Asuncion Island: Difference between revisions
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'''Asuncion''' |
'''Asuncion''' (from [[Spanish language|Spanish]] meaning "assumption" in reference to the Spanish explorers belief in the "Assumption" of the Holy Virgin Mary) is an island in the [[Northern Mariana Islands]] chain in the [[Pacific Ocean]]. The island is uninhabited. Asuncion is situated {{convert|101|km|mi|sp=us}} northwest of [[Agrihan]] and {{convert|37|km|mi|abbr=on}} southeast of the [[Maug Islands]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oceandots.com/pacific/mariana/asuncion.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090707103827/http://www.oceandots.com/pacific/mariana/asuncion.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-07-07|title=Mariana Islands - Asuncion|date=2009-07-07|access-date=2019-07-10}}</ref> |
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==History == |
==History == |
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From a European perspective Asuncion was discovered in 1669 by the Spanish missionary [[Diego Luis de San Vitores]] who gave it its present name ([[Assumption of Mary]] in Spanish). It is likely that it was previously visited in 1522 by the Spanish sailor [[Castaway#Gonzalo de Vigo|Gonzalo de Vigo]], deserter from the [[Ferdinand Magellan|Magellan]] expedition in 1521, and also the first European castaway in the history of the Pacific.<ref>Coello, Francisco "Conflicto hispano-alemán" ''Boletín de Sociedad Geográfica de Madrid'', t.XIX. 2º semestre 1885, Madrid, p.233,301.</ref> In 1695, the native [[Chamorros]] were forcibly removed to [[Saipan]], and three years later to [[Guam]]. |
From a European perspective Asuncion was discovered in 1669 by the Spanish missionary [[Diego Luis de San Vitores]] who gave it its present name ([[Assumption of Mary]] in Spanish). It is likely that it was previously visited in 1522 by the Spanish sailor [[Castaway#Gonzalo de Vigo|Gonzalo de Vigo]], deserter from the [[Ferdinand Magellan|Magellan]] expedition in 1521, and also the first European castaway in the history of the Pacific.<ref>Coello, Francisco "Conflicto hispano-alemán" ''Boletín de Sociedad Geográfica de Madrid'', t.XIX. 2º semestre 1885, Madrid, p.233,301.</ref> In 1695, the native [[Chamorros]] were forcibly removed to [[Saipan]], and three years later to [[Guam]]. |
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Asuncion was ceded by Spain to Germany through the [[German–Spanish Treaty (1899)]], together with the rest of the [[Mariana Islands]] (except [[Guam]]). The formalities of the cession were carried out on November 17, 1899, in [[Saipan]], for all the [[Northern Mariana Islands]]. |
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Following the sale of the Northern Marianas by Spain to the [[German Empire]] in 1899, Asuncion was administered as part of [[German New Guinea]]. In 1903, the island was leased to a Japanese company, who hunted birds for feathers for export to [[Japan]], and from there to [[Paris]]. Six Japanese hunters died on the island in 1910 from illness. |
Following the sale of the Northern Marianas by Spain to the [[German Empire]] in 1899, Asuncion was administered as part of [[German New Guinea]]. In 1903, the island was leased to a Japanese company, who hunted birds for feathers for export to [[Japan]], and from there to [[Paris]]. Six Japanese hunters died on the island in 1910 from illness. |
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The volcano is asymmetrical, with steep northeast slopes terminating in high cliffs. The southwestern slopes are shallower and meet the sea in low cliffs. Coastlines are generally rocky. |
The volcano is asymmetrical, with steep northeast slopes terminating in high cliffs. The southwestern slopes are shallower and meet the sea in low cliffs. Coastlines are generally rocky. |
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Vegetation includes Swordgrass ''([[Miscanthus floridulus]])'' grasslands on the upper slopes, forests of Coconut Palm ''([[Cocos nucifera]]),'' with some '' [[Pandanus]] '' trees and Papaya ''([[Carica papaya]])'' on the lower slopes, along with native ''[[Pisonia]]''. |
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=== Vegetation === |
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The island is remarkable for having the most well-developed native forest among the Mariana Islands north of Saipan, despite being a relatively young island, owing to its protection from wind on the lee side of the mountain. It features a unique forest type dominated by the endemic tree, ''[[Terminalia rostrata]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Falanruw |first=Marjorie V. C. |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/179706 |title=Vegetation of Asuncion : a volcanic Northern Mariana Island |last2=Falanruw |first2=Marjorie V. C. |date=1989 |publisher=Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station |volume=PSW-28 |location=Berkeley, Calif}}</ref> Other vegetation includes Swordgrass ''([[Miscanthus floridulus]])'' grasslands on the upper slopes, forests of Coconut Palm ''([[Cocos nucifera]]),'' with some '' [[Pandanus]] '' trees and Papaya ''([[Carica papaya]])'' on the lower slopes, along with native ''[[Pisonia]]''. |
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===Important Bird Area=== |
===Important Bird Area=== |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[List of stratovolcanoes]] |
* [[List of stratovolcanoes]] |
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* ''[[Terminalia rostrata]]'' |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{commons category| Asuncion Island}} |
{{commons category| Asuncion Island}} |
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*{{cite web|url=http://www.oceandots.com/pacific/mariana/asuncion.php |title=oceandots.com |access-date=2009-03-14 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/pacific/mariana/asuncion.php |archive-date=2010-12-23 }} |
*{{cite web|url=http://www.oceandots.com/pacific/mariana/asuncion.php |title=oceandots.com |access-date=2009-03-14 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/pacific/mariana/asuncion.php |archive-date=2010-12-23 }} |
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* [http://islands.unep.ch/ILY.htm#3 UN earthwatch info on island] |
