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{{Short description|American video game developer}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
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| predecessor = [[Irrational Games]]
| predecessor = [[Irrational Games]]
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|2017|02|23}}{{efn|Ghost Story Games is a rebranding of Irrational Games that was founded in 1997, but the studio considers this rebranding as a fresh start and a separate history from their Irrational Games background.<ref name="gamasutra rebrand"/>}}
| founded = {{Start date and age|2017|02|22}}{{efn|Ghost Story Games is a rebranding of Irrational Games that was founded in 1997, but the studio considers this rebranding as a fresh start and a separate history from their Irrational Games background.<ref name="gamasutra rebrand"/>}}
| founder = [[Ken Levine (video game designer)|Ken Levine]]
| founder = [[Ken Levine (video game designer)|Ken Levine]]
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list|Ken Levine|([[president (corporate title)|president]] and [[creative director]])|Leonie Manshanden|([[executive director]])}}
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list|Ken Levine|([[president (corporate title)|president]] and [[creative director]])|Leonie Manshanden|([[executive director]])}}
| hq_location_city = [[Westwood, Massachusetts|Westwood]], [[Massachusetts]]
| hq_location_city = [[Westwood, Massachusetts]]
| hq_location_country = U.S.
| hq_location_country = US
| industry = [[Video game industry|Video games]]
| industry = [[Video game industry|Video games]]
| num_employees = 25
| num_employees = 33
| num_employees_year = 2017
| num_employees_year = 2020
| parent = [[Take-Two Interactive]]
| parent = [[Take-Two Interactive]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.ghoststorygames.com/|ghoststorygames.com}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.ghoststorygames.com/|ghoststorygames.com}}
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== History ==
== History ==
Irrational Games had a history of several successful titles, including ''[[BioShock]]'' and ''[[BioShock Infinite]]'', both helmed by Levine. Levine expressed how much stress completing a large title was at the conclusion of work of ''BioShock Infinite'', and decided that he would drastically trim down the studio "to refocus my energy on a smaller team with a flatter structure and a more direct relationship with gamers. In many ways, it will be a return to how we started: a small team making games for the core gaming audience."<ref name="gamespot shutdown"/> While Levine had considered founding a new startup for this endeavor, Take-Two convinced Levine that they would still be the best place for his studio.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/we-were-all-miserable-inside-bioshock-video-game-franchise-w439921 | title = Inside the Making of 'BioShock' Series With Creator Ken Levine | first = Chris | last = Sullentrope | date = September 14, 2016 | accessdate = March 2, 2017 | work = [[Glixel]] }}</ref> On February 18, 2014, the studio was restructured: Levine kept about 15 others, with Take-Two, [[2K Games]], and the studio helping to find positions for the other 75 employees.<ref name="gamespot shutdown">{{cite web | url = http://www.gamespot.com/articles/bioshock-creator-irrational-games-is-shutting-down/1100-6417821/ | title = BioShock creator Irrational Games is shutting down | first= Eddie | last = Makuch | date = February 18, 2014 | accessdate = February 23, 2017 | work = [[GameSpot]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.polygon.com/2014/2/28/5458470/irrational-games-closure-layoffs-75-job-fair-57-studios |title=Irrational Games closure led to 75 layoffs, job fair hosted 57 studios |date=February 28, 2014|accessdate=April 15, 2014 |publisher=Polygon}}</ref> At this point, Irrational was effectively shut down, though over the next few years, it would continue to provide new job openings.