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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox road
{{refimprove|date=March 2011}}
| country = NZL
| header_type = under construction
| type = SH
| route = 19
| map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|type=line}}
| map_custom = yes
| map_notes = State Highway 19 route
| length_km = 7
| tourist =
| direction_a = South
| direction_b = North
| terminus_a = {{jct|country=NZL|SH|1}} at [[Dairy Flat]]
| terminus_b = Whangaparaoa Road at [[Stanmore Bay]]
| destinations = [[Whangaparaoa]], [[Stillwater, Auckland|Stillwater]]
| junction =
| alternate_name = O Mahurangi - Penlink
}}


'''O Mahurangi Penlink'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Penlink update June 2022 |url=https://createsend.com/t/t-CD78D01A66391A892540EF23F30FEDED |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=createsend.com}}</ref> (State Highway 19), is a {{Convert|7|km|4=-long|abbr=off|adj=mid}},<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=O'Callahan |first=Heidi |date=2022-06-20 |title=Penlink To Start |url=https://www.greaterauckland.org.nz/2022/06/21/penlink-to-start/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Greater Auckland |language=en-NZ}}</ref> two-lane future [[New Zealand state highway network|state highway]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=July 2023 |title=O Mahurangi Penlink Alignment General Arrangement |url=https://www.nzta.govt.nz/assets/projects/penlink/docs/o-mahurangi-penlink-alignment-general-arrangement-july-2023.pdf |website=NZTA}}</ref> Construction began in late 2022<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=O Mahurangi Penlink - December 2022 |url=https://createsend.com/t/t-E57348459033D4692540EF23F30FEDED |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=createsend.com}}</ref> and is expected to conclude in late 2026.<ref name=":0" /> Once completed the new state highway will create a more direct and quicker route between the [[Whangaparaoa Peninsula]] and central [[Auckland]] in New Zealand.
'''Penlink''' (''Peninsula Link'') is the nickname for a proposed road which will create a more direct and quicker route between the [[Whangaparaoa Peninsula]] and central [[Auckland]] in New Zealand. It would provide a second access route off the Whangaparaoa Peninsula, and is claimed by some to be needed to unlock large amounts of commercial land, contribute up to $173 million to GDP during its construction, and create employment estimated at more than 5000 jobs. It has been proposed as a toll road. It was later envisaged that it would be paid for by a part of the income from a regional fuel tax.<ref name="TAX">{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/rodney-district/news/article.cfm?l_id=283&objectid=10536176 |title=Regional fuel tax to help fund Penlink |author=Dearnaley, Mathew |date=7 October 2008 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |accessdate=2 November 2011}}</ref>


The road is set to provide a second access route off the Whangaparaoa Peninsula, and is claimed by some{{citation needed|date=August 2018}} to be needed to unlock large amounts of commercial land, contribute up to $173 million to GDP during its construction, and create employment estimated at more than 5000 jobs.
⚫
The project's planning was originally being undertaken by [[Rodney District Council]], [[Auckland Regional Council]], and [[Transit New Zealand]] before 2010. With the creation of the Auckland Supercity on 1 November 2010, the project now sits with [[Auckland Council]] and its transport entity [[Auckland Transport]].


== Route ==
Penlink would be approximately 7 km long and connect [[Whangaparaoa Peninsula]] with [[New Zealand State Highway 1|State Highway 1]] at Redvale, effectively connecting the urban area of [[Hibiscus Coast]] and Bays, which runs from [[Waiwera]] south down the eastern coastline to [[Campbells Bay]]. The potential growth of the region is hampered by the Silverdale Motorway Interchange which is the traffic pinch point. Penlink addresses this and will include other modes such as public transport, walking and cycling.
The approximately {{Convert|7|km|4=-long|abbr=off|adj=mid}} Penlink route begins at a new interchange with the [[Auckland Northern Motorway|Northern Motorway]] connecting the [[Whangaparaoa Peninsula]] with [[New Zealand State Highway 1|State Highway 1]] at Redvale. The interchange includes two southbound city-facing on and off ramps<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Penlink Implementation Business Case |url=https://www.nzta.govt.nz/assets/projects/penlink/docs/bri-2453-penlink-implementation-business-case.pdf |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=NZTA}}</ref> with the ability to construct northbound ramps in the future.<ref name=":7" /> The interchange will also include a vehicle connection to East Coast Road, where pedestrians and cyclists can also access the route.<ref name=":6" />


