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{{Short description|Genus of archaea}}
{{no footnotes}}
{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
| image = Urzwerg.jpg
| image = Urzwerg.jpg
| image_width = 220px
| image_caption = ''Ignicoccus hospitalis'' (with two smaller, symbiotic ''[[Nanoarchaeum equitans]]'')
| image_caption = ''Ignicoccus hospitalis'' (with two smaller, symbiotic ''[[Nanoarchaeum equitans]]'')
| domain = [[Archaea]]
| domain = [[Archaea]]
| regnum = [[Crenarchaeota]]
| phylum = [[Thermoproteota]]
| phylum = [[Crenarchaeota]]
| classis = [[Thermoprotei]]
| classis = [[Thermoprotei]]
| ordo = [[Desulfurococcales]]
| ordo = [[Desulfurococcales]]
| familia = [[Desulfurococcaceae]]
| familia = [[Desulfurococcaceae]]
| genus = '''''Ignicoccus'''''
| genus = '''''Ignicoccus'''''
| genus_authority = Huber, Burggraf, Mayer, Wyschkony, Rachel & Stetter, 2000
| genus_authority = Huber, Burggraf, Mayer, Wyschkony, Rachel & Stetter 2000
| type_species = ''Ignicoccus islandicus''
| type_species_authority = Huber & Stetter 2000
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
| subdivision =
*''[[Ignicoccus islandicus|I. islandicus]]''
*''I. islandicus''
*''[[Ignicoccus pacificus|I. pacificus]]''
*''I. pacificus''
*''[[Ignicoccus hospitalis|I. hospitalis]]''
*''I. hospitalis''
}}
}}


'''''Ignicoccus''''' is a genus of [[Archaea]] living in marine [[hydrothermal vent]]s. They were discovered in [[Kolbeinsey]] Ridge north of [[Iceland]] and in the [[Pacific]] Ocean (at [[9th parallel north|9 degrees N]], [[104th meridian west|104 degrees W]]) in 2000 (Huber et al., 2000).
'''''Ignicoccus''''' is a genus of [[hyperthermophile|hyperthermophillic]] [[Archaea]] living in marine [[hydrothermal vent]]s. They were discovered in samples taken at the [[Kolbeinsey Ridge]] north of [[Iceland]], as well as at the [[East Pacific Rise]] (at [[9th parallel north|9 degrees N]], [[104th meridian west|104 degrees W]]) in 2000.<ref name="huber2000">{{cite journal |vauthors=Huber H, Burggraf S, Mayer T, Rachel R, Stetter KO |title=Ignicoccus gen. nov., a novel genus of hyperthermophilic, chemolithoautotrophic Archaea, represented by two new species, Ignicoccus islandicus sp nov and Ignicoccus pacificus sp nov. and Ignicoccus pacificus sp. nov |journal= International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|date=November 2000 |volume=50 |issue=6 |pages=2093–2100 |doi=10.1099/00207713-50-6-2093 |doi-access=free |pmid=11155984 }}</ref>


==Systematics==
==Systematics==
According to the comparisons of 16S [[rRNA]] genes, ''Ignicoccus'' represents a new, deeply branching lineage within the family of the Desulfurococcaceae (Huber et al., 2002). Three species are known, ''[[Ignicoccus islandicus|I. islandicus]]'', ''[[Ignicoccus pacificus|I. pacificus]]'' and ''[[Ignecoccus hospitalis|I. hospitalis]]'' strain [[KIN4I]].
According to the comparisons of [[16S ribosomal RNA|16S rRNA]] genes, ''Ignicoccus'' represents a new, deeply branching lineage within the family of the [[Desulfurococcaceae]].<ref name ="huber2002">{{cite journal |vauthors=Huber H, Hohn MJ, Rachel R, Fuchs T, Wimmer VC, Stetter KO |title=A new phylum of Archaea represented by a nanosized hyperthermophilic symbiont |journal=Nature |date=2 May 2002 |volume=417 |issue=6884 |pages=63–67 |doi=10.1038/417063a |pmid=11986665 |bibcode=2002Natur.417...63H |s2cid=4395094 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/417063a |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
Three species are known: ''I. islandicus'',<ref name="huber2000" /> ''I. pacificus''<ref name="huber2000" /> and ''I. hospitalis'' strain KIN4I.<ref name="heimerl2017" />


==Cell structure==
==Cell structure==
The archaea of the genus ''Ignicoccus'' have tiny [[coccus|coccoid]] cells with a diameter of about 2 [[µm]], that exhibit a smooth surface, an outer membrane and no [[S-layer]].
The archaea of the genus ''Ignicoccus'' have tiny [[coccus|coccoid]] cells with a diameter of about 2 [[μm]], that exhibit a smooth surface, an outer membrane and no [[S-layer]].<ref name="rachel2002" />


