Statues of Kamehameha I: Difference between revisions
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==Original work== |
==Original work== |
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{{Main|Kamehameha statue (original cast)}} |
{{Main|Kamehameha statue (original cast)}} |
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The pictured statue stands prominently in front of [[Aliiolani Hale|Ali{{okina}}iolani Hale]] in [[Honolulu, Hawaii]]. The statue had its origins in 1878 when [[Walter M. Gibson]], a member of the Hawaiian government at the time, wanted to commemorate the 100-year arrival of [[Captain Cook]] to the Hawaiian Islands. The legislature appropriated $10,000 for the project and made Gibson the director of the project, which originally included native Hawaiians but they soon were off the project and Gibson ran the project by himself. Gibson contacted [[Thomas R. Gould]], a Boston sculptor living abroad in [[Florence]], [[Italy]] to create the statue. |
The pictured statue stands prominently in front of [[Aliiolani Hale|Ali{{okina}}iolani Hale]] in [[Honolulu, Hawaii]]. The statue had its origins in 1878 when [[Walter M. Gibson]], a member of the Hawaiian government at the time, wanted to commemorate the 100-year arrival of [[Captain Cook]] to the Hawaiian Islands. The legislature appropriated $10,000 for the project and made Gibson the director of the project, which originally included native Hawaiians but they soon were off the project and Gibson ran the project by himself. Gibson contacted [[Thomas R. Gould]], a Boston sculptor living abroad in [[Florence]], [[Italy]] to create the statue.{{sfnp|Adler|1969|p=87}}{{sfnp|Wharton |2011|pp=19–20}}{{sfnp|Rose|1988|p=132}} |
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===Features=== |
===Features=== |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | Gould apparently relied mostly on a bust portrait of an elderly Kamehameha, an engraving of "Tamea-mea"<ref name="durville1834"/> that was a thirdhand copy printed in d'Urville's book (1834).{{sfnp|Rose|1988|p=132}} But he was also requested to make the monarch appear as a 45 year-old, at the request of the monument committee.{{sfnp|Adler|1969|p=90}} Gould was also provided photographs of Polynesians to assist in the visualization. But due to the fact that Gould was in Italy studying Roman sculpture, he adopted the stance of a Roman general with gesturing hand, spear, and cape are also Roman appropriations for the Hawaiian king.{{sfnp|Wharton |2011|p=21}} The belt or sash on the statue's waist is a symbolic rendering of the [[Sash of Liloa|Sacred Sash of Liloa]].{{sfnp|Wharton |2011|pp=27–28}} In 1880, the initial sculpture was sent to [[Paris]], France, to be cast in [[bronze]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://gohawaii.about.com/od/oahusights/ss/honolulu_walk_a_4.htm|title=Let's Take a Walk Around Historic Honolulu|work=TripSavvy|access-date=2018-05-15}}</ref> To assist Gould in his modeling, photographs of [[Robert Hoapili Baker]] (and [[John Tamatoa Baker]], as in the surviving photo) dressed up in Hawaiian regalia ([[ʻahu ʻula|feather cloak]], [[mahiole|helmet]] and sash/[[baldric]]).{{sfnp|Adler|1969|loc=pp. 88–89, 91, 95, n9}}<ref>{{harvp|Rose|1988|p=132}}, n5</ref><ref name="kamehiro2009"/><ref name="dekneef2016"/>{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|Though the figure in the surviving photo is labeled as Robert in Kamehiro's book, this should be emended as John.<ref name="dekneef2016"/><ref>{{harvp|Rose|1988}}, note 8, citing Taylor, Clarice B. (1949), "A Nuuanu Valley House," Paradise of the Pacific". Holiday Edition. pp. 22–25.</ref>}} |
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| ⚫ | During this time, David [[Kalākaua]] became king and was completing [[ʻIolani Palace]] which was his tribute to King [[Kamehameha I]] and to be the destination of the statue. The statue was too late for the 100th anniversary, but in |
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| ⚫ | During this time, David [[Kalākaua]] became king and was completing [[ʻIolani Palace]] which was his tribute to King [[Kamehameha I]] and to be the destination of the statue. The statue was too late for the 100th anniversary, but in 1880, the statue was placed aboard the German barque ''G. F. Haendel'' and headed for Hawaii. Near the [[Falkland Islands]] the ship wrecked and the statue was thought lost. However, the Hawaiians had insured the statue for $12,000 and a second casting was quickly made.{{sfnp|Rose|1988|p=132}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/nsh/kamehameha.cfm|title=Kamehameha I|work=Architect of the Capitol {{!}} United States Capitol|access-date=2018-05-15|language=en}}</ref> |
