. Marshall Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-04-26. Retrieved 9 June 2013.

[missilet2-17] "A-235 Samolet-M". George C. Marshall Institute. n.d. Archived from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2013.

[18] Russia Revamps Missile Defenses Around Moscow Archived 2014-07-24 at the Wayback Machine MOSCOW, September 17, 2012 (RIA Novosti)

[19] @DFRLab (1 December 2017). "#PutinAtWar: New Russian Anti-Ballistic Missile". Archived from the original on 5 March 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2018.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 |number=68
 |variants=
-|weight=33,000-45,000kg (73,000-100,000lb)
+|weight=33,000–45,000 kg (73,000–100,000 lb)
-|length=19.8 m<ref name="astronautix.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/51t6.htm|title=Encyclopedia Astronautica Index: 1|website=www.astronautix.com|access-date=2015-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916034427/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/51t6.htm|archive-date=2015-09-16|url-status = live}}</ref>
+|length=19.8 m<ref name="astronautix.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/51t6.htm|title=51T6|website=www.astronautix.com|access-date=2015-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916034427/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/51t6.htm|archive-date=2015-09-16|url-status = dead}}</ref>
 |height=
-|diameter=2.57m<ref name="astronautix.com"/><ref name="militaryrussia.ru">{{cite web|url=http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-345.html|title=Система А-135 ракета 51Т6 - ABM-4 GORGON - MilitaryRussia.Ru — отечественная военная техника (после 1945г.)|website=militaryrussia.ru|access-date=2015-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127060701/http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-345.html|archive-date=2015-11-27|url-status = live}}</ref>
+|diameter=2.57 m<ref name="astronautix.com"/><ref name="militaryrussia.ru">{{cite web |url=http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-345.html |title=Система А-135 ракета 51Т6 – ABM-4 GORGON |website=militaryrussia.ru |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127060701/http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-345.html |archive-date=2015-11-27 |url-status=live}}</ref>
 |speed= {{convert|7|Mach|lk=in|km/h mph km/s}}
-|engine=2-stage solid fuel
+|engine=2-stage, solid-fuel
-|vehicle_range=350-900km<ref name="militaryrussia.ru"/>
+|vehicle_range=350–900 km<ref name="militaryrussia.ru"/>
-|ceiling=350-900km
+|ceiling=350–900 km
+|yield= {{convert|10|ktTNT|TJ}}
-|yield= Nuclear warhead equivalent to 10 kilotons of TNT
-|launch_platform=silo, launcher(?)<ref name="militaryrussia.ru"/><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-ABM-Systems.html#mozTocId700952|title=Russian/Soviet Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems|first=O'Connor|last=Sean|date=12 December 2009|publisher=|journal=|access-date=10 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121053912/http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-ABM-Systems.html#mozTocId700952|archive-date=21 November 2015|url-status = live}}</ref>
+|launch_platform=silo, launcher(?)<ref name="militaryrussia.ru"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-ABM-Systems.html#mozTocId700952|title=Russian/Soviet Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems|first=Sean |last=O'Connor|website=Air Power Australia|date=12 December 2009|pages=1|access-date=10 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121053912/http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-ABM-Systems.html#mozTocId700952|archive-date=21 November 2015|url-status = live}}</ref>
 }}
 {{Location map+
@@ Line 117: / Line 117: @@
 | lon_deg    =37 | lon_min    =46 | lon_sec    =8.76 | lon_dir    =E}}
 }}
-The '''A-135''' ([[NATO reporting name|NATO]]: '''ABM-3 Gorgon''') is a Russian [[anti-ballistic missile]] system deployed around [[Moscow]] to intercept incoming warheads targeting the city or its surrounding areas. The system was designed in the [[Soviet Union]] and entered service in 1995. It is a successor to the previous [[A-35 anti-ballistic missile system|A-35]], and complies with the 1972 [[Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2019}}
