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{{Short description|Genus of grasses}}
{{Short description|Genus of grasses}}
{{For|the taxonomic synonym for a genus of sedges|Carex}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Phyllostachys.jpg
|image = Phyllostachys.jpg
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is a [[genus]] of Asian [[bamboo]] in the [[Poaceae|grass family]].<ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11357873#page/867/mode/1up Siebold, Philipp Franz Balthasar von, & Zuccarini, Joseph Gerhard. 1843. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 3(3): 745–749] descriptions in Latin, commentary in German</ref><ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11357873#page/881/mode/1up Siebold, Philipp Franz Balthasar von, & Zuccarini, Joseph Gerhard. 1843. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 3(3): plate V (5), figure III (3) at lower right] line drawings of ''Phyllostachys bambusoides''</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40007855 Tropicos, ''Phyllostachys'' Siebold & Zucc.]</ref> Many of the species are found in central and southern [[China]], with a few species in northern [[Indochina]] and in the [[Himalayas]]. Some of the species have become naturalized in parts of Asia, Australia, the Americas, and southern Europe.<ref name=h>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=125246 Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 163 <big>刚竹属</big> gang zhu shu ''Phyllostachys'' Siebold & Zuccarini, Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3: 745. 1843. ]</ref>
is a [[genus]] of Asian [[bamboo]] in the [[Poaceae|grass family]].<ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11357873#page/867/mode/1up Siebold, Philipp Franz Balthasar von, & Zuccarini, Joseph Gerhard. 1843. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 3(3): 745–749] descriptions in Latin, commentary in German</ref><ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11357873#page/881/mode/1up Siebold, Philipp Franz Balthasar von, & Zuccarini, Joseph Gerhard. 1843. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 3(3): plate V (5), figure III (3) at lower right] line drawings of ''Phyllostachys bambusoides''</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40007855 Tropicos, ''Phyllostachys'' Siebold & Zucc.]</ref> Many of the species are found in central and southern [[China]], with a few species in northern [[Indochina]] and in the [[Himalayas]]. Some of the species have become naturalized in parts of Asia, Australia, the Americas, and southern Europe.<ref name=h>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=125246 Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 163 <big>刚竹属</big> gang zhu shu ''Phyllostachys'' Siebold & Zuccarini, Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3: 745. 1843. ]</ref>


The stem or [[Culm (botany)|culm]] has a prominent groove, called a [[Sulcus (anatomy)|sulcus]], that runs along the length of each segment (or internode). Because of this, it is one of the most easily identifiable genera of bamboo. Most of the species spread aggressively by underground rhizomes.<ref name=h/>
The stem or [[Culm (botany)|culm]] has a prominent groove, called a [[Sulcus (anatomy)|sulcus]], that runs along the length of each segment (or internode). Because of this, it is one of the most easily identifiable genera of bamboo. Most of the species spread aggressively by underground rhizomes.<ref name=h/> Being [[Pioneer species|pioneer plants]], phyllostachys species will not spread quickly or achieve mature height without access to direct sunlight throughout most of the day.


Some species of ''Phyllostachys'' grow to 100&nbsp;ft (30 m) tall in optimum conditions. Some of the larger species, sometimes known as "timber bamboo", are used as construction timber and for making [[furniture]].<ref name=h/> Several species are cultivated as ornamental plants, though they can become invasive and troublesome in gardens, unless artificially restricted or grown in containers.<ref name=RHSAZ>{{cite book | editor-last = Brickell | editor-first = Christopher | title = The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants | year = 2008 | page = 810 | publisher = Dorling Kindersley | location = United Kingdom | isbn = 9781405332965}}</ref>
Some species of ''Phyllostachys'' grow to 100&nbsp;ft (30 m) tall in optimum conditions. Some of the larger species, sometimes known as "timber bamboo", are used as construction timber and for making [[furniture]].<ref name=h/> Several species are cultivated as ornamental plants, though they can become invasive and troublesome in gardens, unless artificially restricted or grown in containers.<ref name=RHSAZ>{{cite book | editor-last = Brickell | editor-first = Christopher | title = The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants | year = 2008 | page = 810 | publisher = Dorling Kindersley | location = United Kingdom | isbn = 9781405332965}}</ref>
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==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
;Species<ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Phyllostachys The Plant List search for ''Phyllostachys'']</ref>
;Species<ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Phyllostachys The Plant List search for ''Phyllostachys'']</ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|
# ''[[Phyllostachys acuta]]''
# ''[[Phyllostachys acuta]]''
# ''[[Phyllostachys angusta]]''
# ''[[Phyllostachys angusta]]''
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;Formerly included<ref name=y/>
;Formerly included<ref name=y/>
species now considered better suited to other genera: ''[[Bambusa]] [[Chimonobambusa]] [[Pseudosasa]] [[Semiarundinaria]] [[Shibataea]]''
species now considered better suited to other genera: ''[[Bambusa]] [[Chimonobambusa]] [[Pseudosasa]] [[Semiarundinaria]] [[Shibataea]]''
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* ''Phyllostachys fastuosa – [[Semiarundinaria fastuosa]]''
* ''Phyllostachys fastuosa – [[Semiarundinaria fastuosa]]''
* ''Phyllostachys kumasasa – [[Shibataea kumasasa]]''
* ''Phyllostachys kumasasa – [[Shibataea kumasasa]]''
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}}</ref>
}}</ref>