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Emily |last=Gera |url=http://www.polygon.com/2014/11/24/7274539/bioshock-developer-irrational-games-is-hiring-again |title=BioShock developer Irrational Games is hiring again |publisher=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date=November 24, 2014 |accessdate=April 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first=Dave |last=Tach |url=http://www.polygon.com/2015/5/6/8558865/irrational-games-hiring-senior-programmer |title=BioShock creator Irrational Games continues to hire for its mystery project |publisher=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date=May 6, 2015 |accessdate=April 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first=Allegra |last=Frank |url=http://www.polygon.com/2015/12/11/9891652/irrational-games-new-game-fps-steam-bioshock |title=Irrational Games hiring for 'narrative first-person shooter' project |publisher=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date=December 11, 2015 |accessdate=April 20, 2016}}</ref>
Irrational Games had a history of several successful titles, including ''[[BioShock]]'' and ''[[BioShock Infinite]]'', both helmed by Levine. Levine expressed how much stress completing a large title was at the conclusion of work of ''BioShock Infinite'', and decided that he would drastically trim down the studio "to refocus my energy on a smaller team with a flatter structure and a more direct relationship with gamers. In many ways, it will be a return to how we started: a small team making games for the core gaming audience."<ref name="gamespot shutdown"/> While Levine had considered founding a new startup for this endeavor, Take-Two convinced Levine that they would still be the best place for his studio.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/we-were-all-miserable-inside-bioshock-video-game-franchise-w439921 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160916112859/http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/we-were-all-miserable-inside-bioshock-video-game-franchise-w439921 | url-status = dead | archive-date = September 16, 2016 | title = Inside the Making of 'BioShock' Series With Creator Ken Levine | first = Chris | last = Sullentrope | date = September 14, 2016 | access-date = March 2, 2017 | work = [[Glixel]] }}</ref> On February 18, 2014, the studio was restructured: Levine kept about 15 others, with Take-Two, [[2K Games]], and the studio helping to find positions for the other 75 employees.<ref name="gamespot shutdown">{{cite web | url = http://www.gamespot.com/articles/bioshock-creator-irrational-games-is-shutting-down/1100-6417821/ | title = BioShock creator Irrational Games is shutting down | first= Eddie | last = Makuch | date = February 18, 2014 | access-date = February 23, 2017 | work = [[GameSpot]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.polygon.com/2014/2/28/5458470/irrational-games-closure-layoffs-75-job-fair-57-studios |title=Irrational Games closure led to 75 layoffs, job fair hosted 57 studios |date=February 28, 2014|access-date=April 15, 2014 |publisher=Polygon}}</ref> At this point, Irrational was effectively shut down, though over the next few years, it would continue to provide new job openings.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Emily |last=Gera |url=http://www.polygon.com/2014/11/24/7274539/bioshock-developer-irrational-games-is-hiring-again |title=BioShock developer Irrational Games is hiring again |publisher=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date=November 24, 2014 |access-date=April 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first=Dave |last=Tach |url=http://www.polygon.com/2015/5/6/8558865/irrational-games-hiring-senior-programmer |title=BioShock creator Irrational Games continues to hire for its mystery project |publisher=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date=May 6, 2015 |access-date=April 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first=Allegra |last=Frank |url=http://www.polygon.com/2015/12/11/9891652/irrational-games-new-game-fps-steam-bioshock |title=Irrational Games hiring for 'narrative first-person shooter' project |publisher=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date=December 11, 2015 |access-date=April 20, 2016}}</ref>