The route will effectively connect the urban area of [[Hibiscus Coast]] and [[East Coast Bays|Bays]], which runs from [[Waiwera]] south down the eastern coastline to [[Campbells Bay]].
All the land has been designated and property purchased. Auckland Council owns the project and ratepayers will be reimbursed all costs to date. Auckland Council will fund the Project, to be started in 2021.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://at.govt.nz/projects-roadworks/penlink |title=Penlink |work=Auckland Transport |accessdate=6 August 2016}}</ref>

Along the Penlink route there are three additional interchanges which will help to unlock the western region's potential growth which has been hampered by the traffic pinch point at the Silverdale Motorway Interchange.<ref name=":7" /> The new interchanges will tie into Ara Weiti Road and Duck's Creek Road as well as several entirely new roads. This will allow easier access to [[Stillwater, Auckland|Stillwater]] and [[Karepiro Bay|Karapiro Bay]] (Weiti Bay) and support future growth and subdivisions in the area.<ref name=":7" />

The Penlink Weiti River Crossing is set to be a 535-metre-long, 45-metre-tall [[extradosed bridge]]<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Weiti River Crossing |url=https://www.nzta.govt.nz/assets/projects/penlink/docs/o-mahurangi-penlink-2022-weiti-river-crossing.pdf |website=NZTA}}</ref> and will be the first of its kind in New Zealand.<ref name=":8" /> The bridge will only have two piers in order to allow vessels to pass between in the centre of the river.<ref name=":8" /> On the southern side of the bridge, a pedestrian path and cycleway will allow for access over the river.<ref name=":6" />

At the northern end of the route, the route connects to Whangaparaoa Road, where road users, pedestrians and cyclists will be able to proceed towards the [[Whangaparāoa Peninsula|town centre]] or turn back towards [[Red Beach, New Zealand|Red Beach]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Penlink: Whangaparaoa Road Connection (updated) |url=https://www.nzta.govt.nz/assets/projects/penlink/docs/o-mahurangi-penlink-2023-whangaparaoa-road-connection-updated.pdf |website=NZTA}}</ref>

=== Future Proposals ===

* Construction of an Auckland Transport operated [[Whangaparaoa Bus Station]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Whangaparaoa Bus Interchange |url=https://at.govt.nz/projects-roadworks/whangaparaoa-bus-interchange |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Auckland Transport |language=en-nz}}</ref>
* Construction of north-facing on and off ramps at the motorway interchange reducing the requirement for northbound travelers to use the [[Silverdale, Auckland|Silverdale]] [[on-ramp]].<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Notice of Requirement 12: General Arrangement |url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/UnitaryPlanDocuments/12_nnor12_general_arrangement_plan.pdf |website=Auckland Council}}</ref>
* Construction of a four-lane extension westward connecting the highway to Bawden Road and Dairy Flat Highway.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":9" />
* Construction of an improved connection to East Coast Bays Road.<ref name=":9" />
* Construction of a second lane or [[bus lane]] in each direction along the state highway.<ref name=":10" />

== History ==

=== Initial Proposals ===
Plans to bridge the [[Weiti River]] near Stillwater were first envisaged as early as the 1970s as a way to solve numerous transport issues connecting the [[Whangaparāoa Peninsula]] to Auckland City.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Penlink: Rodney’s Flagship Ready-to-Go Infrastructure Project |url=https://at.govt.nz/media/imported/4687/RDC_PenlinkBroch.pdf |publisher=Rodney District Council}}</ref>

Following early property purchases in the 1990s,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2024-03-09 |title=Plea for action on Weiti River crossing |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/plea-for-action-on-weiti-river-crossing/22QKW56E4JC2EWRB5PAEXDIJ2A/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=NZ Herald |language=en-NZ}}</ref> in 2001, the then-proposed toll-road was first designated in the district plan.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2015-02-20 |title=Penlink Business Case |url=https://at.govt.nz/media/981789/Penlink-Business-Case-2015-Draft.pdf |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Auckland Transport}}</ref> [[Rodney District Council]] had the project starting in mid-2002 with an expected completion in 2005, having spent $1.53 million<ref name=":2" /> on reports and consents. The project was initially expected to cost between $65 million and $69.9 million,<ref name=":2" /> which included a provision to widen Whangaparāoa Road.