+The '''A-135'''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=ARBATOV |first1=ALEXEY |last2=DVORKIN |first2=VLADIMIR |last3=TOPYCHKANOV |first3=PETR |last4=ZHAO |first4=TONG |last5=BIN |first5=LI |date=2017 |title=ENTANGLEMENT AS A NEW SECURITY THREAT: A RUSSIAN PERSPECTIVE |journal=Entanglement |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep26908.6 |pages=11–46}}</ref> ([[NATO reporting name|NATO]]: '''ABM-4 Gorgon''') is a Russian [[anti-ballistic missile]] system deployed around [[Moscow]] to intercept incoming warheads targeting the city or its surrounding areas. The system was designed in the [[Soviet Union]] and entered service in 1995. It is a successor to the previous [[A-35 anti-ballistic missile system|A-35]], and complies with the 1972 [[Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty]].<ref name="militaryrussia.ru"/>
-The system is operated by the 9th Division of Anti-Missile Defence, part of the [[Air Defence and Missile Defence Command]] of the [[Russian Aerospace Defence Forces]].<ref name=warfare/><ref name="mdb" />
+The system is operated by the 9th Division of Anti-Missile Defence, part of the Air Defence and Missile Defence Command of the [[Russian Aerospace Defence Forces]].<ref name=warfare/><ref name="mdb" />
 ==History==
-A memo from the archives of [[Vitalii Leonidovich Kataev]], written around 1985, had envisaged that the system "will be completed in 1987 to provide protection from a strike of 1–2 modern and prospective [[ICBM]]s and up to 35 [[Pershing 2]]-type intermediate-range missiles".<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://russianforces.org/blog/2012/10/very_modest_expectations_sovie.shtml |title=Very modest expectations: Performance of Moscow missile defense |first=Pavel |last=Podvig |date=23 October 2012 |journal=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces |access-date=10 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526011744/http://russianforces.org/blog/2012/10/very_modest_expectations_sovie.shtml |archive-date=26 May 2013 |url-status = live}}</ref>
+A memo from the archives of Vitalii Kataev, written around 1985, had envisaged that the system "will be completed in 1987 to provide protection from a strike of 1–2 modern and prospective [[ICBM]]s and up to 35 [[Pershing 2]]-type intermediate-range missiles".<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://russianforces.org/blog/2012/10/very_modest_expectations_sovie.shtml |title=Very modest expectations: Performance of Moscow missile defense |first=Pavel |last=Podvig |date=23 October 2012 |journal=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces |access-date=10 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526011744/http://russianforces.org/blog/2012/10/very_modest_expectations_sovie.shtml |archive-date=26 May 2013 |url-status = live}}</ref>
-The A-135 system attained "alert" (operational) status on February 17, 1995. It is operational although its [[51T6]] component was deactivated in February 2007. A newer missile (PRS-1M)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rt.com/news/418519-russia-tests-interceptor-missile/|title=Russia tests anti-ballistic missile meant to protect Moscow from nukes (VIDEO)|publisher=|access-date=2018-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305202711/https://www.rt.com/news/418519-russia-tests-interceptor-missile/|archive-date=2018-03-05|url-status = live}}</ref> is expected to replace it. There is an operational test version of the system at the [[Sary Shagan]] test site in [[Kazakhstan]].
+The A-135 system attained "alert" (operational) status on February 17, 1995. It is operational although its 51T6 component was deactivated in February 2007. A newer missile (PRS-1M) is expected to replace it.{{cn|date=December 2020}} There is an operational test version of the system at the [[Sary Shagan]] test site in [[Kazakhstan]].
