Trilled affricate: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Consonants with a stop beginning and trill release}} |
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In [[articulatory phonetics]], '''trilled affricates''', also known as '''post-trilled consonants''', are [[consonants]] which begin as a [[stop consonant|stop]] and have a [[trill consonant|trill]] release. These consonants are reported to exist in some [[Northern Paman languages]] in [[Australia]],<ref>[[Kenneth L. Hale|Hale, Kenneth]] (1976). "Phonological Developments in Particular Northern Paman Languages." In: ''Languages of Cape York'', ed. Peter Sutton. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.</ref> as well as in some [[Chapacuran languages]] such [[Wariʼ language]] and [[Austronesian languages]] such as [[Fijian language|Fijian]] and [[Malagasy language|Malagasy]]. |
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! Sound (voiceless) !! IPA !! Languages !! Sound (voiced) !! IPA !! Languages |
! Sound (voiceless) !! IPA !! Languages !! Sound (voiced) !! IPA !! Languages |
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| Voiceless [[Voiceless bilabial trill|trilled bilabial]] affricate ||{{IPA|[pʙ̥]}} || Not attested in any natural language. || Voiced [[Bilabial trill|trilled bilabial]] affricate || {{IPA|[bʙ]}} || [[Kele language (New Guinea)|Kele]] and [[Malekula Central languages|Avava]]. Only reported in an allophone of [mb] before [o] or [u] |
| Voiceless [[Voiceless bilabial trill|trilled bilabial]] affricate ||{{IPA|[pʙ̥]}} || Not attested in any natural language. || Voiced [[Bilabial trill|trilled bilabial]] affricate || {{IPA|[bʙ]}} || [[Kele language (New Guinea)|Kele]] and [[Malekula Central languages|Avava]]. Only reported in an allophone of [mb] before [o] or [u], [[Namuyi]] |
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| Voiceless [[Voiceless alveolar trill|trilled alveolar]] affricate || {{IPA|[tr̥]}} || [[Ngkoth language|Ngkoth]] |
| Voiceless [[Voiceless alveolar trill|trilled alveolar]] affricate || {{IPA|[tr̥]}} || [[Ngkoth language|Ngkoth]] |
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| Voiced [[Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills|trilled alveolar]] affricate || {{IPA|[dr]}} || [[Nias language|Nias]] |
| Voiced [[Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills|trilled alveolar]] affricate || {{IPA|[dr]}} || [[Nias language|Nias]], [[Fijian language|Fijian]] and [[Avava language|Avava]] also have this sound after [n]. |
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| Voiceless epiglottal affricate || {{IPA|[ʡʜ]}} || Not attested in any natural language. || Voiced epiglottal affricate || {{IPA|[ʡʢ]}} || Hydaburg [[Haida language|Haida]]. Cognate to Southern Haida {{IPA|[ɢ]}}, Masset Haida {{IPA|[ʕ]}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/1993_Bessell.pdf |title= Bessell 1993 |access-date=2015-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304185927/http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/1993_Bessell.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |
| Voiceless epiglottal affricate || {{IPA|[ʡʜ]}} || Not attested in any natural language. || Voiced epiglottal affricate || {{IPA|[ʡʢ]}} || Hydaburg [[Haida language|Haida]]. Cognate to Southern Haida {{IPA|[ɢ]}}, Masset Haida {{IPA|[ʕ]}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/1993_Bessell.pdf |title= Bessell 1993 |access-date=2015-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304185927/http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/1993_Bessell.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> |
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In Fijian, trilling is rare in these sounds, and they are frequently distinguished by being [[postalveolar]].<ref>{{SOWL}} p. 131</ref> In Malagasy, they may have a rhotic release, {{IPA|[ʈɽ̝̊ ɳʈɽ̝̊ ɖɽ̝ ɳɖɽ̝]}}, be simple stops, {{IPA|[ʈ ɳʈ ɖ ɳɖ]}}, or standard affricates, {{IPA|[ʈʂ ɳʈʂ ɖʐ ɳɖʐ]}}. |
In Fijian, trilling is rare in these sounds, and they are frequently distinguished by being [[postalveolar]].<ref>{{SOWL}} p. 131</ref> In Malagasy, they may have a rhotic release, {{IPA|[ʈɽ̝̊ ɳʈɽ̝̊ ɖɽ̝ ɳɖɽ̝]}}, be simple stops, {{IPA|[ʈ ɳʈ ɖ ɳɖ]}}, or standard affricates, {{IPA|[ʈʂ ɳʈʂ ɖʐ ɳɖʐ]}}. |