Prior to the [[2008 New Zealand general election|2008 election]], the then Government promised to fund a toll-free joint Regional Fuel Tax (80%) and Council (20%) proposal.<ref name="TAX">{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/rodney-district/news/article.cfm?l_id=283&objectid=10536176 |title=Regional fuel tax to help fund Penlink |author=Dearnaley, Mathew |date=7 October 2008 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=2 November 2011}}</ref> The proposal was expected to cost $183 million and begin in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reflections on Auckland Planning |url=http://joelcayford.blogspot.com/2008/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=joelcayford.blogspot.com}}</ref> Following a Central Government election defeat, in 2009, the Rodney District Council, who had invested $18 million in land and $5 million in preliminary costs for the project,<ref name=":5" /> attempted to appeal to the new Government to continue to fund the two-lane proposal with a possible [[Reversible lane|dynamic lane]] for rush hour traffic.<ref name=":5" />

=== Auckland Transport Proposals ===
⚫
With the creation of the Auckland Supercity on 1 November 2010, the project was moved to [[Auckland Council]] and its transport entity [[Auckland Transport]] who, continued to propose its development.

In 2013, Auckland Transport upgraded the proposal to a four-lane, toll-road. Construction of the new road would start in 2015/2016 and be completed by 2018 at a cost of $243 million.<ref name=":3" /> This proposal did not, however, include a provision to widen the existing Whangaparāoa Road.<ref name=":3" /> At this point, a two-lane option was no longer considered adequate as it would not be able to support the planned urban growth in the area.<ref name=":3" />

In 2016, a dynamic lane system was installed on an existing two-lane section of Whangaparāoa Road, on a trial basis but then made permanent as a means of reducing congestion on the road in the absence of Penlink and as a cheaper alternative to widening the road as had previously been planned.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016-05-25 |title=Dynamic Lanes: latest solution for Whangaparaoa Road Gridlock |url=https://www.localmatters.co.nz/hibiscus-news/%C2%91dynamic-lanes%C2%92-latest-solution-for-whangaparaoa-road-gridlock/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Local Matters |language=en-US}}</ref>

By 2018 Penlink was downscaled back to a two-lane road without provision for a dynamic lane, cycle, bus or walking facilities despite protests from locals and politicians.<ref name="newson">{{cite news |last1=Newson |first1=Rhonwyn |title=Penlink downscaled and pushed back to end of the decade |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/local-news/rodney-times/104987425/penlink-downscaled-and-pushed-back-to-end-of-the-decade |access-date=6 August 2018 |work=stuff.co.nz}}</ref> The project was pushed back another two years and now expected to cost $348 million.<ref name="newson" />

=== NZ Transport Agency Project ===
In the leadup to the 2020 election, it was announced by the then Government that it would fund the $411 million two-lane road through the New Zealand Upgrade Programme.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Orsman |first1=Bernard |title=Jacinda Ardern kicks off the election campaign pledging billions of dollars for new roads |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/jacinda-ardern-kicks-off-the-election-campaign-pledging-billions-of-dollars-for-new-roads/QV3GIXTYTFMPYU2LOHNN2VWXKI/ |publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=30 Jan 2020 |access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=L |first=Matt |date=2020-01-29 |title=The NZ Upgrade transport package |url=https://www.greaterauckland.org.nz/2020/01/30/the-nz-upgrade-transport-package/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Greater Auckland |language=en-NZ}}</ref> Expected to start in 2021, the project was intended to be concluded by 2025.<ref name=":4" /> Locals expressed concern that the project had been kept as a two-lane highway, likening it to the [[Auckland Harbour Bridge|Harbour Bridge]], which had to be widened not long after construction to cope with traffic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-09 |title=Government told not to repeat Harbour Bridge blunder |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/government-told-not-to-repeat-mistake-of-auckland-harbour-bridge-with-two-lane-highway/2GUCKLBHFHNN3E6OSVY4FYCIAY/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=NZ Herald |language=en-NZ}}</ref>

