Jump to content

Wildland fire emission: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
internal links and appropriate citations
case fix
 
(19 intermediate revisions by 18 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
[[Wildland fire]] and wildland fire atmospheric emissions have been a part of the global [[biosphere]] for [[millennia]] Pyne 1995). The major wildland fire emissions include [[greenhouse gasses]] and several [[criteria pollutants]] that impact human health and welfare (National Research Council 2004):
[[Wildland fire]] and '''wildland fire atmospheric emissions''' have been a part of the global [[biosphere]] for [[millennia]].<ref>Pyne, S.J. 1995. World fire: The culture of fire on earth. University of Washington Press. 384 pp. {{ISBN|0-295-97593-8}}</ref> The major wildland fire emissions include [[greenhouse gases]] and several [[criteria pollutants]] that impact human health and welfare.:<ref>National Research Council: Committee on Air Quality Management in the United States, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Division on Earth and Life Studies (2004). Air Quality Management in the United States. National Academies Press. {{ISBN|0-309-08932-8}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Emissions
! Emissions
! Grams of Emission / Kilogram of Fuel Burned
! Grams of emission / kilogram of fuel burned
! Percentage
! Percentage
|-
|-
| [[Carbon Dioxide]] ||1564.8|| 71.44%
| [[Carbon dioxide]] ||1564.8|| 71.44%
|-
|-
| [[Water]]|| 459.2 ||20.97%
| [[Water]]|| 459.2 ||20.97%
|-
|-
| [[Carbon Monoxide]] ||120.9 || 5.52%
| [[Carbon monoxide]] ||120.9 || 5.52%
|-
|-
|[[Particulate Matter]] &lt;2.5μ || 10.3 || 0.47%
|[[Atmospheric particulate matter]] &lt;2.5μ || 10.3 || 0.47%
|-
|-
| [[Nitric Oxide]] || 8.5 || 0.39%
| [[Nitric oxide]] || 8.5 || 0.39%
|-
|-
| [[Methane]] || 5.9 ||0.27%
| [[Methane]] || 5.9 ||0.27%
|-
|-
| [[Volatile Organic Compounds]] || 5.2|| 0.24%
| [[Volatile organic compounds]] || 5.2|| 0.24%
|-
|-
| Organic [[Carbon]]|| 5.2|| 0.24%
| Organic [[carbon]]|| 5.2|| 0.24%
|-
|-
| Non-methane [[Hydrocarbon]]|| 4.3|| 0.20%
| Non-methane [[hydrocarbon]]|| 4.3|| 0.20%
|-
|-
| [[Particulate Matter]] > 10μ ||3.8 ||0.17%
| [[Atmospheric particulate matter|Particulate matter]] > 10μ ||3.8 ||0.17%
|-
|-
| [[Particulate Matter]] &lt;10μ and &gt;2.5μ || 1.9 ||0.09%
| [[Atmospheric particulate matter|Particulate matter]] &lt;10μ and &gt;2.5μ || 1.9 ||0.09%
|-
|-
| Elemental [[Carbon]] ||0.4 || 0.02%
| Elemental [[carbon]] ||0.4 || 0.02%
|}
|}


Compared to the preindustrial era, wildland land fire in the [[conterminous U.S.]] has been reduced 90 percent with proportional reductions in wildland fire emissions. Land use changes ([[agricultur]]e and [[urbanization]]) are responsible for roughly 50 percent of this decrease, and land management decisions (land [[fragmentation]], [[suppression]] actions, etc.) are responsible for the remainder. [[Anthropogenic]] activities (e.g., [[industrial production]], [[transportation]], [[agriculture]], etc.) today have more than replaced the lost preindustrial wildland fire atmospheric emissions Leenhouts 1998).
Compared to the preindustrial era, wildland land fire in the [[conterminous U.S.]] has been reduced 90 percent with proportional reductions in wildland fire emissions. Land use changes ([[agriculture]] and [[urbanization]]) are responsible for roughly 50 percent of this decrease, and land management decisions (land [[habitat fragmentation|fragmentation]], [[Wildfire suppression|suppression]] actions, etc.) are responsible for the remainder. [[human impact on the environment|Anthropogenic]] activities (e.g., [[industrial production]], [[transportation]], [[agriculture]], etc.) today have more than replaced the lost preindustrial wildland fire atmospheric emissions.<ref>Leenhouts, B. 1998.Assessment of biomass burning in the conterminous United States. Conservation Ecology [online] 2(1): 1. [http://www.consecol.org/vol2/iss1/art1]</ref>


The following charts compare preindustrial wildland fire emissions (Leenhouts 1998) with contemporary emissions (EPA 1998, 1999).
The following charts compare preindustrial wildland fire emissions <ref>Leenhouts, B. 1998. Assessment of biomass burning in the conterminous United States. Conservation Ecology [online] 2(1): 1. [http://www.consecol.org/vol2/iss1/art1]
</ref> with contemporary emissions.<ref>[http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/index.html EPA. 1998. The National Air Pollutant Emission Trends: 1900-1997]</ref><ref>[http://epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinventoryreport.html Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990 - 1999]</ref>