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Most post-trilled consonants are affricates: the stop and trill share the same [[place of articulation]]. However, there is a rare exception in a few neighboring Amazonian languages, where a voiceless [[bilabial trill|bilabially post-trilled]] dental stop, {{IPA|[t̪͡ʙ̥]}} (occasionally written |
Most post-trilled consonants are affricates: the stop and trill share the same [[place of articulation]]. However, there is a rare exception in a few neighboring Amazonian languages, where a voiceless [[bilabial trill|bilabially post-trilled]] dental stop, {{IPA|[t̪͡ʙ̥]}} (occasionally written {{IPA|[tᵖ]}}) is reported from [[Pirahã language#The bilabially trilled affricate|Pirahã]] and from a few words in the [[Chapacuran languages]] [[Wariʼ language|Wariʼ]] and [[Oro Win language|Oro Win]]. <!--This sound also appears as an [[allophone]] of the labialized [[voiceless alveolar stop]] {{IPA|/tʷ/}} of [[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]] and [[Ubykh language|Ubykh]], but in those languages it is more often realised by a doubly articulated stop {{IPA|[t͡p]}}.--> In the Chapacuran languages, {{IPA|[tʙ̥]}} is reported almost exclusively before rounded vowels such as {{IPA|[o]}} and {{IPA|[y]}}. |
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Hydaburg Haida {{IPA|[ʡʢ]}} is cognate to Southern Haida {{IPA|[ɢ]}}, Masset Haida {{IPA|[ʕ]}}.<ref> |
Hydaburg Haida {{IPA|[ʡʢ]}} is cognate to Southern Haida {{IPA|[ɢ]}}, Masset Haida {{IPA|[ʕ]}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/1993_Bessell.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-08-06 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304185927/http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/1993_Bessell.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
Revision as of 20:00, 9 May 2024
In articulatory phonetics, trilled affricates, also known as post-trilled consonants, are consonants which begin as a stop and have a trill release. These consonants are reported to exist in some Northern Paman languages in Australia,[1] as well as in some Chapacuran languages such Wariʼ language and Austronesian languages such as Fijian and Malagasy.
Sound (voiceless) | IPA | Languages | Sound (voiced) | IPA | Languages |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Voiceless trilled bilabial affricate | [pʙ̥] | Not attested in any natural language. | Voiced trilled bilabial affricate | [bʙ] | Kele and Avava. Only reported in an allophone of [mb] before [o] or [u], Namuyi |
Voiceless trilled alveolar affricate | [tr̥] | Ngkoth | Voiced trilled alveolar affricate | [dr] | Nias, Fijian and Avava also have this sound after [n]. |
Voiceless epiglottal affricate | [ʡʜ] | Not attested in any natural language. | Voiced epiglottal affricate | [ʡʢ] | Hydaburg Haida. Cognate to Southern Haida [ɢ], Masset Haida [ʕ].[2] |
In Fijian, trilling is rare in these sounds, and they are frequently distinguished by being postalveolar.[3] In Malagasy, they may have a rhotic release, [ʈɽ̝̊ ɳʈɽ̝̊ ɖɽ̝ ɳɖɽ̝], be simple stops, [ʈ ɳʈ ɖ ɳɖ], or standard affricates, [ʈʂ ɳʈʂ ɖʐ ɳɖʐ].
Most post-trilled consonants are affricates: the stop and trill share the same place of articulation. However, there is a rare exception in a few neighboring Amazonian languages, where a voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop, [t̪͡ʙ̥] (occasionally written [tᵖ]) is reported from Pirahã and from a few words in the Chapacuran languages Wariʼ and Oro Win. In the Chapacuran languages, [tʙ̥] is reported almost exclusively before rounded vowels such as [o] and [y].
Hydaburg Haida [ʡʢ] is cognate to Southern Haida [ɢ], Masset Haida [ʕ].[4]
References
- ^ Hale, Kenneth (1976). "Phonological Developments in Particular Northern Paman Languages." In: Languages of Cape York, ed. Peter Sutton. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.
- ^ "Bessell 1993" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-06-05.
- ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19815-6. p. 131
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-08-06.
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: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)