 ===Testing===
-In November 2017, a successful test of the 53T6 interceptor was carried out. Target speed 7 kilometers per second (53T6 speed 3<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rg.ru/2017/11/24/eksperty-rasskazali-o-vozmozhnostiah-novoj-rossijskoj-rakety-pro.html |title=Эксперты рассказали о возможностях новой российской ракеты ПРО |date=24 November 2017 |publisher= |access-date=24 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124115841/https://rg.ru/2017/11/24/eksperty-rasskazali-o-vozmozhnostiah-novoj-rossijskoj-rakety-pro.html |archive-date=24 November 2017 |url-status = live}}</ref>), acceleration overload – 100 G, preload maneuvering – 210 G.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rg.ru/2017/11/24/obnarodovano-video-ispytanij-novoj-rossijskoj-protivorakety.html |title=Обнародовано видео испытаний новой российской противоракеты |date=24 November 2017 |publisher= |access-date=24 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032906/https://rg.ru/2017/11/24/obnarodovano-video-ispytanij-novoj-rossijskoj-protivorakety.html |archive-date=1 December 2017 |url-status = live}}</ref>
+In November 2017, a successful test of the [[53T6]] interceptor was carried out. Target speed up to 3 kilometers per second (53T6 speed 3<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rg.ru/2017/11/24/eksperty-rasskazali-o-vozmozhnostiah-novoj-rossijskoj-rakety-pro.html |title=Эксперты рассказали о возможностях новой российской ракеты ПРО |date=24 November 2017 |access-date=24 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124115841/https://rg.ru/2017/11/24/eksperty-rasskazali-o-vozmozhnostiah-novoj-rossijskoj-rakety-pro.html |archive-date=24 November 2017 |url-status = live}}</ref>), acceleration overload – 100 G, preload maneuvering – 210 G.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rg.ru/2017/11/24/obnarodovano-video-ispytanij-novoj-rossijskoj-protivorakety.html |title=Обнародовано видео испытаний новой российской противоракеты |date=24 November 2017 |access-date=24 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032906/https://rg.ru/2017/11/24/obnarodovano-video-ispytanij-novoj-rossijskoj-protivorakety.html |archive-date=1 December 2017 |url-status = live}}</ref>
 ==Structure==
 {{Location map many | Russia
-| AlternativeMap = Russia edcp location map.svg
+| AlternativeMap = Russia administrative location map.svg
 | width = 300
 | float = right
@@ Line 164: / Line 164: @@
 | lon7_deg= 37 | lon7_min=45 | lon7_sec=54| lon7_dir=E}}
-A-135 consists of the Don-2N battle management radar and two types of ABM missiles. It gets its data from the wider Russian [[early-warning radar]] network, that are sent to the command centre which then forwards tracking data to the Don-2N radar.<ref name="SoC-ABM" /> The [[Don-2N radar]] is a large battle-management [[phased array]] radar with 360° coverage.<ref name= "gs-don" /><ref name= "podvig-don"/> Tests were undertaken at the prototype Don-2NP in Sary Shagan in 2007 to upgrade its software.<ref name= "podvig-don" /><ref name = "PodvigBook" />
+A-135 consists of the Don-2N battle management radar and two types of ABM missiles. It gets its data from the wider Russian [[early-warning radar]] network, that are sent to the command centre which then forwards tracking data to the Don-2N radar.<ref name="SoC-ABM" /> The [[Don-2N radar]] is a large battle-management [[phased array]] radar with 360° coverage.<ref name="gs-don" /><ref name="podvig-don"/> Tests were undertaken at the prototype Don-2NP in Sary Shagan in 2007 to upgrade its software.<ref name="podvig-don" /><ref name = "PodvigBook" />
 Russian early-warning radar network consists of:<ref name="podvig-sprn"/>
@@ Line 175: / Line 175: @@
 ===Deployment===
-There is at least 68 active launchers of short-range [[53T6]] endoatmospheric interceptor nuclear-tipped missiles, 12 or 16 missiles each, deployed at five launch sites. These are tested roughly annually at the Sary Shagan test site.<ref name="podvig-test" /> In addition, 16 retired launchers of long-range [[51T6]] exoatmospheric interceptor nuclear-tipped missiles, 8 missiles each, are located at two launch sites.<ref name="SoC-ABM"/>