[[New York (state)|New York]] has proposed regulations listing'' [[Phyllostachys aurea|P. aurea]]'' and ''[[Phyllostachys aureosulcata|P. aureosulcata]]'' as prohibited invasive species.
[[New York (state)|New York]] has regulations listing'' [[Phyllostachys aurea|P. aurea]]'' and ''[[Phyllostachys aureosulcata|P. aureosulcata]]'' as prohibited invasive species.
<ref>{{cite web
<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.dec.ny.gov/regulations/2359.html
| url= http://www.dec.ny.gov/regulations/2359.html
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| title= Proposed Regulations : 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species Express Terms
| title= Proposed Regulations : 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species Express Terms
| access-date= 2014-05-06
| access-date= 2014-05-06
| archive-date= 2016-03-02
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160302015724/http://www.dec.ny.gov/regulations/93848.html
| url-status= dead
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


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* {{cite web|url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40007855?projectid=10|work=Tropicos.org|publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden|title=''Phyllostachys'' Siebold & Zucc.|access-date=2012-07-30}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40007855?projectid=10|work=Tropicos.org|publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden|title=''Phyllostachys'' Siebold & Zucc.|access-date=2012-07-30}}
* http://delta-intkey.com/grass/www/phyllost.htm
* http://delta-intkey.com/grass/www/phyllost.htm
{{Commons category-inline|Phyllostachys|''Phyllostachys''}}
* {{Commons category-inline|Phyllostachys|''Phyllostachys''}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q132640}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q132640}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Phyllostachys| ]]
[[Category:Phyllostachys| ]]
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[[Category:Garden plants of Asia]]
[[Category:Garden plants of Asia]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Philipp Franz von Siebold]]

Latest revision as of 20:18, 11 May 2024

For the taxonomic synonym for a genus of sedges, see Carex.

Phyllostachys
Phyllostachys nigra
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Bambusoideae
Tribe: Arundinarieae
Subtribe: Arundinariinae
Genus: Phyllostachys
Siebold & Zucc.
Synonyms[1]

Sinoarundinaria Ohwi

Phyllostachys (/ˌfɪloʊˈstækɪs, -lə-, -ˈsteɪ-/[2][3]) is a genus of Asian bamboo in the grass family.[4][5][6] Many of the species are found in central and southern China, with a few species in northern Indochina and in the Himalayas. Some of the species have become naturalized in parts of Asia, Australia, the Americas, and southern Europe.[7]

The stem or culm has a prominent groove, called a sulcus, that runs along the length of each segment (or internode). Because of this, it is one of the most easily identifiable genera of bamboo. Most of the species spread aggressively by underground rhizomes.[7] Being pioneer plants, phyllostachys species will not spread quickly or achieve mature height without access to direct sunlight throughout most of the day.