In October 2016, several video game journalists noted that Take-Two had filed a [[trademark]] for the name "Ghost Story", related to video games, but otherwise not clear what this was for.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamespot.com/articles/gta-red-dead-parent-company-files-trademark-for-gh/1100-6444514/ | title = GTA, Red Dead Parent Company Files Trademark for "Ghost Story" | first = Eddie | last = Makuch | date = October 17, 2016 | accessdate = March 2, 2017 | work = [[GameSpot]] }}</ref> On February 23, 2017, the studio announced it had rebranded itself as Ghost Story Games, though they were treating it as a fresh start as a newly founded studio.<ref name="gamasutra rebrand">{{cite web | url = http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/292413/BioShock_developer_Irrational_Games_rebrands_as_Ghost_Story.php | title = BioShock developer Irrational Games rebrands as Ghost Story | first = Chris | last = Kerr | date = February 24, 2017 | accessdate = March 2, 2017 | work = [[Gamasutra]] }}</ref> It was founded by 12 of the former Irrational members with Levine still as president and creative director.<ref name="gamespot ghoststory">{{cite web | url = http://www.gamespot.com/articles/former-bioshock-studio-irrational-games-adopts-a-n/1100-6448166/ | title = Former BioShock Studio Irrational Games Adopts A New Name | first = Chris | last= Pereira |date = February 23, 2017 | accessdate = February 23, 2017 | work = [[GameSpot]] }}</ref> The studio's focus is "to create immersive, story-driven games for people who love games that ask something of them";<ref name="gamespot ghoststory"/> the name was chosen as [[ghost story|ghost stories]] "are immersive, exciting, and steeped in community", similar to their design philosophies.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.polygon.com/2017/2/23/14717902/irrational-games-changes-name-ghost-story-games | title = Irrational is now called Ghost Story Games | first = Charlie | last = Hall | date = February 23, 2017 | accessdate = February 23, 2017 | work = [[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] }}</ref> As of this point, the studio had about 25 employees.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.pcgamer.com/irrational-games-is-gonesay-hello-to-ghost-story/ | title = Irrational Games is gone—say hello to Ghost Story | first= Andy | last = Chalk | date = February 23, 2017 | accessdate = February 23, 2017 | work = [[PC Gamer]] }}</ref>
In October 2016, several video game journalists noted that Take-Two had filed a [[trademark]] for the name "Ghost Story", related to video games, but otherwise not clear what this was for.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamespot.com/articles/gta-red-dead-parent-company-files-trademark-for-gh/1100-6444514/ | title = GTA, Red Dead Parent Company Files Trademark for "Ghost Story" | first = Eddie | last = Makuch | date = October 17, 2016 | access-date = March 2, 2017 | work = [[GameSpot]] }}</ref> On February 22, 2017,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ghoststorygames.com/blog/2017/02/22/welcome-to-ghost-story/ |title=Welcome to Ghost Story |first=Jason |last=Shafiee |date=February 22, 2017 |website=Ghost Story Games}}</ref> the studio announced it had rebranded itself as Ghost Story Games, though they were treating it as a fresh start as a newly founded studio.<ref name="gamasutra rebrand">{{cite web | url = http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/292413/BioShock_developer_Irrational_Games_rebrands_as_Ghost_Story.php | title = BioShock developer Irrational Games rebrands as Ghost Story | first = Chris | last = Kerr | date = February 24, 2017 | access-date = March 2, 2017 | work = [[Gamasutra]] }}</ref> It was founded by 12 of the former Irrational members with Levine still as president and creative director.<ref name="gamespot ghoststory">{{cite web | url = http://www.gamespot.com/articles/former-bioshock-studio-irrational-games-adopts-a-n/1100-6448166/ | title = Former BioShock Studio Irrational Games Adopts A New Name | first = Chris | last= Pereira |date = February 23, 2017 | access-date = February 23, 2017 | work = [[GameSpot]] }}</ref> The studio's focus is "to create immersive, story-driven games for people who love games that ask something of them";<ref name="gamespot ghoststory"/> the name was chosen as [[ghost story|ghost stories]] "are immersive, exciting, and steeped in community", similar to their design philosophies.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.polygon.com/2017/2/23/14717902/irrational-games-changes-name-ghost-story-games | title = Irrational is now called Ghost Story Games | first = Charlie | last = Hall | date = February 23, 2017 | access-date = February 23, 2017 | work = [[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] }}</ref> As of this point, the studio had about 25 employees.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.pcgamer.com/irrational-games-is-gonesay-hello-to-ghost-story/ | title = Irrational Games is gone—say hello to Ghost Story | first= Andy | last = Chalk | date = February 23, 2017 | access-date = February 23, 2017 | work = [[PC Gamer]] }}</ref>