+There are at least 68 active launchers of short-range [[53T6]] endoatmospheric interceptor nuclear armed missiles, 12 or 16 missiles each, deployed at five launch sites. These are tested roughly annually at the Sary Shagan test site.<ref name="podvig-test" /> In addition, 16 retired launchers of long-range [[51T6]] exoatmospheric interceptor nuclear armed missiles, 8 missiles each, are located at two launch sites.<ref name="SoC-ABM"/>
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 199: / Line 199: @@
 |}
-==Successor==
+==Successor (A-235)==
-The successor system, dubbed 'Samolet-M' (and more recently [[A-235 anti-ballistic missile system|A-235]]) will employ a new, conventional, variant of the 53T6 missile to be deployed in the former 51T6 silos.<ref name="missilet"/><ref name="missilet2"/><ref>[http://en.ria.ru/military_news/20120917/176013705.html Russia Revamps Missile Defenses Around Moscow] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724172605/http://en.ria.ru/military_news/20120917/176013705.html |date=2014-07-24 }} MOSCOW, September 17, 2012 ([[RIA Novosti]])</ref> The new PRS-1M is a modernized variant of the PRS-1 (53T6) and can use nuclear or conventional warheads. It can hit targets at ranges of 350&nbsp;km and altitudes of 50&nbsp;km.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://medium.com/dfrlab/putinatwar-new-russian-anti-ballistic-missile-4a4194870e0d|title=#PutinAtWar: New Russian Anti-Ballistic Missile|last=@DFRLab|date=1 December 2017|publisher=|access-date=5 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305202823/https://medium.com/dfrlab/putinatwar-new-russian-anti-ballistic-missile-4a4194870e0d|archive-date=5 March 2018|url-status = live}}</ref>
+The successor system, dubbed 'Samolet-M' (and more recently [[A-235 anti-ballistic missile system|A-235]]) will employ a new, conventional, variant of the 53T6 missile to be deployed in the former 51T6 silos.<ref name="missilet"/><ref name="missilet2"/><ref>[http://en.ria.ru/military_news/20120917/176013705.html Russia Revamps Missile Defenses Around Moscow] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724172605/http://en.ria.ru/military_news/20120917/176013705.html |date=2014-07-24 }} MOSCOW, September 17, 2012 ([[RIA Novosti]])</ref> The new PRS-1M is a modernized variant of the PRS-1 (53T6) and can use nuclear or conventional warheads. It can hit targets at ranges of 350&nbsp;km and altitudes of 50&nbsp;km.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://medium.com/dfrlab/putinatwar-new-russian-anti-ballistic-missile-4a4194870e0d|title=#PutinAtWar: New Russian Anti-Ballistic Missile|last=@DFRLab|date=1 December 2017|access-date=5 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305202823/https://medium.com/dfrlab/putinatwar-new-russian-anti-ballistic-missile-4a4194870e0d|archive-date=5 March 2018|url-status = live}}</ref>
 ==Gallery==
 <gallery>
-File:Anti-MissileExercise2018-12.jpg|thumb|ABM missile silo under snow, transporter for 53Т6 missile in background
+File:Anti-MissileExercise2018-12.jpg|ABM missile silo under snow, transporter for 53Т6 missile in background
-File:Anti-MissileExercise2018-13.jpg|thumb|Transporter for 51Т6 missile
+File:Anti-MissileExercise2018-13.jpg|Transporter for 51Т6 missile
-File:Anti-MissileExercise2018-05.jpg|thumb|Don-2N anti-ballistic missile radar
+File:Anti-MissileExercise2018-05.jpg|Don-2N anti-ballistic missile radar
 </gallery>
 ==See also==
-* [[Main Centre for Missile Attack Warning]]
+* {{lwc|Main Centre for Missile Attack Warning|property=P17}}
-* [[A-35 anti-ballistic missile system]]
+* {{lwc|A-35 anti-ballistic missile system|property=P17}}
-* [[A-235 anti-ballistic missile system]]
+* {{lwc|A-235 anti-ballistic missile system}}
-* [[Ground-Based Midcourse Defense]]
+* {{lwc|Ground-Based Midcourse Defense}}
+* [[Comparison of anti-ballistic missile systems]]
 ==References==
 {{Reflist|30em|refs=
 <ref name="gs-don">{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/pill_box.htm |title=Don-2NP Pill Box |publisher=Global Security |access-date=2007-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613100112/http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/pill_box.htm |archive-date=2007-06-13 |url-status = live}}</ref>
