Hello: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Salutation or greeting}} |
{{short description|Salutation or greeting}} |
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{{Redirect|Hiya}} |
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{{Redirect|Hello!|the British magazine|Hello! (magazine)}} |
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{{Other uses|Hello (disambiguation)}} |
{{Other uses|Hello (disambiguation)}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}} |
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==Early uses== |
==Early uses== |
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''Hello'', with that spelling, was used in publications in the U.S. as early as the 18 October 1826 edition of the ''[[Norwich Courier]]'' of [[Norwich, Connecticut]].<ref name="oed-hello"/> Another early use was an 1833 American book called ''The Sketches and Eccentricities of Col. David Crockett, of West Tennessee'',<ref>(Anonymous). [https://books.google.com/books?id=RZsOAAAAYAAJ |
''Hello'', with that spelling, was used in publications in the U.S. as early as the 18 October 1826 edition of the ''[[Norwich Courier]]'' of [[Norwich, Connecticut]].<ref name="oed-hello"/> Another early use was an 1833 American book called ''The Sketches and Eccentricities of Col. David Crockett, of West Tennessee'',<ref>(Anonymous). [https://books.google.com/books?id=RZsOAAAAYAAJ&dq=hello&pg=PA144 ''The Sketches and Eccentricities of Col. David Crockett, of West Tennessee''.] New York: J. & J. Harper, 1833. p. 144.</ref> which was reprinted that same year in ''[[Literary Gazette|The London Literary Gazette]]''.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=NVsZAAAAMAAJ&dq=hello&pg=RA1-PA803 "''The Sketches and Eccentricities of Col. David Crockett, of West Tennessee''".] '' The London Literary Gazette; and Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, &c.'' No. 883: 21 December 1833. p. 803.</ref> The word was extensively used in literature by the 1860s.<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/hello] Origin of the word.</ref> |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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According to the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', ''hello'' is an alteration of ''hallo'', ''hollo'',<ref name="oed-hello"/> which came from [[Old High German]] "''halâ'', ''holâ'', emphatic imperative of ''halôn'', ''holôn'' to fetch, used especially in hailing a ferryman".<ref>{{cite OED|term=hallo|id=83588}}</ref> It also connects the development of ''hello'' to the influence of an earlier form, ''holla'', whose origin is in the French ''holà'' (roughly, 'whoa there!', from French ''là'' 'there').<ref>{{cite OED|term=holla|id=87735}}</ref> As in addition to ''hello'', ''halloo'',<ref>Butler, Mann, ''[https://archive.org/details/historyofcommonw00butl A History of the Commonwealth of Kentucky]'', Wilcox, Dickerman & Co., 1834, p. 106.</ref> ''hallo'', ''hollo'', ''hullo'' and (rarely) ''hillo'' also exist as variants or related words, the word can be spelt using any of all five vowels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hollo|title=Definition of HOLLO|website=www.merriam-webster.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hullo|title=Definition of HULLO|website=www.merriam-webster.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hillo|title=Definition of HILLO|website=www.merriam-webster.com}}</ref> |
According to the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', ''hello'' is an alteration of ''hallo'', ''hollo'',<ref name="oed-hello"/> which came from [[Old High German]] "''halâ'', ''holâ'', emphatic imperative of ''halôn'', ''holôn'' to fetch, used especially in hailing a ferryman".<ref>{{cite OED|term=hallo|id=83588}}</ref> It also connects the development of ''hello'' to the influence of an earlier form, ''holla'', whose origin is in the French ''holà'' (roughly, 'whoa there!', from French ''là'' 'there').<ref>{{cite OED|term=holla|id=87735}}</ref> As in addition to ''hello'', ''halloo'',<ref>Butler, Mann, ''[https://archive.org/details/historyofcommonw00butl A History of the Commonwealth of Kentucky]'', Wilcox, Dickerman & Co., 1834, p. 106.</ref> ''hallo'', ''hollo'', ''hullo'' and (rarely) ''hillo'' also exist as variants or related words, the word can be spelt using any of all five vowels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hollo|title=Definition of HOLLO|website=www.merriam-webster.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hullo|title=Definition of HULLO|website=www.merriam-webster.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hillo|title=Definition of HILLO|website=www.merriam-webster.com}}</ref> |