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===Replicas=== |
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| ⚫ | |||
Before the second statue could be sent, the original was recovered by some Falkland Islanders. They sold it to Capt. Jervis of the ''EarlofDalhousi'' for $500, who brought it to Honolulu and sold it to Gibson for $875. The original with minor damages was repaired, and was relocated to the legendary king's birthplace at ʻĀinakea in [[Kohala, Hawaii|Kohala]] on [[Hawaii (island)|Hawaiʻi Island]] with the dedication ceremony taking place on May 8, 1883. The statue was moved a short distance in 1912 to its present location at the courthouse [[Kapaau|Kapaʻau]].{{sfnp|Rose|1988|pp=132–133}} |
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===Second statue in Honolulu=== |
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{{Main|Statue of Kamehameha I (Honolulu)}} |
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| ⚫ | The re-ordered copy is the statue that now stands in front of the [[Aliiolani Hale|Aliʻiōlani Hale]] court building in Honolulu. It had arrived safely in Honolulu aboard the British ship ''Aberaman'' on July 31, 1883.{{sfnp|Rose|1988|p=133}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hisurf.com/explorer/king_kam.htm |title=Hawaiian Explorer - King Kamehameha Statue |access-date=2011-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220031708/http://www.hisurf.com/explorer/king_kam.htm |archive-date=2010-12-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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===Third replica=== |
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[[File:Kamehameha statue Kohala.jpg|thumb|The first casting of the Gould statue, now at [[Kapaau, Hawaii|Kapa{{okina}}au]], North [[Kohala, Hawaii|Kohala]] ]] |
[[File:Kamehameha statue Kohala.jpg|thumb|The first casting of the Gould statue, now at [[Kapaau, Hawaii|Kapa{{okina}}au]], North [[Kohala, Hawaii|Kohala]] ]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
A third replica was commissioned when Hawaii attained statehood and was unveiled in 1969. It stood in the [[United States Capitol]] alongside the [[Father Damien Statue|''Father Damien'' Statue]] and was the heaviest statue in [[Statuary Hall]], weighing 15,000 pounds. In 2008, shortly after Hawaii-born [[Barack Obama]] was nominated as the Democratic Party's candidate for the presidency, the statue was moved from a dark, back row of Statuary Hall to a prominent position in Emancipation Hall in the Capitol's new visitor center. |
A third replica was commissioned when Hawaii attained statehood and was unveiled in 1969. It stood in the [[United States Capitol]] alongside the [[Father Damien Statue|''Father Damien'' Statue]] and was the heaviest statue in [[Statuary Hall]], weighing 15,000 pounds. In 2008, shortly after Hawaii-born [[Barack Obama]] was nominated as the Democratic Party's candidate for the presidency, the statue was moved from a dark, back row of Statuary Hall to a prominent position in Emancipation Hall in the Capitol's new visitor center. |
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| ⚫ | The Gould statue can be briefly seen in the opening credits of the original 1960s TV police drama ''[[Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)|Hawaii Five-O]]'' as well as the [[Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series)|2010 series reboot]]. The statue is also seen multiple times in a three-part series of ''[[Sanford and Son]]'' when the duo go on a vacation to [[Hawaii]]. The statue is seen on a [[pedestal]] outside the Hawaii Police Department Headquarters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.to-hawaii.com/oahu/attractions/kamehamehastatue.php|title=King Kamehameha Statue, Oahu|website=www.to-hawaii.com|access-date=2018-05-15}}</ref> |
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==Big Island== |
==Big Island== |
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==Kamehameha Day== |
==Kamehameha Day== |
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Every year on or near the June 11 [[Kamehameha Day]] holiday, ''Kamehameha'' statues are ceremoniously draped in fresh lei fashioned in Hawai{{okina}}i. The event is celebrated in the United States Capitol with traditional [[hula]] performances.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hawaiiforvisitors.com/events/king-kamehameha-day.htm|title=King Kamehameha Day Events in Hawaii|website=www.hawaiiforvisitors.com|access-date=2018-05-15}}</ref> |