-<ref name="podvig-don">{{cite web |url= http://russianforces.org/blog/2007/12/russia_is_modernizing_the_don2.shtml |title= Russia is modernizing the Don-2N radar |publisher= Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces |date= 2007-12-29 |access-date= 2012-02-01 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120308042713/http://russianforces.org/blog/2007/12/russia_is_modernizing_the_don2.shtml |archive-date= 2012-03-08 |url-status = live}}</ref>
+<ref name="podvig-don">{{cite journal |url= http://russianforces.org/blog/2007/12/russia_is_modernizing_the_don2.shtml |title= Russia is modernizing the Don-2N radar |journal= Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces |date= 2007-12-29 |access-date= 2012-02-01 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120308042713/http://russianforces.org/blog/2007/12/russia_is_modernizing_the_don2.shtml |archive-date= 2012-03-08 |url-status = live|last1= Podvig |first1= Pavel }}</ref>
-<ref name="SoC-ABM">{{Cite web | url = http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-ABM-Systems.html#mozTocId371125 | title = Russian/Soviet Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems | accessdate = 2012-04-30 | first = Sean | last = O'Connor | year = 2012 | publisher = Air Power Australia | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160923042139/http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-ABM-Systems.html#mozTocId371125 | archive-date = 2016-09-23 |url-status = live}}</ref>
+<ref name="SoC-ABM">{{Cite web | url = http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-ABM-Systems.html#mozTocId371125 | title = Russian/Soviet Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems | access-date = 2012-04-30 | first = Sean | last = O'Connor | year = 2012 | pages = 1 | publisher = Air Power Australia | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160923042139/http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-ABM-Systems.html#mozTocId371125 | archive-date = 2016-09-23 |url-status = live}}</ref>
-<ref name="PodvigBook">{{Cite book | last = Bukharin | first = Oleg | last2 = Kadyshev | first2 = Timur | last3 = Miasnikov | first3 = Eugene | last4 = Podvig | first4 = Pavel | last5 = Sutyagin | first5 = Igor | last6 = Tarashenko | first6 = Maxim | last7 = Zhelezov | first7 = Boris | editor1-last = Podvig | editor1-first = Pavel | title = Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces | year = 2001 | isbn = 0-262-16202-4 | publisher = MIT Press | location = Cambridge, [[Massachusetts|MA]]}}</ref>
+<ref name="PodvigBook">{{Cite book | last1 = Bukharin | first1 = Oleg | last2 = Kadyshev | first2 = Timur | last3 = Miasnikov | first3 = Eugene | last4 = Podvig | first4 = Pavel | last5 = Sutyagin | first5 = Igor | last6 = Tarashenko | first6 = Maxim | last7 = Zhelezov | first7 = Boris | editor1-last = Podvig | editor1-first = Pavel | title = Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces | year = 2001 | isbn = 0-262-16202-4 | publisher = MIT Press | location = Cambridge, [[Massachusetts|MA]]}}</ref>
-<ref name="podvig-test">{{cite web |url= http://russianforces.org/blog/2011/12/test_of_a_missile_defense_inte.shtml |title= Test of a missile defense interceptor |publisher= Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces |date= 2011-12-20 |access-date= 2012-04-30 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120214044936/http://russianforces.org/blog/2011/12/test_of_a_missile_defense_inte.shtml |archive-date= 2012-02-14 |url-status = live}}</ref>
+<ref name="podvig-test">{{cite journal |url= http://russianforces.org/blog/2011/12/test_of_a_missile_defense_inte.shtml |title= Test of a missile defense interceptor |journal= Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces |date= 2011-12-20 |access-date= 2012-04-30 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120214044936/http://russianforces.org/blog/2011/12/test_of_a_missile_defense_inte.shtml |archive-date= 2012-02-14 |url-status = live|last1= Podvig |first1= Pavel }}</ref>
-<ref name="podvig-sprn">{{cite web|url=http://russianforces.org/sprn/|title=Early Warning|publisher=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces|first=Pavel|last=Podvig|date=2012-01-30|accessdate=24 March 2012|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6CcArXfqr?url=http://russianforces.org/sprn/|archive-date=2 December 2012|url-status = live}}</ref>