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[[Bill Bryson]] asserts in his book ''Mother Tongue'' that "hello" is a contraction of the Old English phrase ''hál béo þu'' ("Hale be thou", or "whole be thou", meaning a wish for good health; [[cf.]] "goodbye" which is a contraction of "God be with ye").<ref>{{cite book |title= Mother Tongue |last=Bryson |first=Bill |authorlink=Bill Bryson |chapter=Where Words Come From |page=76 |publisher=[[Book Club Associates]] |date=2000 |ol=16017998M |oclc=1120388087 }}</ref> |
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===Telephone=== |
===Telephone=== |
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Before the telephone, greetings often included a name and a time of day, such as "Good morning, Doctor", but on the telephone, it isn't immediately known who is speaking or whether they share the same time zone. So greetings without time began to catch on.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McCulloch |first=Gretchen |title=Because Internet: Understanding the New Rules of Language |date=23 July 2019 |publisher=Riverhead |isbn=978-0735210936 |pages=201–202}}</ref> |
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⚫ | The use of ''hello'' as a |
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⚫ | The use of ''hello'' as a telephone greeting has been credited to [[Thomas Edison]]; according to one source, he expressed his surprise with a misheard ''Hullo''.<ref name="koenigsberg">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.collectorcafe.com/article_archive.asp?article=800&id=1507 |title=The First "Hello!": Thomas Edison, the Phonograph and the Telephone – Part 2 |author=Allen Koenigsberg |magazine=Antique Phonograph Magazine |volume=VIII |issue=6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061116211033/http://www.collectorcafe.com/article_archive.asp?article=800&id=1507 |archive-date=16 November 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Alexander Graham Bell]] initially used ''[[Ahoy (greeting)|Ahoy]]'' (as used on ships) as a telephone greeting.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.cs.uh.edu/~klong/papers/hello.txt|title=All Things Considered|author=Allen Koenigsberg|publisher=National Public Radio|access-date=13 September 2006|year=1999|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309094200/http://www2.cs.uh.edu/~klong/papers/hello.txt|archive-date=9 March 2009}}</ref><ref name="etymology">{{Cite web |url= http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=hello&searchmode=none |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |work=etymonline.com |
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⚫ | By 1889, central telephone exchange operators were known as |
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⚫ | By 1889, central telephone exchange operators were known as "[[Hello Girls#History of the term|hello-girls]]" because of the association between the greeting and the telephone.<ref name=etymology/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/05/garden/great-hello-mystery-is-solved.html|title=Great 'Hello' Mystery Is Solved|last=Grimes|first=William|date=5 March 1992|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 October 2017|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |
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⚫ | A 1918 fiction novel uses the spelling "Halloa" in the context of telephone conversations.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dehan |first=Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FAMAAAAYAAJ |
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⚫ | A 1918 fiction novel uses the spelling "Halloa" in the context of telephone conversations.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dehan |first=Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FAMAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22halloa%22&pg=PA500 |title=That which Hath Wings: A Novel of the Day |date=1918 |publisher=G. P. Putnam |isbn=978-1-5332-9337-4 |language=en}}</ref> |
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===Hullo, hallo, and other spellings=== |
===Hullo, hallo, and other spellings=== |
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{{Redirect|Hallo}} |
{{Redirect|Hallo}} |
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''Hello'' might be derived from an older spelling variant, ''hullo'', which the American [[Merriam-Webster]] dictionary describes as a "chiefly British variant of hello",<ref name="MW">{{cite web |date=25 April 2007 |title=hullo |