Following the election, the project was then transferred to the [[NZ Transport Agency]], who announced in 2022 that an agreement had been made to construct a two-lane potentially-tolled highway for a substantially higher estimated $830 million, delaying the project's start with completion now not expected until 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Momentum builds as Penlink partners put pen to paper {{!}} Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency |url=https://www.nzta.govt.nz/media-releases/momentum-builds-as-penlink-partners-put-pen-to-paper/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=www.nzta.govt.nz}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Alongside the announcement of the project, Auckland Transport confirmed its intention to construct a bus station as part of the project, which would utilise the route to connect users to the CBD.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AT wants a new bus terminal in Whangaparaoa |url=https://hibiscuscoastapp.nz/news/hibiscus-coast-news/at-wants-a-new-bus-terminal-in-whangaparaoa?id=639806088ec5db002c87d976 |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Hibiscus Coast App}}</ref>

After many years of delays, changes to the project and cost increases, work finally began in late 2022 with an official [[sod-turning ceremony]].<ref name=":0" />

In October 2023, it was announced that Auckland Transport no longer had the funds to construct the bus station, and as such, it was cancelled.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-10-03 |title=Penlink bus station disappears down budget hole |url=https://www.localmatters.co.nz/news/penlink-bus-station-disappears-down-budget-hole/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Hibiscus Matters |language=en-US}}</ref>

It was later announced by the Government that the road would be tolled upon completion, contrary to official advice not to.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-09 |title=Toll road decision under fire: Wood ignored official advice on charging motorists |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/former-transport-minister-michael-wood-ignored-official-advice-not-to-toll-aucklands-penlink-road/66GRLMK5SBG5NM3YA43FCIBBQM/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=NZ Herald |language=en-NZ}}</ref> The future (then opposition) Government announced that it would review the decision and consider whether it would be possible to widen the road back to four-lanes.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=2024-03-09 |title=Nats to review Michael Wood’s decision to toll Penlink road and look to extend it to four lanes |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/national-promises-to-review-michael-woods-decision-to-toll-penlink-road-and-look-to-extend-it-from-two-to-four-lanes/RMHIYZPWXBGOFMNCVHKAKC7H3E/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=NZ Herald |language=en-NZ}}</ref>

The road is currently expected to open in 2026.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nzta.govt.nz/projects/penlink/frequently-asked-questions/ |title=Penlink: Frequently asked questions |work=NZTA |access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
Line 16: Line 79:


== External links ==
== External links ==
* http://www.aucklandtransport.govt.nz/improving-transport/penlink/Pages/default.aspx
* [https://www.nzta.govt.nz/projects/penlink O Mahurangi – Penlink]


{{New Zealand motorway list}}
{{New Zealand motorway list}}
{{Hibiscus Coast}}


[[Category:Transport in Auckland]]
[[Category:Transport in Auckland]]
[[Category:Proposed roads in New Zealand]]
[[Category:Proposed roads in New Zealand]]
[[Category:Hibiscus Coast]]

Revision as of 01:08, 6 May 2024

For the manufacturer of surveillance products, see Pen-Link, Ltd.

State Highway 19 shield}}
State Highway 19
O Mahurangi - Penlink
Map
State Highway 19 route
Route information
Maintained by NZ Transport Agency
Length7 km (4.3 mi)
Major junctions
South end SH 1 at Dairy Flat
North endWhangaparaoa Road at Stanmore Bay
Standort
LandNeuseeland
Primary
destinations		Whangaparaoa, Stillwater
Highway system

O Mahurangi Penlink[1] (State Highway 19), is a 7-kilometre-long (4.3-mile),[2] two-lane future state highway.[3] Construction began in late 2022[4] and is expected to conclude in late 2026.[4] Once completed the new state highway will create a more direct and quicker route between the Whangaparaoa Peninsula and central Auckland in New Zealand.