* [http://islands.unep.ch/ILY.htm#3 UN earthwatch info on island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214024808/http://islands.unep.ch/ILY.htm#3 |date=2022-02-14 }} |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140427193501/http://gaebler.info/sonstiges/marianen.htm#asuncion Pascal Horst Lehne and Christoph Gäbler: ''Über die Marianen.'' Lehne-Verlag, Wohldorf in Germany 1972.] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140427193501/http://gaebler.info/sonstiges/marianen.htm#asuncion Pascal Horst Lehne and Christoph Gäbler: ''Über die Marianen.'' Lehne-Verlag, Wohldorf in Germany 1972.] |
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* {{cite gvp|name=Asuncion|vn=284150}} |
* {{cite gvp|name=Asuncion|vn=284150}} |
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[[Category:Active volcanoes]] |
[[Category:Active volcanoes]] |
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[[Category:Important Bird Areas of the Northern Mariana Islands]] |
[[Category:Important Bird Areas of the Northern Mariana Islands]] |
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[[Category:Holocene stratovolcanoes]] |
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Latest revision as of 20:46, 11 May 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2023) |
 US Geological survey photo of Asuncion island | |
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| Geography | |
|---|---|
| Location | Pacific Ocean |
| Coordinates | 19°41′33″N 145°24′13″E / 19.69250°N 145.40361°E |
| Archipelago | Northern Mariana Islands |
| Area | 7.86 km2 (3.03 sq mi)[1] |
| Length | 3.3 km (2.05 mi) |
| Width | 3 km (1.9 mi) |
| Highest elevation | 857 m (2812 ft) |
| Highest point | Mount Asuncion |
| Administration | |
United States | |
| Commonwealth | Northern Mariana Islands |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 0 (2010) |
Asuncion (from Spanish meaning "assumption" in reference to the Spanish explorers belief in the "Assumption" of the Holy Virgin Mary) is an island in the Northern Mariana Islands chain in the Pacific Ocean. The island is uninhabited. Asuncion is situated 101 kilometers (63 mi) northwest of Agrihan and 37 km (23 mi) southeast of the Maug Islands.[2]
History[edit]
From a European perspective Asuncion was discovered in 1669 by the Spanish missionary Diego Luis de San Vitores who gave it its present name (Assumption of Mary in Spanish). It is likely that it was previously visited in 1522 by the Spanish sailor Gonzalo de Vigo, deserter from the Magellan expedition in 1521, and also the first European castaway in the history of the Pacific.[3] In 1695, the native Chamorros were forcibly removed to Saipan, and three years later to Guam.
Asuncion was ceded by Spain to Germany through the German–Spanish Treaty (1899), together with the rest of the Mariana Islands (except Guam). The formalities of the cession were carried out on November 17, 1899, in Saipan, for all the Northern Mariana Islands.
Following the sale of the Northern Marianas by Spain to the German Empire in 1899, Asuncion was administered as part of German New Guinea. In 1903, the island was leased to a Japanese company, who hunted birds for feathers for export to Japan, and from there to Paris. Six Japanese hunters died on the island in 1910 from illness.
During World War I, Asuncion came under the control of the Empire of Japan and was subsequently administered as the South Seas Mandate. Following World War II, the island came under the control of the United States and was administered as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. Since 1978, the island has been part of the Northern Islands Municipality of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
In 1985, per the Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the island was designated as a wilderness area for the protection and conservation of natural resources. Since 2009, the island has been part of Marianas Trench Marine National Monument of the United States.
Geography[edit]
Asuncion is a densely forested island, roughly elliptical in shape, with a length of 3.3 kilometers (2.1 mi) and a width of 3 km (1.9 mi) and an area of 7.9 km2 (3.1 sq mi). The entire island is a massive stratovolcano which rises from the ocean floor to a height of 857 m (2,812 ft) above sea level,[4] which last erupted in 1906.
The volcano is asymmetrical, with steep northeast slopes terminating in high cliffs. The southwestern slopes are shallower and meet the sea in low cliffs. Coastlines are generally rocky.
Vegetation[edit]
The island is remarkable for having the most well-developed native forest among the Mariana Islands north of Saipan, despite being a relatively young island, owing to its protection from wind on the lee side of the mountain. It features a unique forest type dominated by the endemic tree, Terminalia rostrata.[5] Other vegetation includes Swordgrass (Miscanthus floridulus) grasslands on the upper slopes, forests of Coconut Palm (Cocos nucifera), with some Pandanus trees and Papaya (Carica papaya) on the lower slopes, along with native Pisonia.
Important Bird Area[edit]
The island has been recognized as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports populations of Micronesian megapodes, white-throated ground doves, Micronesian myzomelas and Micronesian starlings.[6]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "15 ASUNCION" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 53. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
- ^ "Mariana Islands - Asuncion". 2009-07-07. Archived from the original on 2009-07-07. Retrieved 2019-07-10.
- ^ Coello, Francisco "Conflicto hispano-alemán" Boletín de Sociedad Geográfica de Madrid, t.XIX. 2º semestre 1885, Madrid, p.233,301.
- ^ "Asuncion". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
- ^ Falanruw, Marjorie V. C.; Falanruw, Marjorie V. C. (1989). Vegetation of Asuncion : a volcanic Northern Mariana Island. Vol. PSW-28. Berkeley, Calif: Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station.
- ^ "Asuncion Island". BirdLife Data Zone. BirdLife International. 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
External links[edit]
- "oceandots.com". Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2009-03-14.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - UN earthwatch info on island Archived 2022-02-14 at the Wayback Machine
- Pascal Horst Lehne and Christoph Gäbler: Über die Marianen. Lehne-Verlag, Wohldorf in Germany 1972.
- "Asuncion". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
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