While details of their first game have yet to be made public, Levine has spoken on elements that they are trying to develop for it. At the 2014 [[Game Developers Conference]] following the restructure, Levine presented his idea of "narrative [[Lego]]s" that he wanted to explore with this studio. Levine stated that in this concept, they can distill narrative elements to key aspects that the player can learn, act upon, and affect a non-linear narrative story, and then combine them in a way to make a player-driven, highly-replayable game.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.pcgamesn.com/narrative-legos-ken-levines-new-narrative-design-philosophy | title = Narrative Legos: Ken Levine's new narrative design philosophy | first = Frasier | last = Brown | date = March 21, 2014 | accessdate = March 1, 2017 | work = [[PCGamesN]] }}</ref> In January 2015, Levine said that their first game with the narrative Legos concept will be a "first-person sci-fi" game.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2015-01-28-ken-levine-teases-new-first-person-sci-fi-project | title = BioShock creator Ken Levine teases new first-person sci-fi project | first = Tom | last = Phillips | date = January 28, 2015 | accessdate = May 28, 2015 | publisher = [[Eurogamer]] }}</ref> During a presentation at the March 2017 [[EGX Rezzed]] conference, Levine said that this game uses a system inspired by the Nemesis System within ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor]]'', which he found provided a way to include a larger metanarrative in a game without having to customize a lot of story or dialog for it. Further, he said they included the idea of "radical recognition", in which the game's world responds in some way to actions that the player makes in a more programmatic manner, in contrast to the narrative approach used by [[Telltale Games]] which simply features branching decisions.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ign.com/articles/2017/03/30/bioshock-creator-ken-levine-compares-new-game-to-a-much-more-ambitious-shadow-of-mordor-nemesis-system | title = Bioshock Creator Compares New Game to a "Much More Ambitious" Shadow of Mordor Nemesis System | first = Joe | last= Skrebels | date = March 30, 2017 | accessdate = March 30, 2017 | work = [[IGN]] }}</ref> Levine also anticipated the game will not be as "smooth" for players in contrast to the ''BioShock'' games, in that he does not anticipate that they will explain how the game's mechanics work directly to the player but require the player to figure out as they go.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2017-03-30-ken-levines-next-game-will-be-more-challenging-than-bioshock | title = Ken Levine's next game will be "more challenging" than BioShock | first = Tom | last = Phillips | date = March 31, 2017 | accessdate = March 31, 2017 | work = [[Eurogamer]] }}</ref>
While details of their first game have yet to be made public, Levine has spoken on elements that they are trying to develop for it. At the 2014 [[Game Developers Conference]] following the restructure, Levine presented his idea of "narrative [[Lego]]s" that he wanted to explore with this studio. Levine stated that in this concept, they can distill narrative elements to key aspects that the player can learn, act upon, and affect a non-linear narrative story, and then combine them in a way to make a player-driven, highly-replayable game.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.pcgamesn.com/narrative-legos-ken-levines-new-narrative-design-philosophy | title = Narrative Legos: Ken Levine's new narrative design philosophy | first = Frasier | last = Brown | date = March 21, 2014 | access-date = March 1, 2017 | work = [[PCGamesN]] }}</ref> In January 2015, Levine said that their first game with the narrative Legos concept will be a "first-person sci-fi" game.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2015-01-28-ken-levine-teases-new-first-person-sci-fi-project | title = BioShock creator Ken Levine teases new first-person sci-fi project | first = Tom | last = Phillips | date = January 28, 2015 | access-date = May 28, 2015 | publisher = [[Eurogamer]] }}</ref> During a presentation at the March 2017 [[EGX Rezzed]] conference, Levine said that this game uses a system inspired by the Nemesis System within ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor]]'', which he found provided a way to include a larger metanarrative in a game without having to customize a lot of story or dialog for it. Further, he said they included the idea of "radical recognition", in which the game's world responds in some way to actions that the player makes in a more programmatic manner, in contrast to the narrative approach used by [[Telltale Games]] which simply features branching decisions.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ign.com/articles/2017/03/30/bioshock-creator-ken-levine-compares-new-game-to-a-much-more-ambitious-shadow-of-mordor-nemesis-system | title = Bioshock Creator Compares New Game to a "Much More Ambitious" Shadow of Mordor Nemesis System | first = Joe | last= Skrebels | date = March 30, 2017 | access-date = March 30, 2017 | work = [[IGN]] }}</ref> Levine also anticipated the game will not be as "smooth" for players in contrast to the ''BioShock'' games, in that he does not anticipate that they will explain how the game's mechanics work directly to the player but require the player to figure out as they go.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2017-03-30-ken-levines-next-game-will-be-more-challenging-than-bioshock | title = Ken Levine's next game will be "more challenging" than BioShock | first = Tom | last = Phillips | date = March 31, 2017 | access-date = March 31, 2017 | work = [[Eurogamer]] }}</ref>