They have a previously unknown [[cell envelope]] structure—a cytoplasmic membrane, a [[periplasmic space]] (with a variable width of 20 to 400 nm, containing membrane-bound vesicles), and an outer membrane (approximately 10 nm wide, resembling the outer membrane of [[gram-negative]] bacteria). The latter contains numerous tightly, irregularly packed single particles (about 8 nm in diameter) and pores with a diameter of 24 nm, surrounded by tiny particles, arranged in a ring (with a diameter of 130 nm) and clusters of up to eight particles (each particle 12 nm in diameter) (Rachel et al. 2002).
They have a previously unknown [[cell envelope]] structure—a cytoplasmic membrane, a [[periplasmic space]] (with a variable width of 20 to 400&nbsp;nm, containing membrane-bound vesicles), and an outer membrane (approximately 10&nbsp;nm wide, resembling the outer membrane of [[gram-negative]] bacteria). The latter contains numerous tightly, irregularly packed single particles (about 8&nbsp;nm in diameter) and pores with a diameter of 24&nbsp;nm, surrounded by tiny particles, arranged in a ring (with a diameter of 130&nbsp;nm) and clusters of up to eight particles 12&nbsp;nm in diameter each.<ref name="rachel2002">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rachel R, Wyschkony I, Riehl S, Huber H |title=The ultrastructure of Ignicoccus: evidence for a novel outer membrane and for intracellular vesicle budding in an archaeon |journal=Archaea |date=March 2002 |pages=9–18 |doi=10.1155/2002/307480 |doi-access=free |pmid=15803654 |pmc=685547 |issue=1 |volume=1 }}</ref>


The two layers of membrane previously reported is actually a type of [[endomembrane]] system consisting of cytoplasmic protutions. In ''I. hospitalis'', these structures harbor the endosymbiotic archaeon ''[[Nanoarchaeum equitans]]''.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Heimerl T, Flechsler J, Pickl C, Heinz V, Salecker B, Zweck J, Wanner G, Geimer S, Samson RY, Bell SD, Huber H, Wirth R, Wurch L, Podar M, Rachel R | title = A Complex Endomembrane System in the Archaeon ''Ignicoccus hospitalis'' Tapped by ''Nanoarchaeum equitans'' | journal = Frontiers in Microbiology | volume = 8 | pages = 1072 | date = 13 June 2017 | pmid = 28659892 | pmc = 5468417 | doi = 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01072 }}</ref>
The two layers of membrane previously reported are actually a type of [[endomembrane]] system consisting of cytoplasmic protrusions. In ''I. hospitalis'', these structures harbor the endosymbiotic archaeon ''[[Nanoarchaeum equitans]]''.<ref name="heimerl2017">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heimerl T, Flechsler J, Pickl C, Heinz V, Salecker B, Zweck J, Wanner G, Geimer S, Samson RY, Bell SD, Huber H, Wirth R, Wurch L, Podar M, Rachel R |title=A Complex Endomembrane System in the Archaeon ''Ignicoccus hospitalis'' Tapped by ''Nanoarchaeum equitans'' |journal=Frontiers in Microbiology |volume=8 |pages=1072 |date=13 June 2017 |pmid=28659892 |pmc=5468417 |doi=10.3389/fmicb.2017.01072 |doi-access=free }}</ref>


==Physiology==
==Physiology==
''Ignicocci'' live in a temperature range of 70–98 °C (optimum around 90 °C). They gain energy by reduction of elemental [[sulfur]] to [[hydrogen sulfide]] using molecular hydrogen as the [[electron donor]] (Huber et al., 2002). A unique symbiosis with (or parasitism by) ''[[Nanoarchaeum equitans]]'' has also been reported (Huber et al., 2002).
''Ignicocci'' live in a temperature range of 70–98&nbsp;°C (optimum around 90&nbsp;°C). They gain energy by reduction of elemental [[sulfur]] to [[hydrogen sulfide]] using molecular hydrogen as the [[electron donor]].<ref name="huber2002" /> A unique symbiosis with (or parasitism by) ''[[Nanoarchaeum equitans]]'' has also been reported.<ref name="huber2002" />

