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'''Samana'''(in Punjabi ਸਮਾਣਾ) is a unique city and a [[municipal council]] in [[Patiala district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]].
'''Samana''' is a town and a [[municipal council]], nearby [[Patiala|Patiala City]] in [[Patiala district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]].


Before Independence, Samana was a part of [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union|Patiala Kingdom (PEPSU)]]. Now it is a part of Patiala District of Punjab (India).
Before Independence, Samana was a part of [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union|Patiala Kingdom (PEPSU)]]. Now it is a part of Patiala District of Punjab (India).
Line 61: Line 61:


==<span lang="Ur" dir="ltr">History</span>==
==<span lang="Ur" dir="ltr">History</span>==
Samana was named after the wife of [[Ali al-Ridha]], respected by both [[Sunnis]] and [[Shias]], by their five sons (namely imam Mash'had Ali) who moved from [[Mashhad]] to the present day Samana because of political tensions with the then [[Abbasid Caliphate]] [[Al-Ma'mun]] after Al-Ma'mun poisoned and killed their father Imam Ali al-Ridha. After they get settled in the area, they named the place after their mother; Later, Mash'had Ali died there and his shrine is also located there and many Muslims go there to participate in the annual Symposium held in the premises of the Shrine.
Samana was named after the wife of [[Imam Muhammad at-Taqi]], respected by both [[Sunnis]] and [[Shias]], by their five sons (namely [[Imam]] [[Mash'had Ali]] who moved from [[Mashhad]] to the present day Samana because of political tensions with the then [[Abbasid Caliphate]]'s [[Caliph]] [[Al-Ma'mun]] after Al-Ma'mun poisoned and killed their father Imam Ali al-Ridha. After they got settled in the area, they named the place after their mother; Later, Mash'had Ali died there and his shrine is also located there and many [[Muslims]] go there to participate in the annual Symposium held in the premises of the Shrine.


Later the history is traced to the days of Raja Jaipal who ruled over, among others, the territories of [[Bathinda]] and Samana. It was included within the territory of [[Muhammad of Ghor|Shahab-ud-Din Muhammad Gauri]] after the conquest of Ajmer and Delhi and was entrusted to [[Qutb al-Din Aibak|Qutb ud-Din Aibak]] in 1192, along with the territories of [[Ghuram]] and Sunam.
Later the history is traced to the days of Raja Jaipal who ruled over, among others, the territories of [[Bathinda]] and Samana. It was included within the territory of [[Muhammad of Ghor|Shahab-ud-Din Muhammad Gauri]] after the conquest of Ajmer and Delhi and was entrusted to [[Qutb al-Din Aibak|Qutb ud-Din Aibak]] in 1192, along with the territories of [[Ghuram]] and Sunam.


Samana is listed in the [[Ain-i-Akbari]] as a [[pargana]] under the [[sarkar (country subdivision)|sarkar]] of [[Sirhind]], producing a revenue of 12,822,270 [[dam (Indian coin)|dam]]s for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 2000 infantry and 700 cavalry.<ref name="Ain-i-Akbari">{{cite book |last1=Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak |last2=Jarrett |first2=Henry Sullivan (translator) |title=The Ain-i-Akbari |date=1891 |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bengal |location=Calcutta |page=296 |url=https://archive.org/details/ainiakbarivolum00mubgoog |access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref>
Samana is listed in the [[Ain-i-Akbari]] as a [[pargana]] under the [[sarkar (administrative division)|sarkar]] of [[Sirhind]], producing a revenue of 12,822,270 [[dam (Indian coin)|dam]]s for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 2000 infantry and 700 cavalry.<ref name="Ain-i-Akbari">{{cite book |last1=Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak |translator-last=Jarrett |translator-first=Henry Sullivan |title=The Ain-i-Akbari |date=1891 |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bengal |location=Calcutta |page=296 |url=https://archive.org/details/ainiakbarivolum00mubgoog |access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref>