By the start of 2022, ''[[Bloomberg News]]'' reported that work on the studio's first game had fallen into [[development hell]], having been in progress for at least seven years. Employees of the studio, speaking to ''Bloomberg'', stated that the development had been setback by several reboots of the game and changes in direction made by Levine, as well as Levine's management style which had led to [[ Occupational burnout|employee burnout]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-03/bioshock-creator-s-next-game-and-its-narrative-legos-in-turmoil | title = The Next Video Game From BioShock's Creator Is in Development Hell | first= Jason | last = Schreier | date = January 3, 2022 | accessdate = January 3, 2022 | work = [[Bloomberg News]] | archive-url = https://archive.today/20220103175237/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-03/bioshock-creator-s-next-game-and-its-narrative-legos-in-turmoil#selection-3017.0-3017.66 | archive-date = January 3, 2022 }}</ref>

The studio's first game, ''[[Judas (video game)|Judas]]'', was announced at [[The Game Awards 2022]]. It is planned for release on [[PlayStation 5]], [[Xbox Series X/S]] and [[Windows]] during Take Two's 2025 fiscal year which ends March 31, 2025.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/bioshock-creator-ken-levines-latest-game-is-judas/ | title = BioShock creator Ken Levine's latest game is Judas | first = Chris | last = Scullion | date = December 8, 2022 | accessdate = December 8, 2022 | work = [[Video Games Chronicle]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/bioshock-creator-ken-levines-new-game-now-has-an-official-launch-window/ | title = BioShock creator Ken Levine's new game now has an official launch window | first =Tom | last = Ivan |date = February 7, 2023 | accessdate = February 7, 2023 | work = [[Video Games Chronicle]] }}</ref>


== Notes ==
== Notes ==
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{{Irrational Games}}
{{Irrational Games}}


[[Category:Companies based in Boston]]
[[Category:2017 establishments in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Irrational Games| ]]
[[Category:American companies established in 2017]]
[[Category:Companies based in Norfolk County, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Irrational Games]]
[[Category:Take-Two Interactive divisions and subsidiaries]]
[[Category:Take-Two Interactive divisions and subsidiaries]]
[[Category:Video game companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Video game companies established in 2017]]
[[Category:Video game companies established in 2017]]
[[Category:2017 establishments in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Video game companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Video game development companies]]
[[Category:Video game development companies]]
[[Category:Westwood, Massachusetts]]

Latest revision as of 01:16, 9 May 2024

Ghost Story Games, LLC
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustrieVideo games
PredecessorIrrational Games
GegründetFebruary 22, 2017; 7 years ago (2017-02-22)[a]
GründerKen Levine
Hauptsitz
Westwood, Massachusetts
,
US
Key people
Number of employees
33 (2020)
ParentTake-Two Interactive
Websiteghoststorygames.com

Ghost Story Games, LLC is an American video game developer based in Westwood, Massachusetts, and led by Ken Levine. The studio is the rebranding of Irrational Games as announced in February 2017, and while still the same business subsidiary under Take-Two Interactive, the rebranding was considered a fresh start by the founders as they move into more emergent narrative-driven titles compared to the larger titles they had made under Irrational.

History

[edit]

Irrational Games had a history of several successful titles, including BioShock and BioShock Infinite, both helmed by Levine. Levine expressed how much stress completing a large title was at the conclusion of work of BioShock Infinite, and decided that he would drastically trim down the studio "to refocus my energy on a smaller team with a flatter structure and a more direct relationship with gamers. In many ways, it will be a return to how we started: a small team making games for the core gaming audience."[2] While Levine had considered founding a new startup for this endeavor, Take-Two convinced Levine that they would still be the best place for his studio.[3] On February 18, 2014, the studio was restructured: Levine kept about 15 others, with Take-Two, 2K Games, and the studio helping to find positions for the other 75 employees.[2][4] At this point, Irrational was effectively shut down, though over the next few years, it would continue to provide new job openings.[5][6][7]

In October 2016, several video game journalists noted that Take-Two had filed a trademark for the name "Ghost Story", related to video games, but otherwise not clear what this was for.[8] On February 22, 2017,[9] the studio announced it had rebranded itself as Ghost Story Games, though they were treating it as a fresh start as a newly founded studio.[1] It was founded by 12 of the former Irrational members with Levine still as president and creative director.[10] The studio's focus is "to create immersive, story-driven games for people who love games that ask something of them";[10] the name was chosen as ghost stories "are immersive, exciting, and steeped in community", similar to their design philosophies.[11] As of this point, the studio had about 25 employees.[12]