''Hello'' might be derived from an older spelling variant, ''hullo'', which the American [[Merriam-Webster]] dictionary describes as a "chiefly British variant of hello",<ref name="MW">{{cite web |date=25 April 2007 |title=hullo – Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hullo |access-date=26 September 2009 |publisher=Merriam-webster.com}}</ref> and which was originally used as an exclamation to call attention, an expression of surprise, or a greeting. ''Hullo'' is found in publications as early as 1803.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=27sCAAAAYAAJ&dq=hullo&pg=PA12 ''The Sporting Magazine.''] London (1803). Volume 23, p. 12.</ref> The word ''hullo'' is still in use, with the meaning ''hello''.<ref name="hullo">{{cite web |title=Hullo From Orkney |url=http://forum.downsizer.net/archive/hullo-from-orkney__o_t__t_36387.html |access-date=26 September 2009 |publisher=Forum.downsizer.net}}</ref><ref name="hullo1">{{cite web |author=Piers Beckley |date=23 April 2008 |title=Writersroom Blog: Hullo again. Did you miss me? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/writersroom/2008/04/hullo_again.shtml |access-date=26 September 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref name="hullo2">{{cite news |date=16 July 2009 |title=Ashes: England v Australia – day one as it happened | Andy Bull and Rob Smyth |work=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2009/jul/16/ashes-england-australia-live-report |access-date=26 September 2009}}</ref><ref name="hullo3">{{cite news |date=14 April 2005 |title=Semi-final clash excites fans |publisher=BBC Sport |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/4444713.stm |access-date=26 September 2009}}</ref> |
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''Hello'' is alternatively thought to come from the word ''hallo'' (1840) via ''hollo'' (also ''holla'', ''holloa'', ''halloo'', ''halloa'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/hello|title=Hello|publisher=Merriam-Webster Online|access-date=2016 |
''Hello'' is alternatively thought to come from the word ''hallo'' (1840) via ''hollo'' (also ''holla'', ''holloa'', ''halloo'', ''halloa'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/hello|title=Hello|publisher=Merriam-Webster Online|access-date=7 February 2016}}</ref> The definition of ''hollo'' is to shout or an exclamation originally shouted in a [[fox hunt|hunt]] when the quarry was spotted:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/hollo|title=Hollo|publisher=Merriam-Webster Online|access-date=7 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iSg_AQAAMAAJ&dq=%22halloa%22&pg=PA127 |title=Baily's Magazine of Sports and Pastimes |date=1907 |publisher=Vinton |pages=127 |language=en}}</ref> |
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{{ |
{{blockquote|If I fly, Marcius,/Halloo me like a hare.|''[[Coriolanus (play)|Coriolanus]]'' (I.viii.7), [[William Shakespeare]]}} |
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[[Fowler's]] has it that "hallo" is first recorded "as a shout to call attention" in 1864.<ref>''The New Fowler's'', revised third edition by R. W. Burchfield, [[Oxford University Press]]. {{ISBN|0-19-860263-4}}, p. 356.</ref> |
[[Fowler's]] has it that "hallo" is first recorded "as a shout to call attention" in 1864.<ref>''The New Fowler's'', revised third edition by R. W. Burchfield, [[Oxford University Press]]. {{ISBN|0-19-860263-4}}, p. 356.</ref> It is used by [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]]'s famous poem ''[[The Rime of the Ancient Mariner]]'' written in 1798: |
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It is used by [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]]'s famous poem ''[[The Rime of the Ancient Mariner]]'' written in 1798: |
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{{quote| |
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And the good south wind still blew behind,<br /> |
And the good south wind still blew behind,<br /> |
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But no sweet bird did follow,<br /> |
But no sweet bird did follow,<br /> |
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Came to the mariners' hollo!}} |
Came to the mariners' hollo!}} |
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In many [[Germanic languages]], including |