+<ref name="podvig-sprn">{{cite web|url=http://russianforces.org/sprn/|title=Early Warning|publisher=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces|first=Pavel|last=Podvig|date=2012-01-30|access-date=24 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112211124/http://russianforces.org/sprn/|archive-date=12 January 2013|url-status = live}}</ref>
-<ref name=warfare>{{cite web | url = http://warfare.be/?catid=239&linkid=2243&title=air-space-defence-troops | title = Air space defence troops | publisher = Warfare | location = BE | accessdate = 17 June 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170331150337/http://warfare.be/?catid=239&linkid=2243&title=air-space-defence-troops | archive-date = 31 March 2017 |url-status = live}}</ref>
+<ref name=warfare>{{cite web | url = http://warfare.be/?catid=239&linkid=2243&title=air-space-defence-troops | title = Air space defence troops | publisher = Warfare | location = BE | access-date = 17 June 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170331150337/http://warfare.be/?catid=239&linkid=2243&title=air-space-defence-troops | archive-date = 31 March 2017 |url-status = live}}</ref>
 <ref name="mdb">{{Cite journal | first = Alexander | last = Stukalin | date = May 2012 | title = Russian Air and Space Defense Troops: Gaping Holes | journal = Moscow Defense Brief | issue = 2 | publisher = Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies | url = http://mdb.cast.ru/mdb/2-2012/ | access-date = 2012-06-17 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120704082829/http://mdb.cast.ru/mdb/2-2012/ | archive-date = 2012-07-04 |url-status = live}}</ref>
-<ref name="missilet">{{cite web|url=http://missilethreat.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Russian-BMD-April-13.pdf|title=Current Developments in Russia's Ballistic Missile Defense|publisher=George C. Marshall Institute|first=Jana|last=Honkova|date=April 2013|accessdate=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426201121/http://missilethreat.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Russian-BMD-April-13.pdf|archive-date=2014-04-26|url-status = dead|df=}}</ref>
+<ref name="missilet">{{cite web|url=http://missilethreat.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Russian-BMD-April-13.pdf|title=Current Developments in Russia's Ballistic Missile Defense|publisher=George C. Marshall Institute|first=Jana|last=Honkova|date=April 2013|access-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426201121/http://missilethreat.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Russian-BMD-April-13.pdf|archive-date=2014-04-26|url-status = dead}}</ref>
-<ref name="missilet2">{{cite web|url=http://missilethreat.com/defense-systems/a-235-samolet-m/|title=A-235 Samolet-M|publisher=George C. Marshall Institute|date=n.d.|accessdate=9 June 2013|url-status = dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132354/http://missilethreat.com/defense-systems/a-235-samolet-m/|archivedate=1 June 2013|df=}}
+<ref name="missilet2">{{cite web|url=http://missilethreat.com/defense-systems/a-235-samolet-m/|title=A-235 Samolet-M|publisher=George C. Marshall Institute|date=n.d.|access-date=9 June 2013|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132354/http://missilethreat.com/defense-systems/a-235-samolet-m/|archive-date=1 June 2013}}
 </ref>
 }}
@@ Line 232: / Line 233: @@
 ==External links==
 {{Commons category|A-135}}
-* {{Citation | url = http://www.function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.htm?id=10855326@egNews | type = video | year = 2011 | contribution = Test launch | language = Russian | title = Function | place = [[Russia|RU]]}}.
+* {{Citation | url = http://www.function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.htm?id=10855326@egNews | type = video | year = 2011 | contribution = Test launch | language = ru | title = Function | place = [[Russia|RU]]}}.
 * {{Citation | url = http://englishrussia.com/2011/12/29/military-legacy-of-the-ussr/ | contribution = DON-2N photos | title = Military legacy of the USSR | publisher = English Russia | date = 2012-12-29}}.
+{{USAF/DoD reporting names}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:A-135 Anti-Ballistic Missile System}}
@@ Line 240: / Line 243: @@
 [[Category:Missile defense]]
 [[Category:NPO Novator products]]
+[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1990s]]