While Samana is said to be a place of saints and scholars during the Mughal days, it was notorious also for its professional executioners, who served at Delhi and Sirhind. ''"Sayyad Jala-ud-Din"'', who was ordered to execute [[Sikh Gurus|Sikh guru]] [[Guru Teg Bahadur ji]] at Delhi in 1675 was from Samana. Beg brothers, who were ordered to execute the younger sons of [[Guru Gobind Singh ji]], 6 years old [[Sahibzada Fateh Singh]] and 9 years old [[Sahibzada Zorawar Singh]], also belonged to Samana.<ref name="Tony_Jaques_2007">{{cite book
While Samana is said to be a place of saints and scholars during the Mughal days, it was notorious also for its professional executioners, who served at Delhi and Sirhind. ''"Sayyad Jala-ud-Din"'', who was ordered to execute [[Sikh Gurus|Sikh guru]] [[Guru Teg Bahadur ji]] at Delhi in 1675 was from Samana. Baig brothers, who were ordered to execute the younger sons of [[Guru Gobind Singh ji]], 6 years old [[Sahibzada Fateh Singh]] and 9 years old [[Sahibzada Zorawar Singh]], also belonged to Samana.<ref name="Tony_Jaques_2007">{{cite book
| title = Dictionary of battles and sieges
| title = Dictionary of battles and sieges
| volume = 3 | page= 948
| volume = 3 | page= 948
Line 74: Line 74:
| year = 2007
| year = 2007
| isbn = 9780313335396
| isbn = 9780313335396
}}</ref><ref>{{Google books |id=NbUB_ACAR5QC |page=506 |title=History of Islam }}</ref> This town was therefore one of the first places to have been sacked by [[Banda Singh Bahadur]].He had to give up Samana towards the end of 1710 AD when it was retaken by Mughals. The Sikhs retook it once again in 1742 AD under the leadership of Maharaja [[Ala Singh]], the founder [[Maharaja of Patiala|Maharaja]] of the [[Patiala State]], and was recognized as a part of Banda's territories by [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]].
}}</ref><ref>{{Google books |id=NbUB_ACAR5QC |page=506 |title=History of Islam }}</ref> This town was therefore one of the first places to have been sacked by the [[Sikh]] rebel [[Banda Singh Bahadur]]. He had to give up Samana towards the end of 1710 AD when it was retaken by the [[Mughals]]. The [[Sikhs]] retook it once again in 1742 AD under the leadership of [[Maharaja]] [[Ala Singh]], the founder [[Maharaja of Patiala|Maharaja]] of the [[Patiala State]], and was recognized as a part of his territories by [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]].


== Demographics ==
== Demographics ==
Line 116: Line 116:


== Samana Constituency ==
== Samana Constituency ==
Samana is one of the 117 Vidhan Sabha Constituencies of Punjab. Its constituency no. is 116.
Samana is one of the 117 Vidhan Sabha Constituencies of Punjab. Its constituency no. is 116. 13 year nagar council president Kapoor Chand Bansal


'''List of MLAs of Samana Constituency'''
'''List of MLAs of Samana Constituency'''
Line 126: Line 126:
* 1977 : Gurdev Singh (SAD)
* 1977 : Gurdev Singh (SAD)
* 1980 : [[Sant Ram Singla]] (INC)
* 1980 : [[Sant Ram Singla]] (INC)
* 1985 : Hardial Singh Rajla(SAD)
* 1985 : Hardial Singh Rajla (SAD)
* 1992 : [[Captain Amarinder Singh]] (SAD)
* 1992 : [[Captain Amarinder Singh]] (SAD)
* 1997 : Jagtar Singh Rajla (SAD)
* 1997 : Jagtar Singh Rajla (SAD)
Line 133: Line 133:
* 2012 : Surjit Singh Rakhra (SAD)
* 2012 : Surjit Singh Rakhra (SAD)
* 2017 : Rajinder Singh (INC)
* 2017 : Rajinder Singh (INC)
* 2022 : [[Chetan Singh Jormajra]] (AAP)


== Places to visit==
== Places to visit==


'''Panchmukhi Mandir: '''
'''Panchmukhi Mandir: '''
Panchmukhi Mandir is one of the earliest temples of Samana. It is a large and beautiful temple devoted to Lord Shiva. Every year, a grand festival is celebrated in this temple on the occasion of [[Mahashivaratri]], starts with a grand shobha yatra on previous day. Mata [[Naina Devi]] Mandir is also there inside the temple complex.
Panchmukhi Mandir is one of the earliest temples of Samana. It is a large temple devoted to Lord Shiva. Every year, a grand festival is celebrated in this temple on the occasion of [[Mahashivaratri]], starts with a grand shobha yatra on previous day. Mata [[Naina Devi]] Mandir is also there inside the temple complex.