In many [[Germanic languages]], including German, [[Danish language|Danish]], [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]] and [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]], "''hallo''" literally translates into English as "hello". In the case of Dutch, it was used as early as 1797 in a letter from [[Willem Bilderdijk]] to his sister-in-law as a remark of astonishment.<ref>Bilderdijk, Willem [http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bild002lief01_01/bild002lief01_01_0107.php?q=hallo ''Liefde en ballingschap. Brieven 1795–1797''] (ed. Marita Mathijsen). Uitgeverij De Arbeiderspers, Amsterdam/Antwerp 1997</ref> |
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[[Webster's dictionary]] from 1913 traces the etymology of ''holloa'' to the Old English ''halow'' and suggests: "Perhaps from ah + lo; compare Anglo Saxon ealā". |
[[Webster's dictionary]] from 1913 traces the etymology of ''holloa'' to the Old English ''halow'' and suggests: "Perhaps from ah + lo; compare Anglo Saxon ealā". |
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According to the ''[[American Heritage Dictionary]]'', ''hallo'' is a modification of the obsolete ''holla'' (''stop!''), perhaps from Old French ''hola'' (''ho'', ho! + ''la'', there, from Latin ''illac'', that way).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bartelby.com/61/60/H0136000.html|title=Hello|publisher= The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition.|year=2000|access-date=2006 |
According to the ''[[American Heritage Dictionary]]'', ''hallo'' is a modification of the obsolete ''holla'' (''stop!''), perhaps from Old French ''hola'' (''ho'', ho! + ''la'', there, from Latin ''illac'', that way).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bartelby.com/61/60/H0136000.html|title=Hello|publisher= The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition.|year=2000|access-date=1 September 2006}}</ref> |
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The Old English verb, hǽlan (1. wv/t1b 1 to heal, cure, save; greet, salute; gehǽl! Hosanna!), may be the ultimate origin of the word.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://home.comcast.net/~modean52/oeme_dictionaries.htm|title=OEME Dictionaries}}</ref> Hǽlan is likely a cognate of German Heil (meaning ''complete'' for things and ''healthy'' for beings) and other similar words of Germanic origin. [[Bill Bryson]] asserts in his book ''Mother Tongue'' that "hello" comes from Old English ''hál béo þu'' ("Hale be thou", or "whole be thou", meaning a wish for good health; [[cf.]] "goodbye" which is a contraction of "God be with ye"). |
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=="Hello, World" computer program== |
=="Hello, World" computer program== |
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{{Main|"Hello, World!" program}} |
{{Main|"Hello, World!" program}} |
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Students learning a new computer programming language will often begin by writing a "Hello, World!" program, which does nothing but issue the message "Hello, |
Students learning a new computer [[programming language]] will often begin by writing a "Hello, World!" program, which does nothing but issue the message "Hello, World!" to the user (such as by displaying it on a screen). It has been used since the earliest programs, and in many computer languages. This tradition was further popularised after being printed in an introductory chapter of the book ''[[The C Programming Language]]'' by Kernighan & Ritchie.<ref>{{cite book | last = Kernighan | first = Brian W. | author-link = Brian W. Kernighan | author2 = Ritchie, Dennis M. | title = The C Programming Language | edition = 1st | publisher = [[Prentice Hall]] | date = 1978 | location = [[Englewood Cliffs, NJ]] | isbn = 0-13-110163-3 | author-link2 = Dennis M. Ritchie | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/cprogramminglang00kern }}</ref> The book had reused an example taken from a 1974 memo by [[Brian Kernighan]] at [[Bell Labs|Bell Laboratories]].<ref name="ctut">{{cite web|url=https://www.bell-labs.com/usr/dmr/www/ctut.pdf|title=Programming in C: A Tutorial|last=Kernighan|first=Brian|year=1974|publisher=Bell Labs|access-date=9 January 2019}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist |
{{Reflist}} |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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* [http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50107205?query_type=word&queryword=hollo&first=1&max_to_show=10&sort_type=alpha&result_place=1&search_id=MJDi-YER2WO-12323&hilite=50107205 OED online entry for ''hollo''] (Subscription) |
* [http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50107205?query_type=word&queryword=hollo&first=1&max_to_show=10&sort_type=alpha&result_place=1&search_id=MJDi-YER2WO-12323&hilite=50107205 OED online entry for ''hollo''] (Subscription) |