The road is set to provide a second access route off the Whangaparaoa Peninsula, and is claimed by some[citation needed] to be needed to unlock large amounts of commercial land, contribute up to $173 million to GDP during its construction, and create employment estimated at more than 5000 jobs.

Route

The approximately 7-kilometre-long (4.3-mile) Penlink route begins at a new interchange with the Northern Motorway connecting the Whangaparaoa Peninsula with State Highway 1 at Redvale. The interchange includes two southbound city-facing on and off ramps[5] with the ability to construct northbound ramps in the future.[5] The interchange will also include a vehicle connection to East Coast Road, where pedestrians and cyclists can also access the route.[3]

The route will effectively connect the urban area of Hibiscus Coast and Bays, which runs from Waiwera south down the eastern coastline to Campbells Bay.

Along the Penlink route there are three additional interchanges which will help to unlock the western region's potential growth which has been hampered by the traffic pinch point at the Silverdale Motorway Interchange.[5] The new interchanges will tie into Ara Weiti Road and Duck's Creek Road as well as several entirely new roads. This will allow easier access to Stillwater and Karapiro Bay (Weiti Bay) and support future growth and subdivisions in the area.[5]

The Penlink Weiti River Crossing is set to be a 535-metre-long, 45-metre-tall extradosed bridge[6] and will be the first of its kind in New Zealand.[6] The bridge will only have two piers in order to allow vessels to pass between in the centre of the river.[6] On the southern side of the bridge, a pedestrian path and cycleway will allow for access over the river.[3]

At the northern end of the route, the route connects to Whangaparaoa Road, where road users, pedestrians and cyclists will be able to proceed towards the town centre or turn back towards Red Beach.[7]

Future Proposals

  • Construction of an Auckland Transport operated Whangaparaoa Bus Station.[8]
  • Construction of north-facing on and off ramps at the motorway interchange reducing the requirement for northbound travelers to use the Silverdale on-ramp.[5][9]
  • Construction of a four-lane extension westward connecting the highway to Bawden Road and Dairy Flat Highway.[5][9]
  • Construction of an improved connection to East Coast Bays Road.[9]
  • Construction of a second lane or bus lane in each direction along the state highway.[10]

History

Initial Proposals

Plans to bridge the Weiti River near Stillwater were first envisaged as early as the 1970s as a way to solve numerous transport issues connecting the Whangaparāoa Peninsula to Auckland City.[11]

Following early property purchases in the 1990s,[12] in 2001, the then-proposed toll-road was first designated in the district plan.[13] Rodney District Council had the project starting in mid-2002 with an expected completion in 2005, having spent $1.53 million[12] on reports and consents. The project was initially expected to cost between $65 million and $69.9 million,[12] which included a provision to widen Whangaparāoa Road.

Prior to the 2008 election, the then Government promised to fund a toll-free joint Regional Fuel Tax (80%) and Council (20%) proposal.[14] The proposal was expected to cost $183 million and begin in 2011.[15] Following a Central Government election defeat, in 2009, the Rodney District Council, who had invested $18 million in land and $5 million in preliminary costs for the project,[11] attempted to appeal to the new Government to continue to fund the two-lane proposal with a possible dynamic lane for rush hour traffic.[11]

Auckland Transport Proposals

With the creation of the Auckland Supercity on 1 November 2010, the project was moved to Auckland Council and its transport entity Auckland Transport who, continued to propose its development.

In 2013, Auckland Transport upgraded the proposal to a four-lane, toll-road. Construction of the new road would start in 2015/2016 and be completed by 2018 at a cost of $243 million.[13] This proposal did not, however, include a provision to widen the existing Whangaparāoa Road.[13] At this point, a two-lane option was no longer considered adequate as it would not be able to support the planned urban growth in the area.[13]

In 2016, a dynamic lane system was installed on an existing two-lane section of Whangaparāoa Road, on a trial basis but then made permanent as a means of reducing congestion on the road in the absence of Penlink and as a cheaper alternative to widening the road as had previously been planned.[16]