While details of their first game have yet to be made public, Levine has spoken on elements that they are trying to develop for it. At the 2014 Game Developers Conference following the restructure, Levine presented his idea of "narrative Legos" that he wanted to explore with this studio. Levine stated that in this concept, they can distill narrative elements to key aspects that the player can learn, act upon, and affect a non-linear narrative story, and then combine them in a way to make a player-driven, highly-replayable game.[13] In January 2015, Levine said that their first game with the narrative Legos concept will be a "first-person sci-fi" game.[14] During a presentation at the March 2017 EGX Rezzed conference, Levine said that this game uses a system inspired by the Nemesis System within Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor, which he found provided a way to include a larger metanarrative in a game without having to customize a lot of story or dialog for it. Further, he said they included the idea of "radical recognition", in which the game's world responds in some way to actions that the player makes in a more programmatic manner, in contrast to the narrative approach used by Telltale Games which simply features branching decisions.[15] Levine also anticipated the game will not be as "smooth" for players in contrast to the BioShock games, in that he does not anticipate that they will explain how the game's mechanics work directly to the player but require the player to figure out as they go.[16]

By the start of 2022, Bloomberg News reported that work on the studio's first game had fallen into development hell, having been in progress for at least seven years. Employees of the studio, speaking to Bloomberg, stated that the development had been setback by several reboots of the game and changes in direction made by Levine, as well as Levine's management style which had led to employee burnout.[17]

The studio's first game, Judas, was announced at The Game Awards 2022. It is planned for release on PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X/S and Windows during Take Two's 2025 fiscal year which ends March 31, 2025.[18][19]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Ghost Story Games is a rebranding of Irrational Games that was founded in 1997, but the studio considers this rebranding as a fresh start and a separate history from their Irrational Games background.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Kerr, Chris (February 24, 2017). "BioShock developer Irrational Games rebrands as Ghost Story". Gamasutra. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
  2. ^ a b Makuch, Eddie (February 18, 2014). "BioShock creator Irrational Games is shutting down". GameSpot. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  3. ^ Sullentrope, Chris (September 14, 2016). "Inside the Making of 'BioShock' Series With Creator Ken Levine". Glixel. Archived from the original on September 16, 2016. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
  4. ^ "Irrational Games closure led to 75 layoffs, job fair hosted 57 studios". Polygon. February 28, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2014.
  5. ^ Gera, Emily (November 24, 2014). "BioShock developer Irrational Games is hiring again". Polygon. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
  6. ^ Tach, Dave (May 6, 2015). "BioShock creator Irrational Games continues to hire for its mystery project". Polygon. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
  7. ^ Frank, Allegra (December 11, 2015). "Irrational Games hiring for 'narrative first-person shooter' project". Polygon. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
  8. ^ Makuch, Eddie (October 17, 2016). "GTA, Red Dead Parent Company Files Trademark for "Ghost Story"". GameSpot. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
  9. ^ Shafiee, Jason (February 22, 2017). "Welcome to Ghost Story". Ghost Story Games.
  10. ^ a b Pereira, Chris (February 23, 2017). "Former BioShock Studio Irrational Games Adopts A New Name". GameSpot. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  11. ^ Hall, Charlie (February 23, 2017). "Irrational is now called Ghost Story Games". Polygon. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  12. ^ Chalk, Andy (February 23, 2017). "Irrational Games is gone—say hello to Ghost Story". PC Gamer. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  13. ^ Brown, Frasier (March 21, 2014). "Narrative Legos: Ken Levine's new narrative design philosophy". PCGamesN. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
  14. ^ Phillips, Tom (January 28, 2015). "BioShock creator Ken Levine teases new first-person sci-fi project". Eurogamer. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
  15. ^ Skrebels, Joe (March 30, 2017). "Bioshock Creator Compares New Game to a "Much More Ambitious" Shadow of Mordor Nemesis System". IGN. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
  16. ^ Phillips, Tom (March 31, 2017). "Ken Levine's next game will be "more challenging" than BioShock". Eurogamer. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
  17. ^ Schreier, Jason (January 3, 2022). "The Next Video Game From BioShock's Creator Is in Development Hell". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
  18. ^ Scullion, Chris (December 8, 2022). "BioShock creator Ken Levine's latest game is Judas". Video Games Chronicle. Retrieved December 8, 2022.
  19. ^ Ivan, Tom (February 7, 2023). "BioShock creator Ken Levine's new game now has an official launch window". Video Games Chronicle. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
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