==Phylogeny==
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the [[List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]] (LPSN) <ref>{{cite web | author=J.P. Euzéby | url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/ignicoccus | title=Ignicoccus | accessdate=2023-06-10 | publisher=[[List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]] (LPSN)}}</ref> and [[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] (NCBI)<ref name=NCBI>{{cite web |author = Sayers|display-authors = etal| url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&id=54258&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock |title=Ignicoccus |accessdate=2023-06-10 |publisher=[[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] (NCBI) taxonomy database}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan=1 | 16S rRNA based [[The All-Species Living Tree Project|LTP]]_06_2022<ref>{{cite web|title=The LTP |url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/#LTP| access-date=10 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=LTP_all tree in newick format| url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_all_06_2022.ntree |access-date=10 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=LTP_06_2022 Release Notes| url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_06_2022_release_notes.pdf |access-date=10 May 2023}}</ref>
! colspan=1 | 53 marker proteins based [[Genome Taxonomy Database|GTDB]] 08-RS214<ref name="about">{{cite web |title=GTDB release 08-RS214 |url=https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/about#4%7C |website=[[Genome Taxonomy Database]]|access-date=10 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="tree">{{cite web |title=ar53_r214.sp_label |url=https://data.gtdb.ecogenomic.org/releases/release214/214.0/auxillary_files/ar53_r214.sp_labels.tree |website=[[Genome Taxonomy Database]]|access-date=10 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="taxon_history">{{cite web |title=Taxon History |url=https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/taxon_history/ |website=[[Genome Taxonomy Database]]|access-date=10 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
| style="vertical-align:top|
{{Clade|style=font-size:90%; line-height:90%
|label1=''Ignicoccus''
|1={{clade
|1=''I. hospitalis'' <small>Paper et al. 2007</small>
|2={{clade
|1=''I. islandicus'' <small>Huber et al. 2000</small>
|2=''I. pacificus'' <small>Huber et al. 2000</small>
}}
}}
}}
|
{{Clade|style=font-size:90%; line-height:90%
|label1=''Ignicoccus''
|1={{clade
|1=''I. hospitalis''
|2=''I. islandicus''
}}
}}
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Archaea genera]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
*Huber H, Burggraf S, Mayer T, Wyschkony I, Rachel R, Stetter KO ''Ignicoccus gen. nov., a novel genus of hyperthermophilic, chemolithoautotrophic Archaea, represented by two new species, Ignicoccus islandicus sp nov and Ignicoccus pacificus sp nov. and Ignicoccus pacificus sp. nov'', Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2000 Nov;50 Pt 6:2093-100
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Rachel R, Wyschkony I, Riehl S, Huber H |title=The ultrastructure of Ignicoccus: evidence for a novel outer membrane and for intracellular vesicle budding in an archaeon |journal=Archaea |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=9–18 |date=March 2002 |pmid=15803654 |url=http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/arch/2002/307480.pdf |doi=10.1155/2002/307480 |pmc=2685547}}
*Huber H, Hohn MJ, Rachel R, Fuchs T, Wimmer VC, Stetter KO. ''A new phylum of Archaea represented by a nanosized hyperthermophilic symbiont'', Nature, 417(6884):27-8, 2002


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*{{cite journal|last1=Huber|first1=Harald|last2=Kueper|first2=Ulf|last3=Daxer|first3=Stefanie|last4=Rachel|first4=Reinhard|title=The unusual cell biology of the hyperthermophilic Crenarchaeon Ignicoccus hospitalis|journal=Antonie van Leeuwenhoek|date=August 2012|volume=102|issue=2|pages=203–219|doi=10.1007/s10482-012-9748-5|pmid=22653377|s2cid=7732441}}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Huber H, Kueper U, Daxer S, Rachel R |title=The unusual cell biology of the hyperthermophilic Crenarchaeon Ignicoccus hospitalis |journal=Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |date=August 2012 |volume=102 |issue=2 |pages=203–219 |doi=10.1007/s10482-012-9748-5 |pmid=22653377 |s2cid=7732441 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10482-012-9748-5 |url-access=subscription}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Nass|first1=Bastian|last2=Poll|first2=Uwe|last3=Langer|first3=Julian David|last4=Kreuter|first4=Lydia|last5=Kuper|first5=Ulf|last6=Flechsler|first6=Jennifer|last7=Heimerl|first7=Thomas|last8=Rachel|first8=Rachel|last9=Huber|first9=Harald|last10=Kletzin|first10=Arnulf|title=Three multihaem cytochromes c from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Ignicoccus hospitalis: purification, properties and localization|journal=Microbiology|date=2014|volume=160|issue=Pt_6|pages=1278–1289|doi=10.1099/mic.0.077792-0|pmid=24705227}}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Nass B, Poll U, Langer JD, Kreuter L, Kuper U, Flechsler J, Heimer T, Rachel R, Huber H, Kletzin A |title=Three multihaem cytochromes c from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Ignicoccus hospitalis: purification, properties and localization |journal= Microbiology|date=2014 |volume=6 |issue=160 |pages=1278–1289|doi=10.1099/mic.0.077792-0 |doi-access=free |pmid=24705227 }}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://bacdive.dsmz.de/index.php?search=Ignicoccus&submit=Search ''Ignicoccus'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase]
*[http://bacdive.dsmz.de/index.php?search=Ignicoccus&submit=Search ''Ignicoccus'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase]


{{Archaea classification}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q290183}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q290183}}