'''Gurudwara Thada Sahib:<ref>[http://www.historicalgurudwaras.com/India/Punjab/Patiala/GurudwaraShriThadaSahibSamana/gallery.php Gurudwara Shri Thada Sahib, Samana (HistoricalGurudwaras.com)]</ref> '''
'''Gurudwara Thada Sahib:<ref>[http://www.historicalgurudwaras.com/India/Punjab/Patiala/GurudwaraShriThadaSahibSamana/gallery.php Gurudwara Shri Thada Sahib, Samana (HistoricalGurudwaras.com)]</ref> '''
Thada Sahib is a beautiful Historical Gurudwara. [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] Ji came to this place when he was on the way to Delhi. Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji came here to the place of Sai Anayat Ali. Adjoining was the area of a cruel Muslim, who had thrown cow bones in the well when Guru Sahib's Sikh went there for water. After that Guru Sahib got a well dug there.
Thada Sahib is a Historical Gurudwara. [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] Ji came to this place when he was on the way to Delhi. Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji came here to the place of Sai Anayat Ali. Adjoining was the area of a cruel Muslim, who had thrown cow bones in the well when Guru Sahib's Sikh went there for water. After that Guru Sahib got a well dug there.


'''Gurudwara Garhi Sahib''':<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.discoversikhism.com/sikh_gurdwaras/gurdwara_sri_garhi_sahib_samana.html|title=Gurudwara Sri Garhi Sahib, Samana and its history|website=Discover Sikhism}}</ref> Nawab Bhikhan Shah, a Muslim who owned a nearby Garhi (fort), was a great follower of Guru Tegh Bahadur. When Guru ji visited Samana, he requested him to accompany him back to his garhi which was safer for Guru ji as Mughal spies and soldiers were looking to arrest Guru ji . Upon request from Bhikhan Shah, Guru ji visited his Garhi and since then this place is famous as Gurudwara Garhi Sahib in memoir of Guru Tegh Bahadur ji. This gurudwara is situated at the bank of Ghagar river.
'''Gurudwara Garhi Sahib''':<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.discoversikhism.com/sikh_gurdwaras/gurdwara_sri_garhi_sahib_samana.html|title=Gurudwara Sri Garhi Sahib, Samana and its history|website=Discover Sikhism}}</ref> Nawab Bhikhan Shah, a Muslim who owned a nearby Garhi (fort), was a great follower of Guru Tegh Bahadur. When Guru ji visited Samana, he requested him to accompany him back to his garhi which was safer for Guru ji as Mughal spies and soldiers were looking to arrest Guru ji . Upon request from Bhikhan Shah, Guru ji visited his Garhi and since then this place is famous as Gurudwara Garhi Sahib in memoir of Guru Tegh Bahadur ji. This gurudwara is situated at the bank of Ghagar river.
Line 148: Line 149:


'''Panj Peer Mazar: '''
'''Panj Peer Mazar: '''
It is a major pilgrimage centre for Shia Muslims. Sayyid Mash'had Ali, who was son of 8th Shia Imam [[Ali al-Ridha]] was buried here about 1200 years ago and the town of Samana also takes its name from his mother. According to scholars of Muslim history, the discovery of the mazar is very significant as there is no mazar of any Imam in South Asia.
It is a major pilgrimage centre for [[Shia Muslims]]. Sayyid Mash'had Ali, who was son of 8th [[Shia]] [[Imam]] [[Ali al-Ridha]] was buried here about 1200 years ago and the town of Samana also takes its name from his mother. According to scholars of Muslim history, the discovery of the mazar is very significant as there is no mazar of any [[Imam]] in [[South Asia]].


'''New Aggarwal Gaushaala: '''
'''New Aggarwal Gaushaala: '''
It is one of largest Gaushaalas in Punjab. It is built on the banks of Bhakra, on Samana-Patiala road. It is fully accomplished with world class infrastructure and facilities. It covers 12 acres area. People visit here on the daily basis and offers charity and help.
It is one of largest Gaushaalas in Punjab. It is built on the banks of Bhakra, on Samana-Patiala road. It covers 12 acres area. People visit here on the daily basis and offers charity and help.


'''Pingla Ashram: '''
'''Pingla Ashram: '''
It is a charitable center and home for mentally retarded, handicapped and elderly helpless people. It was started by Dr. Hari Chand. It is being operated by the blessings of respected Hari Chand and handling by committee of reputed people of Samana. It is managed by Sh. Inderjit Dawar for more than a period of 51 years as a successor of Dr. Hari chand without accepting any serving fees of his duty. It is run by the donations from generous people of local town, adjacent villages and abroad.
It is a charitable center and home for mentally retarded, handicapped and elderly helpless people. It was started by Hari Chand. It is being operated by the blessings of respected Hari Chand and handling by committee of reputed people of Samana. It is managed by Sh. Inderjit Dawar for more than a period of 51 years as a successor of Hari chand without accepting any serving fees of his duty. It is run by the donations from generous people of local town, adjacent villages and abroad.