By 2018 Penlink was downscaled back to a two-lane road without provision for a dynamic lane, cycle, bus or walking facilities despite protests from locals and politicians.[17] The project was pushed back another two years and now expected to cost $348 million.[17]

NZ Transport Agency Project

In the leadup to the 2020 election, it was announced by the then Government that it would fund the $411 million two-lane road through the New Zealand Upgrade Programme.[18][19] Expected to start in 2021, the project was intended to be concluded by 2025.[19] Locals expressed concern that the project had been kept as a two-lane highway, likening it to the Harbour Bridge, which had to be widened not long after construction to cope with traffic.[20]

Following the election, the project was then transferred to the NZ Transport Agency, who announced in 2022 that an agreement had been made to construct a two-lane potentially-tolled highway for a substantially higher estimated $830 million, delaying the project's start with completion now not expected until 2026.[21][2] Alongside the announcement of the project, Auckland Transport confirmed its intention to construct a bus station as part of the project, which would utilise the route to connect users to the CBD.[22]

After many years of delays, changes to the project and cost increases, work finally began in late 2022 with an official sod-turning ceremony.[4]

In October 2023, it was announced that Auckland Transport no longer had the funds to construct the bus station, and as such, it was cancelled.[23]

It was later announced by the Government that the road would be tolled upon completion, contrary to official advice not to.[24] The future (then opposition) Government announced that it would review the decision and consider whether it would be possible to widen the road back to four-lanes.[10]

The road is currently expected to open in 2026.[25]

References

  1. ^ "Penlink update June 2022". createsend.com. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  2. ^ a b O'Callahan, Heidi (20 June 2022). "Penlink To Start". Greater Auckland. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  3. ^ a b c "O Mahurangi Penlink Alignment General Arrangement" (PDF). NZTA. July 2023.
  4. ^ a b c "O Mahurangi Penlink - December 2022". createsend.com. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  5. ^ a b c d e f "Penlink Implementation Business Case" (PDF). NZTA. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  6. ^ a b c "Weiti River Crossing" (PDF). NZTA.
  7. ^ "Penlink: Whangaparaoa Road Connection (updated)" (PDF). NZTA.
  8. ^ "Whangaparaoa Bus Interchange". Auckland Transport. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  9. ^ a b c "Notice of Requirement 12: General Arrangement" (PDF). Auckland Council.
  10. ^ a b "Nats to review Michael Wood's decision to toll Penlink road and look to extend it to four lanes". NZ Herald. 9 March 2024. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  11. ^ a b c "Penlink: Rodney's Flagship Ready-to-Go Infrastructure Project" (PDF). Rodney District Council.
  12. ^ a b c "Plea for action on Weiti River crossing". NZ Herald. 9 March 2024. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  13. ^ a b c d "Penlink Business Case" (PDF). Auckland Transport. 20 February 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  14. ^ Dearnaley, Mathew (7 October 2008). "Regional fuel tax to help fund Penlink". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
  15. ^ "Reflections on Auckland Planning". joelcayford.blogspot.com. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  16. ^ "Dynamic Lanes: latest solution for Whangaparaoa Road Gridlock". Local Matters. 25 May 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  17. ^ a b Newson, Rhonwyn. "Penlink downscaled and pushed back to end of the decade". stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
  18. ^ Orsman, Bernard (30 January 2020). "Jacinda Ardern kicks off the election campaign pledging billions of dollars for new roads". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
  19. ^ a b L, Matt (29 January 2020). "The NZ Upgrade transport package". Greater Auckland. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  20. ^ "Government told not to repeat Harbour Bridge blunder". NZ Herald. 9 March 2024. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  21. ^ "Momentum builds as Penlink partners put pen to paper | Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency". www.nzta.govt.nz. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  22. ^ "AT wants a new bus terminal in Whangaparaoa". Hibiscus Coast App. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  23. ^ "Penlink bus station disappears down budget hole". Hibiscus Matters. 3 October 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  24. ^ "Toll road decision under fire: Wood ignored official advice on charging motorists". NZ Herald. 9 March 2024. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  25. ^ "Penlink: Frequently asked questions". NZTA. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
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