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* [[Merriam-Webster Dictionary]]: [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hollo hollo], [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hullo hullo] |
* [[Merriam-Webster Dictionary]]: [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hollo hollo], [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hullo hullo] |
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[[Category:Greeting words and phrases]] |
[[Category:Greeting words and phrases]] |
Revision as of 18:33, 13 May 2024
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/TelephoneHelloNellie.jpg/220px-TelephoneHelloNellie.jpg)
Hello is a salutation or greeting in the English language. It is first attested in writing from 1826.[1]
Early uses
Hello, with that spelling, was used in publications in the U.S. as early as the 18 October 1826 edition of the Norwich Courier of Norwich, Connecticut.[1] Another early use was an 1833 American book called The Sketches and Eccentricities of Col. David Crockett, of West Tennessee,[2] which was reprinted that same year in The London Literary Gazette.[3] The word was extensively used in literature by the 1860s.[4]
Etymology
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, hello is an alteration of hallo, hollo,[1] which came from Old High German "halâ, holâ, emphatic imperative of halôn, holôn to fetch, used especially in hailing a ferryman".[5] It also connects the development of hello to the influence of an earlier form, holla, whose origin is in the French holà (roughly, 'whoa there!', from French là 'there').[6] As in addition to hello, halloo,[7] hallo, hollo, hullo and (rarely) hillo also exist as variants or related words, the word can be spelt using any of all five vowels.[8][9][10]
Bill Bryson asserts in his book Mother Tongue that "hello" is a contraction of the Old English phrase hál béo þu ("Hale be thou", or "whole be thou", meaning a wish for good health; cf. "goodbye" which is a contraction of "God be with ye").[11]
Telephone
Before the telephone, greetings often included a name and a time of day, such as "Good morning, Doctor", but on the telephone, it isn't immediately known who is speaking or whether they share the same time zone. So greetings without time began to catch on.[12]
The use of hello as a telephone greeting has been credited to Thomas Edison; according to one source, he expressed his surprise with a misheard Hullo.[13] Alexander Graham Bell initially used Ahoy (as used on ships) as a telephone greeting.[14][15] However, in 1877, Edison wrote to T. B. A. David, president of the Central District and Printing Telegraph Company of Pittsburgh:
Friend David, I do not think we shall need a call bell as Hello! can be heard 10 to 20 feet away. What you think? Edison – P.S. first cost of sender & receiver to manufacture is only $7.00.[13]
By 1889, central telephone exchange operators were known as "hello-girls" because of the association between the greeting and the telephone.[15][16]
A 1918 fiction novel uses the spelling "Halloa" in the context of telephone conversations.[17]
Hullo, hallo, and other spellings
Hello might be derived from an older spelling variant, hullo, which the American Merriam-Webster dictionary describes as a "chiefly British variant of hello",[18] and which was originally used as an exclamation to call attention, an expression of surprise, or a greeting. Hullo is found in publications as early as 1803.[19] The word hullo is still in use, with the meaning hello.[20][21][22][23]
Hello is alternatively thought to come from the word hallo (1840) via hollo (also holla, holloa, halloo, halloa).[24] The definition of hollo is to shout or an exclamation originally shouted in a hunt when the quarry was spotted:[25][26]
If I fly, Marcius,/Halloo me like a hare.
— Coriolanus (I.viii.7), William Shakespeare
Fowler's has it that "hallo" is first recorded "as a shout to call attention" in 1864.[27] It is used by Samuel Taylor Coleridge's famous poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner written in 1798:
And the good south wind still blew behind,
But no sweet bird did follow,
Nor any day for food or play
Came to the mariners' hollo!
In many Germanic languages, including German, Danish, Norwegian, Dutch and Afrikaans, "hallo" literally translates into English as "hello". In the case of Dutch, it was used as early as 1797 in a letter from Willem Bilderdijk to his sister-in-law as a remark of astonishment.[28]
Webster's dictionary from 1913 traces the etymology of holloa to the Old English halow and suggests: "Perhaps from ah + lo; compare Anglo Saxon ealā".