Some species of Phyllostachys grow to 100 ft (30 m) tall in optimum conditions. Some of the larger species, sometimes known as "timber bamboo", are used as construction timber and for making furniture.[7] Several species are cultivated as ornamental plants, though they can become invasive and troublesome in gardens, unless artificially restricted or grown in containers.[8]

The name Phyllostachys means "leaf spike" and refers to the inflorescences.[9]

Taxonomy

[edit]
Species[10]
  1. Phyllostachys acuta
  2. Phyllostachys angusta
  3. Phyllostachys arcana
  4. Phyllostachys atrovaginata
  5. Phyllostachys aurea
  6. Phyllostachys aureosulcata
  7. Phyllostachys bambusoides
  8. Phyllostachys bissetii
  9. Phyllostachys carnea
  10. Phyllostachys circumpilis
  11. Phyllostachys dulcis
  12. Phyllostachys edulis
  13. Phyllostachys elegans
  14. Phyllostachys fimbriligula
  15. Phyllostachys flexuosa
  16. Phyllostachys glabrata
  17. Phyllostachys glauca
  18. Phyllostachys guizhouensis
  19. Phyllostachys heteroclada
  20. Phyllostachys incarnata
  21. Phyllostachys iridescens
  22. Phyllostachys kwangsiensis
  23. Phyllostachys lofushanensis
  24. Phyllostachys mannii
  25. Phyllostachys meyeri
  26. Phyllostachys nidularia
  27. Phyllostachys nigella
  28. Phyllostachys nigra
  29. Phyllostachys nuda
  30. Phyllostachys parvifolia
  31. Phyllostachys platyglossa
  32. Phyllostachys prominens
  33. Phyllostachys propinqua
  34. Phyllostachys rivalis
  35. Phyllostachys robustiramea
  36. Phyllostachys rubicunda
  37. Phyllostachys rubromarginata
  38. Phyllostachys rutila
  39. Phyllostachys shuchengensis
  40. Phyllostachys stimulosa
  41. Phyllostachys sulphurea
  42. Phyllostachys tianmuensis
  43. Phyllostachys varioauriculata
  44. Phyllostachys veitchiana
  45. Phyllostachys verrucosa
  46. Phyllostachys violascens
  47. Phyllostachys virella
  48. Phyllostachys viridiglaucescens
  49. Phyllostachys vivax
Formerly included[1]

species now considered better suited to other genera: Bambusa Chimonobambusa Pseudosasa Semiarundinaria Shibataea

Ecology

[edit]

Fungi and pathogens growing specifically on Phyllostachys have phyllostachydis or phyllostachydicola species epithets.

Regulations

[edit]

Connecticut property owners are liable for the cost of removing Phyllostachys bamboo that grows onto neighboring property, any resulting damages, and fines of $100 per day for growing this bamboo within 40 ft of any adjoining property or public way. [11]

New York has regulations listing P. aurea and P. aureosulcata as prohibited invasive species. [12] [13]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ^ "Pronunciation Guide for Plants". Retrieved 2016-01-22.
  3. ^ "Pronunciation of phyllostachys". Retrieved 2016-01-22.
  4. ^ Siebold, Philipp Franz Balthasar von, & Zuccarini, Joseph Gerhard. 1843. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 3(3): 745–749 descriptions in Latin, commentary in German
  5. ^ Siebold, Philipp Franz Balthasar von, & Zuccarini, Joseph Gerhard. 1843. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 3(3): plate V (5), figure III (3) at lower right line drawings of Phyllostachys bambusoides
  6. ^ Tropicos, Phyllostachys Siebold & Zucc.
  7. ^ a b c Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 163 刚竹属 gang zhu shu Phyllostachys Siebold & Zuccarini, Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3: 745. 1843.
  8. ^ Brickell, Christopher, ed. (2008). The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 810. ISBN 9781405332965.
  9. ^ Coombes, Allen J. (2012). The A to Z of plant names. USA: Timber Press. pp. 312. ISBN 978-1-60469-196-2.
  10. ^ The Plant List search for Phyllostachys
  11. ^ "Connecticut General Statutes Title 22a Chapter 446i Section 22a-381e". Retrieved 2017-03-06.
  12. ^ "Lands and Forests Emergency, Proposed & Recently Adopted Regulations". Retrieved 2014-05-06.
  13. ^ "Proposed Regulations : 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species Express Terms". Archived from the original on 2016-03-02. Retrieved 2014-05-06.
[edit]
Wikispecies has information related to Phyllostachys.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phyllostachys&oldid=1223387450"