Every year on or near the June 11 [[Kamehameha Day]] holiday, ''Kamehameha'' statues are ceremoniously draped in fresh lei fashioned in Hawai{{okina}}i. The event is celebrated in the United States Capitol with traditional [[hula]] performances.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hawaiiforvisitors.com/events/king-kamehameha-day.htm|title=King Kamehameha Day Events in Hawaii|website=www.hawaiiforvisitors.com|access-date=2018-05-15}}</ref> |
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==In popular culture== |
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| ⚫ | The Gould statue can be briefly seen in the opening credits of the original 1960s TV police drama ''[[Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)|Hawaii Five-O]]'' as well as the [[Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series)|2010 series reboot]]. The statue is also seen multiple times in a three-part series of ''[[Sanford and Son]]'' when the duo go on a vacation to [[Hawaii]]. The statue is seen on a [[pedestal]] outside the Hawaii Police Department Headquarters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.to-hawaii.com/oahu/attractions/kamehamehastatue.php|title=King Kamehameha Statue, Oahu|website=www.to-hawaii.com|access-date=2018-05-15}}</ref> |
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==Gallery== |
==Gallery== |
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* [[Kamehameha Statue (Honolulu cast)|''Kamehameha'' Statue (Honolulu cast)]] |
* [[Kamehameha Statue (Honolulu cast)|''Kamehameha'' Statue (Honolulu cast)]] |
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== |
==Explanatory notes== |
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{{notelist}} |
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<references /> |
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==References== |
== References == |
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;Citation |
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*{{cite journal |
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{{Reflist|2|refs= |
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| last = Adler |
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<ref name="dekneef2016">{{cite magazine|last=Dekneef |first=Matthew |author-link=<!--Matthew Dekneef --> |title=Two Hawaiian Brothers Who Modeled For The Iconic Kamehameha Statue |magazine=Hawaiʻi Magazine |location=Honolulu |date=June 10, 2016 |url=http://www.hawaiimagazine.com/content/these-are-two-hawaiian-brothers-who-modeled-iconic-kamehameha-statue |accessdate=November 15, 2016}}</ref> |
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| first = Jacob |
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| title = The Kamehameha Statue |
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<ref name="durville1834">{{cite book|last=D'Urville |first=Jules-Sébastien-César Dumont |author-link=Jules-Sébastien-César Dumont D'Urville |title=Voyage pittoresque autour du monde: resumé général des voyages de découvertes, de Magellan, Tasman, Dampier [et autres] |volume=1 |place=Paris |publisher=L. Tenré |year=1834 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6AhFAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA446-IA1 |at=Pl. LXI }}</ref> |
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| journal = Hawaiian Journal of History |
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| volume = 3 |
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<ref name="kamehiro2009">{{cite book|last=Kamehiro |first=Stacy L. |author-link=<!--Stacy L. Kamehiro--> |title=The Arts of Kingship: Hawaiian Art and National Culture of the Kalakaua Era |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |year=2009 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oQCJ3NkS2ncC&pg=PA46 |pages=86–89; Fig. 28 (photo of R. H. Baker posed), Fig. 29 (sash) |isbn=<!--0824832639, -->9780824832636}}</ref> |
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| pages = 87–91 |
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| publisher = Hawaiian Historical Society |
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| location = Honolulu |
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| year = 1969 |
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| hdl = 10125/6299}} |
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*{{cite book |
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| last = Loewen |
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| first = James |
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| title = Lies Across America: What Our Historic Sites Get Wrong |