'''Maisar Mandir: '''
'''Maisar Mandir: '''
Line 163: Line 164:


'''Shri Durga Mata Mandir: '''
'''Shri Durga Mata Mandir: '''
It's a newly renovated beautiful temple located inside Aggarwal Dharamshala.
It is a newly renovated temple located inside Aggarwal Dharamshala.


Shri Aggarwal Dharamshala & Devi Talab Mandir
Shri Aggarwal Dharamshala & Devi Talab Mandir

'''Jamia Masjid: '''
This [[mosque]] was built during [[British Raj|British era]] and was a place of worship for the [[Muslims]] community. However, the mosque went out of use after [[Partition of India]] due to the [[Muslim]] community leaving for [[Pakistan]].


==Colleges==
==Colleges==
Line 174: Line 178:
* SASM College of Law
* SASM College of Law
* Aggarsain Women college
* Aggarsain Women college
* Aadarsh degree college


==Schools==
==Schools==

Latest revision as of 10:08, 15 May 2024

Samana
Samana Mandi
Town
Samana is located in Punjab
Samana
Samana
Location in Punjab, India
Samana is located in India
Samana
Samana
Samana (India)
Coordinates: 30°09′N 76°11′E / 30.15°N 76.19°E / 30.15; 76.19
Country India
StatePunjab
DistrictPatiala
Founded byGurpyar Singh Toor
Elevation
240 m (790 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total54,072
Languages
 • OfficialPunjabi, Hindi, English
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
147101
Telephone code91-1764
Vehicle registrationPB 42

Samana is a town and a municipal council, nearby Patiala City in Patiala district in the Indian state of Punjab.

Before Independence, Samana was a part of Patiala Kingdom (PEPSU). Now it is a part of Patiala District of Punjab (India).

Geography

[edit]

It has an average elevation of 240 metres (787 feet) with Latitude 30.1583 and Longitude 76.1931. It is located on State Highway(SH-10) between Patiala and Patran. The distance between Patiala and Samana is 26 km (kilometers) or 16.3 miles.

History

[edit]

Samana was named after the wife of Imam Muhammad at-Taqi, respected by both Sunnis and Shias, by their five sons (namely Imam Mash'had Ali who moved from Mashhad to the present day Samana because of political tensions with the then Abbasid Caliphate's Caliph Al-Ma'mun after Al-Ma'mun poisoned and killed their father Imam Ali al-Ridha. After they got settled in the area, they named the place after their mother; Later, Mash'had Ali died there and his shrine is also located there and many Muslims go there to participate in the annual Symposium held in the premises of the Shrine.

Later the history is traced to the days of Raja Jaipal who ruled over, among others, the territories of Bathinda and Samana. It was included within the territory of Shahab-ud-Din Muhammad Gauri after the conquest of Ajmer and Delhi and was entrusted to Qutb ud-Din Aibak in 1192, along with the territories of Ghuram and Sunam.

Samana is listed in the Ain-i-Akbari as a pargana under the sarkar of Sirhind, producing a revenue of 12,822,270 dams for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 2000 infantry and 700 cavalry.[1]

While Samana is said to be a place of saints and scholars during the Mughal days, it was notorious also for its professional executioners, who served at Delhi and Sirhind. "Sayyad Jala-ud-Din", who was ordered to execute Sikh guru Guru Teg Bahadur ji at Delhi in 1675 was from Samana. Baig brothers, who were ordered to execute the younger sons of Guru Gobind Singh ji, 6 years old Sahibzada Fateh Singh and 9 years old Sahibzada Zorawar Singh, also belonged to Samana.[2][3] This town was therefore one of the first places to have been sacked by the Sikh rebel Banda Singh Bahadur. He had to give up Samana towards the end of 1710 AD when it was retaken by the Mughals. The Sikhs retook it once again in 1742 AD under the leadership of Maharaja Ala Singh, the founder Maharaja of the Patiala State, and was recognized as a part of his territories by Ahmad Shah Durrani.