<gallery>
<gallery>
Line 39: Line 40:
Image:NOXemissions.gif|Nitric Oxide
Image:NOXemissions.gif|Nitric Oxide
Image:VOCemissions.gif|Volatile Organic Compounds
Image:VOCemissions.gif|Volatile Organic Compounds
Image:PM10emissions.gif|Particulate Matter &lt;10&mu;
Image:PM10emissions.gif|Particulate Matter &lt;10μ
Image:PM25emissions.gif|Particulate Matter &lt;2.5&mu;
Image:PM25emissions.gif|Particulate Matter &lt;2.5μ
</gallery>
</gallery>

In addition to [[greenhouse gas emissions]], [[particulates]] and smoke released can scatter or absorb solar radiation and be deposited elsewhere where they may affect [[albedo]] particularly if landing on snow or glaciers.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
* EPA. 1998. The National Air Pollutant Emission Trends: 1900-1997. [http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/index.html]
* EPA. 1999. Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990 - 1999. [http://epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinventoryreport.html]
* Leenhouts, B. 1998. Assessment of biomass burning in the conterminous United States. Conservation Ecology [online] 2(1): 1. [http://www.consecol.org/vol2/iss1/art1]
* National Research Council: Committee on Air Quality Management in the United States, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Division on Earth and Life Studies (2004). Air Quality Management in the United States. National Academies Press. ISBN 0-309-08932-8.
* [[Stephen J. Pyne|Pyne, S.J.]] 1995. World fire: The culture of fire on earth. University of Washington Press. 384 pp.


[[Category:Wildfires|Wildfires]]
[[Category:Wildfire ecology]]
[[Category:Natural hazards]]
[[Category:Climate forcing]]
[[Category:Climate forcing agents]]
[[Category:Air pollution]]
[[Category:Air pollution]]

Latest revision as of 17:04, 5 May 2024

Wildland fire and wildland fire atmospheric emissions have been a part of the global biosphere for millennia.[1] The major wildland fire emissions include greenhouse gases and several criteria pollutants that impact human health and welfare.:[2]

Emissions Grams of emission / kilogram of fuel burned Prozentualer Anteil
Carbon dioxide 1564.8 71.44%
Water 459.2 20.97%
Carbon monoxide 120.9 5.52%
Atmospheric particulate matter <2.5μ 10.3 0.47%
Nitric oxide 8.5 0.39%
Methane 5.9 0.27%
Volatile organic compounds 5.2 0.24%
Organic carbon 5.2 0.24%
Non-methane hydrocarbon 4.3 0.20%
Particulate matter > 10μ 3.8 0.17%
Particulate matter <10μ and >2.5μ 1.9 0.09%
Elemental carbon 0.4 0.02%

Compared to the preindustrial era, wildland land fire in the conterminous U.S. has been reduced 90 percent with proportional reductions in wildland fire emissions. Land use changes (agriculture and urbanization) are responsible for roughly 50 percent of this decrease, and land management decisions (land fragmentation, suppression actions, etc.) are responsible for the remainder. Anthropogenic activities (e.g., industrial production, transportation, agriculture, etc.) today have more than replaced the lost preindustrial wildland fire atmospheric emissions.[3]

The following charts compare preindustrial wildland fire emissions [4] with contemporary emissions.[5][6]

  • Carbon Dioxide
    Carbon Dioxide
  • Carbon Monoxide
    Carbon Monoxide
  • Nitric Oxide
    Nitric Oxide
  • Volatile Organic Compounds
    Volatile Organic Compounds
  • Particulate Matter <10μ
    Particulate Matter <10μ
  • Particulate Matter <2.5μ
    Particulate Matter <2.5μ

In addition to greenhouse gas emissions, particulates and smoke released can scatter or absorb solar radiation and be deposited elsewhere where they may affect albedo particularly if landing on snow or glaciers.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Pyne, S.J. 1995. World fire: The culture of fire on earth. University of Washington Press. 384 pp. ISBN 0-295-97593-8
  2. ^ National Research Council: Committee on Air Quality Management in the United States, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Division on Earth and Life Studies (2004). Air Quality Management in the United States. National Academies Press. ISBN 0-309-08932-8
  3. ^ Leenhouts, B. 1998.Assessment of biomass burning in the conterminous United States. Conservation Ecology [online] 2(1): 1. [1]
  4. ^ Leenhouts, B. 1998. Assessment of biomass burning in the conterminous United States. Conservation Ecology [online] 2(1): 1. [2]
  5. ^ EPA. 1998. The National Air Pollutant Emission Trends: 1900-1997
  6. ^ Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990 - 1999
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wildland_fire_emission&oldid=1222370764"