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| pages = 40–43 |
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| publisher = Touchstone |
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| year = 2007 |
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}} |
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*{{cite book |
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| last = Wharton |
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| first = Glenn |
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| title = The Painted King: Art, Activism, and Authenticity in Hawaii |
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| publisher = University of Hawaii Press |
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| location = Honolulu |
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| year = 2011 |
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}} |
}} |
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;Bibliography |
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{{refbegin}} |
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* {{cite journal |last=Adler |first=Jacob |author-link=<!--Jacob Adler--> |title=Kamehameha Statue |journal=The Hawaiian Journal of History |location=Honolulu |publisher=Hawaiian Historical Society |volume=3 |year=1969 |hdl=10524/570 |oclc=60626541 |url=https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/d5b7cef2-29d0-4bf9-9aa3-aa549bfadd39/content |pages=87–100}} |
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* {{cite journal|last=Rose |first=Roger G. |author-link=<!--Roger G. Rose--> |title=Woodcarver F. N. Otremba and the Kamehameha Statue |journal=The Hawaiian Journal of History |location=Honolulu |publisher=Hawaiian Historical Society |volume=22 |year=1988 |hdl=10524/505 |oclc=60626541 |url=https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/7b18e0a5-9fd7-4c1c-b9b1-d57df68dc764/content |pages=131–146}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Wharton |first=Glenn |author-link=<!--Glenn Wharton--> |title=The Painted King: Art, Activism, and Authenticity in Hawaiʻi |location=Honolulu |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |year=2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uw9zAAAAMAAJ&q=feather |pages=https://books.google.com/books?id=RF4EEAAAQBAJ |isbn=<!--0824861086, -->9780824861087}} |
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{{refend}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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[[Category:Symbols of Hawaii]] |
[[Category:Symbols of Hawaii]] |
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[[Category:Statues in Hawaii]] |
[[Category:Statues in Hawaii]] |
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[[Category:Personifications of country subdivisions]] |
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Revision as of 05:30, 6 May 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2018) |
.jpg)
Several Kamehameha statues honor the monarch who founded the Kingdom of Hawaii.[1]
Original work
The pictured statue stands prominently in front of Aliʻiolani Hale in Honolulu, Hawaii. The statue had its origins in 1878 when Walter M. Gibson, a member of the Hawaiian government at the time, wanted to commemorate the 100-year arrival of Captain Cook to the Hawaiian Islands. The legislature appropriated $10,000 for the project and made Gibson the director of the project, which originally included native Hawaiians but they soon were off the project and Gibson ran the project by himself. Gibson contacted Thomas R. Gould, a Boston sculptor living abroad in Florence, Italy to create the statue.[2][3][4]
Eigenschaften
Gould apparently relied mostly on a bust portrait of an elderly Kamehameha, an engraving of "Tamea-mea"[5] that was a thirdhand copy printed in d'Urville's book (1834).[4] But he was also requested to make the monarch appear as a 45 year-old, at the request of the monument committee.[6] Gould was also provided photographs of Polynesians to assist in the visualization. But due to the fact that Gould was in Italy studying Roman sculpture, he adopted the stance of a Roman general with gesturing hand, spear, and cape are also Roman appropriations for the Hawaiian king.[7] The belt or sash on the statue's waist is a symbolic rendering of the Sacred Sash of Liloa.[8] In 1880, the initial sculpture was sent to Paris, France, to be cast in bronze.[9] To assist Gould in his modeling, photographs of Robert Hoapili Baker (and John Tamatoa Baker, as in the surviving photo) dressed up in Hawaiian regalia (feather cloak, helmet and sash/baldric).[10][11][12][13][a]