According to the American Heritage Dictionary, hallo is a modification of the obsolete holla (stop!), perhaps from Old French hola (ho, ho! + la, there, from Latin illac, that way).[29]
"Hello, World" computer program
Students learning a new computer programming language will often begin by writing a "Hello, World!" program, which does nothing but issue the message "Hello, World!" to the user (such as by displaying it on a screen). It has been used since the earliest programs, and in many computer languages. This tradition was further popularised after being printed in an introductory chapter of the book The C Programming Language by Kernighan & Ritchie.[30] The book had reused an example taken from a 1974 memo by Brian Kernighan at Bell Laboratories.[31]
See also
References
- ^ a b c "hello". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ (Anonymous). The Sketches and Eccentricities of Col. David Crockett, of West Tennessee. New York: J. & J. Harper, 1833. p. 144.
- ^ "The Sketches and Eccentricities of Col. David Crockett, of West Tennessee". The London Literary Gazette; and Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, &c. No. 883: 21 December 1833. p. 803.
- ^ [1] Origin of the word.
- ^ "hallo". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ "holla". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ Butler, Mann, A History of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, Wilcox, Dickerman & Co., 1834, p. 106.
- ^ "Definition of HOLLO". www.merriam-webster.com.
- ^ "Definition of HULLO". www.merriam-webster.com.
- ^ "Definition of HILLO". www.merriam-webster.com.
- ^ Bryson, Bill (2000). "Where Words Come From". Mother Tongue. Book Club Associates. p. 76. OCLC 1120388087. OL 16017998M.
- ^ McCulloch, Gretchen (23 July 2019). Because Internet: Understanding the New Rules of Language. Riverhead. pp. 201–202. ISBN 978-0735210936.
- ^ a b Allen Koenigsberg. "The First "Hello!": Thomas Edison, the Phonograph and the Telephone – Part 2". Antique Phonograph Magazine. Vol. VIII, no. 6. Archived from the original on 16 November 2006.
- ^ Allen Koenigsberg (1999). "All Things Considered". National Public Radio. Archived from the original on 9 March 2009. Retrieved 13 September 2006.
- ^ a b "Online Etymology Dictionary". etymonline.com. Retrieved 28 September 2010.
- ^ Grimes, William (5 March 1992). "Great 'Hello' Mystery Is Solved". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
- ^ Dehan, Richard (1918). That which Hath Wings: A Novel of the Day. G. P. Putnam. ISBN 978-1-5332-9337-4.
- ^ "hullo – Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary". Merriam-webster.com. 25 April 2007. Retrieved 26 September 2009.
- ^ The Sporting Magazine. London (1803). Volume 23, p. 12.
- ^ "Hullo From Orkney". Forum.downsizer.net. Retrieved 26 September 2009.
- ^ Piers Beckley (23 April 2008). "Writersroom Blog: Hullo again. Did you miss me?". BBC. Retrieved 26 September 2009.
- ^ "Ashes: England v Australia – day one as it happened | Andy Bull and Rob Smyth". The Guardian. London. 16 July 2009. Retrieved 26 September 2009.
- ^ "Semi-final clash excites fans". BBC Sport. 14 April 2005. Retrieved 26 September 2009.
- ^ "Hello". Merriam-Webster Online. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
- ^ "Hollo". Merriam-Webster Online. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
- ^ Baily's Magazine of Sports and Pastimes. Vinton. 1907. p. 127.
- ^ The New Fowler's, revised third edition by R. W. Burchfield, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860263-4, p. 356.
- ^ Bilderdijk, Willem Liefde en ballingschap. Brieven 1795–1797 (ed. Marita Mathijsen). Uitgeverij De Arbeiderspers, Amsterdam/Antwerp 1997
- ^ "Hello". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. Retrieved 1 September 2006.
- ^ Kernighan, Brian W.; Ritchie, Dennis M. (1978). The C Programming Language (1st ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-110163-3.
- ^ Kernighan, Brian (1974). "Programming in C: A Tutorial" (PDF). Bell Labs. Retrieved 9 January 2019.