[[Category:Archaea genera]]
[[Category:Archaea genera]]
[[Category:Thermoproteota]]
[[Category:Thermophiles]]
[[Category:Extremophiles]]

Latest revision as of 18:20, 14 May 2024

Ignicoccus
Ignicoccus hospitalis (with two smaller, symbiotic Nanoarchaeum equitans)
Scientific classification
Domain:
Archaea
Phylum:
Thermoproteota
Class:
Thermoprotei
Order:
Desulfurococcales
Family:
Desulfurococcaceae
Genus:
Ignicoccus

Huber, Burggraf, Mayer, Wyschkony, Rachel & Stetter 2000
Type species
Ignicoccus islandicus
Huber & Stetter 2000
Species
  • I. islandicus
  • I. pacificus
  • I. hospitalis

Ignicoccus is a genus of hyperthermophillic Archaea living in marine hydrothermal vents. They were discovered in samples taken at the Kolbeinsey Ridge north of Iceland, as well as at the East Pacific Rise (at 9 degrees N, 104 degrees W) in 2000.[1]

Systematics

[edit]

According to the comparisons of 16S rRNA genes, Ignicoccus represents a new, deeply branching lineage within the family of the Desulfurococcaceae.[2] Three species are known: I. islandicus,[1] I. pacificus[1] and I. hospitalis strain KIN4I.[3]

Cell structure

[edit]

The archaea of the genus Ignicoccus have tiny coccoid cells with a diameter of about 2 μm, that exhibit a smooth surface, an outer membrane and no S-layer.[4]

They have a previously unknown cell envelope structure—a cytoplasmic membrane, a periplasmic space (with a variable width of 20 to 400 nm, containing membrane-bound vesicles), and an outer membrane (approximately 10 nm wide, resembling the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria). The latter contains numerous tightly, irregularly packed single particles (about 8 nm in diameter) and pores with a diameter of 24 nm, surrounded by tiny particles, arranged in a ring (with a diameter of 130 nm) and clusters of up to eight particles 12 nm in diameter each.[4]

The two layers of membrane previously reported are actually a type of endomembrane system consisting of cytoplasmic protrusions. In I. hospitalis, these structures harbor the endosymbiotic archaeon Nanoarchaeum equitans.[3]

Physiology

[edit]

Ignicocci live in a temperature range of 70–98 °C (optimum around 90 °C). They gain energy by reduction of elemental sulfur to hydrogen sulfide using molecular hydrogen as the electron donor.[2] A unique symbiosis with (or parasitism by) Nanoarchaeum equitans has also been reported.[2]

Phylogeny

[edit]

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) [5] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[6]

16S rRNA based LTP_06_2022[7][8][9] 53 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214[10][11][12]
Ignicoccus

I. hospitalis Paper et al. 2007

I. islandicus Huber et al. 2000

I. pacificus Huber et al. 2000

Ignicoccus

I. hospitalis

I. islandicus

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Huber H, Burggraf S, Mayer T, Rachel R, Stetter KO (November 2000). "Ignicoccus gen. nov., a novel genus of hyperthermophilic, chemolithoautotrophic Archaea, represented by two new species, Ignicoccus islandicus sp nov and Ignicoccus pacificus sp nov. and Ignicoccus pacificus sp. nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 50 (6): 2093–2100. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-6-2093. PMID 11155984.
  2. ^ a b c Huber H, Hohn MJ, Rachel R, Fuchs T, Wimmer VC, Stetter KO (2 May 2002). "A new phylum of Archaea represented by a nanosized hyperthermophilic symbiont". Nature. 417 (6884): 63–67. Bibcode:2002Natur.417...63H. doi:10.1038/417063a. PMID 11986665. S2CID 4395094.
  3. ^ a b Heimerl T, Flechsler J, Pickl C, Heinz V, Salecker B, Zweck J, Wanner G, Geimer S, Samson RY, Bell SD, Huber H, Wirth R, Wurch L, Podar M, Rachel R (13 June 2017). "A Complex Endomembrane System in the Archaeon Ignicoccus hospitalis Tapped by Nanoarchaeum equitans". Frontiers in Microbiology. 8: 1072. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01072. PMC 5468417. PMID 28659892.
  4. ^ a b Rachel R, Wyschkony I, Riehl S, Huber H (March 2002). "The ultrastructure of Ignicoccus: evidence for a novel outer membrane and for intracellular vesicle budding in an archaeon". Archaea. 1 (1): 9–18. doi:10.1155/2002/307480. PMC 685547. PMID 15803654.
  5. ^ J.P. Euzéby. "Ignicoccus". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2023-06-10.
  6. ^ Sayers; et al. "Ignicoccus". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2023-06-10.
  7. ^ "The LTP". Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  8. ^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  9. ^ "LTP_06_2022 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  10. ^ "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  11. ^ "ar53_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  12. ^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
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