During this time, David Kalākaua became king and was completing ʻIolani Palace which was his tribute to King Kamehameha I and to be the destination of the statue. The statue was too late for the 100th anniversary, but in 1880, the statue was placed aboard the German barque G. F. Haendel and headed for Hawaii. Near the Falkland Islands the ship wrecked and the statue was thought lost. However, the Hawaiians had insured the statue for $12,000 and a second casting was quickly made.[4][15]
Before the second statue could be sent, the original was recovered by some Falkland Islanders. They sold it to Capt. Jervis of the EarlofDalhousi for $500, who brought it to Honolulu and sold it to Gibson for $875. The original with minor damages was repaired, and was relocated to the legendary king's birthplace at ʻĀinakea in Kohala on Hawaiʻi Island with the dedication ceremony taking place on May 8, 1883. The statue was moved a short distance in 1912 to its present location at the courthouse Kapaʻau.[16]
Second statue in Honolulu
The re-ordered copy is the statue that now stands in front of the Aliʻiōlani Hale court building in Honolulu. It had arrived safely in Honolulu aboard the British ship Aberaman on July 31, 1883.[17][18]
Third replica
A third replica was commissioned when Hawaii attained statehood and was unveiled in 1969. It stood in the United States Capitol alongside the Father Damien Statue and was the heaviest statue in Statuary Hall, weighing 15,000 pounds. In 2008, shortly after Hawaii-born Barack Obama was nominated as the Democratic Party's candidate for the presidency, the statue was moved from a dark, back row of Statuary Hall to a prominent position in Emancipation Hall in the Capitol's new visitor center.
Big Island
Another Kamahameha statue resides on the island of Hawaiʻi (known locally as the Big Island). It is stands near downtown Hilo at the north end of the Wailoa River State Recreation Area, where it enjoys a king's view of Hilo Bay. The 14-foot (4.3 m) statue was sculpted by R. Sandrin at the Fracaro Foundry in Vicenza, Italy in 1963 but was not erected on this site and dedicated until June 1997. The statue was originally commissioned for $125,000 by the Princeville Corporation for their resort in Kauai. However, the people of Kauai did not want the statue erected there, as Kauai was never conquered by King Kamehameha I. Hilo, however, was one of the political centers of King Kamehameha I. Consequently, the Princeville Corporation donated the statue to the Big Island of Hawaii via the Kamehameha Schools Alumni Association, East Hawaii Chapter.[19]
Kane work
The Grand Wailea Resort Hotel & Spa on Maui is the home of a fifth Kamehameha statue. Hawaiian artist, author and historian Herb Kawainui Kane created the nine-and-a-half-foot work, which presides over the entrance of the hotel, facing the porte cochere. It is purported to be the most lifelike representation of the great warrior king.[20]
Las Vegas Statue
There was a sixth statue in Las Vegas, NV, along the Strip at the Hawaiian Marketplace. It was removed in January 2014 to make way for a Chili's.[21] It was then moved to Springs Preserve where it became weathered by the harsh desert elements, deemed beyond repair, and disposed.[22]
Kamehameha Day
Every year on or near the June 11 Kamehameha Day holiday, Kamehameha statues are ceremoniously draped in fresh lei fashioned in Hawaiʻi. The event is celebrated in the United States Capitol with traditional hula performances.[23]
In popular culture
The Gould statue can be briefly seen in the opening credits of the original 1960s TV police drama Hawaii Five-O as well as the 2010 series reboot. The statue is also seen multiple times in a three-part series of Sanford and Son when the duo go on a vacation to Hawaii. The statue is seen on a pedestal outside the Hawaii Police Department Headquarters.[24]
Gallery
-
Kapaʻau statue with schoolchildren of plantation workers in 1900s -
-
![The replica in Emancipation Hall in the US Capitol Visitor Center[25]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Kamehameha_capitol.JPG/56px-Kamehameha_capitol.JPG)
The replica in Emancipation Hall in the US Capitol Visitor Center[25] -
Closeup of Honolulu statue
![The replica in Emancipation Hall in the US Capitol Visitor Center[25]](/wg_a52b03be97db00a8b00fb8f33a293d141/en/de/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kamehameha_capitol.JPG)
See also
Explanatory notes
References
- Citation
- ^ "Aloha-Hawaii.com: King Kamehameha Statue". Archived from the original on 2010-12-24. Retrieved 2013-07-09.
- ^ Adler (1969), p. 87.
- ^ Wharton (2011), pp. 19–20.
- ^ a b c Rose (1988), p. 132.
- ^ D'Urville, Jules-Sébastien-César Dumont (1834). Voyage pittoresque autour du monde: resumé général des voyages de découvertes, de Magellan, Tasman, Dampier [et autres]. Vol. 1. Paris: L. Tenré. Pl. LXI.
- ^ Adler (1969), p. 90.
- ^ Wharton (2011), p. 21.
- ^ Wharton (2011), pp. 27–28.
- ^ "Let's Take a Walk Around Historic Honolulu". TripSavvy. Retrieved 2018-05-15.
- ^ Adler (1969), pp. 88–89, 91, 95, n9.
- ^ Rose (1988), p. 132, n5
- ^ Kamehiro, Stacy L. (2009). The Arts of Kingship: Hawaiian Art and National Culture of the Kalakaua Era. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 86–89, Fig. 28 (photo of R. H. Baker posed), Fig. 29 (sash). ISBN 9780824832636.
- ^ a b Dekneef, Matthew (June 10, 2016). "Two Hawaiian Brothers Who Modeled For The Iconic Kamehameha Statue". Hawaiʻi Magazine. Honolulu. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
- ^ Rose (1988), note 8, citing Taylor, Clarice B. (1949), "A Nuuanu Valley House," Paradise of the Pacific". Holiday Edition. pp. 22–25.
- ^ "Kamehameha I". Architect of the Capitol | United States Capitol. Retrieved 2018-05-15.
- ^ Rose (1988), pp. 132–133.
- ^ Rose (1988), p. 133.
- ^ "Hawaiian Explorer - King Kamehameha Statue". Archived from the original on 2010-12-20. Retrieved 2011-04-05.
- ^ "5 King Kamehameha Statues". Tamerlane's Thoughts. 2009-10-17. Retrieved 2018-05-15.
- ^ "VisitTheUSA.com Homepage". Visit The USA. Retrieved 2018-05-15.
- ^ Martin, Bradley (January 21, 2014). "King Kamehameha Departs the Hawaiian Marketplace". Eater Vegas. Retrieved 2018-05-15.
- ^ Deniz, Lacy (September 25, 2018). "'It was never pono': Story of missing Kamehameha statue underscores need for greater cultural awareness". Hawaii News Now. Retrieved 2019-04-29.
- ^ "King Kamehameha Day Events in Hawaii". www.hawaiiforvisitors.com. Retrieved 2018-05-15.
- ^ "King Kamehameha Statue, Oahu". www.to-hawaii.com. Retrieved 2018-05-15.
- ^ "Kamehameha I". Architect of the Capitol | United States Capitol. Retrieved 2018-06-06.
- Bibliography
- Adler, Jacob (1969). "Kamehameha Statue". The Hawaiian Journal of History. 3. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society: 87–100. hdl:10524/570. OCLC 60626541.
- Rose, Roger G. (1988). "Woodcarver F. N. Otremba and the Kamehameha Statue". The Hawaiian Journal of History. 22. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society: 131–146. hdl:10524/505. OCLC 60626541.
- Wharton, Glenn (2011). The Painted King: Art, Activism, and Authenticity in Hawaiʻi. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. pp. https://books.google.com/books?id=RF4EEAAAQBAJ. ISBN 9780824861087.
External links