Demographics

[edit]
Religion in Samana, India (2011)
Religion %
Hinduism 67.88
Sikhism 29.36
Jainism 1.26
Islam 0.81
Christianity 0.54
Buddhism 0.01
Other or not religious 0.14

As per 2011 India census,[4] population statistics of Samana city:
Total Population: 54,072
Male Population: 28,309 (52.35%)
Female Population: 25,763 (47.65%)
Female Sex Ratio: 910
Literacy Rate: 85.85 %
Male Literacy Rate: 90.69 %
Female Literacy Rate: 78.58%

Samana Constituency

[edit]

Samana is one of the 117 Vidhan Sabha Constituencies of Punjab. Its constituency no. is 116. 13 year nagar council president Kapoor Chand Bansal

List of MLAs of Samana Constituency

  • 1957  : Harchand singh (INC)
  • 1962  : Chaudhary Bhajan Lal (INC)
  • 1967  : Chaudhary Bhajan Lal (INC)
  • 1969  : Pritam singh (SAD)
  • 1972  : Gurdev singh (SAD)
  • 1977  : Gurdev Singh (SAD)
  • 1980  : Sant Ram Singla (INC)
  • 1985  : Hardial Singh Rajla (SAD)
  • 1992  : Captain Amarinder Singh (SAD)
  • 1997  : Jagtar Singh Rajla (SAD)
  • 2002  : Surjit Singh Rakhra (SAD)
  • 2007  : Brahm Mohindra (INC)
  • 2012  : Surjit Singh Rakhra (SAD)
  • 2017  : Rajinder Singh (INC)
  • 2022  : Chetan Singh Jormajra (AAP)

Places to visit

[edit]

Panchmukhi Mandir: Panchmukhi Mandir is one of the earliest temples of Samana. It is a large temple devoted to Lord Shiva. Every year, a grand festival is celebrated in this temple on the occasion of Mahashivaratri, starts with a grand shobha yatra on previous day. Mata Naina Devi Mandir is also there inside the temple complex.

Gurudwara Thada Sahib:[5] Thada Sahib is a Historical Gurudwara. Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji came to this place when he was on the way to Delhi. Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji came here to the place of Sai Anayat Ali. Adjoining was the area of a cruel Muslim, who had thrown cow bones in the well when Guru Sahib's Sikh went there for water. After that Guru Sahib got a well dug there.

Gurudwara Garhi Sahib:[6] Nawab Bhikhan Shah, a Muslim who owned a nearby Garhi (fort), was a great follower of Guru Tegh Bahadur. When Guru ji visited Samana, he requested him to accompany him back to his garhi which was safer for Guru ji as Mughal spies and soldiers were looking to arrest Guru ji . Upon request from Bhikhan Shah, Guru ji visited his Garhi and since then this place is famous as Gurudwara Garhi Sahib in memoir of Guru Tegh Bahadur ji. This gurudwara is situated at the bank of Ghagar river.

Bir Gurdialpura Wildlife Sanctuary: Bir Gurdialpura Wildlife Sanctuary is about 15 km from Samana. It was one of the important hunting reserves of the erstwhile rulers of Patiala state. It was declared a protected forest and then as a sanctuary under the Fauna of Patiala Act. The sanctuary has a good ecological value and habitat for number of wild animals.

Panj Peer Mazar: It is a major pilgrimage centre for Shia Muslims. Sayyid Mash'had Ali, who was son of 8th Shia Imam Ali al-Ridha was buried here about 1200 years ago and the town of Samana also takes its name from his mother. According to scholars of Muslim history, the discovery of the mazar is very significant as there is no mazar of any Imam in South Asia.

New Aggarwal Gaushaala: It is one of largest Gaushaalas in Punjab. It is built on the banks of Bhakra, on Samana-Patiala road. It covers 12 acres area. People visit here on the daily basis and offers charity and help.

Pingla Ashram: It is a charitable center and home for mentally retarded, handicapped and elderly helpless people. It was started by Hari Chand. It is being operated by the blessings of respected Hari Chand and handling by committee of reputed people of Samana. It is managed by Sh. Inderjit Dawar for more than a period of 51 years as a successor of Hari chand without accepting any serving fees of his duty. It is run by the donations from generous people of local town, adjacent villages and abroad.

Maisar Mandir: A famous Maisar Mandir, dedicated to goddess Durga is located on the border of Samana and Shadipur (Haryana). Every year, a grand fair is organized here on the occasion of Navaratri.

Shri Sai Baba Mandir: It is located at the distance of 3 km from Samana.

Shri Durga Mata Mandir: It is a newly renovated temple located inside Aggarwal Dharamshala.

Shri Aggarwal Dharamshala & Devi Talab Mandir

Jamia Masjid: This mosque was built during British era and was a place of worship for the Muslims community. However, the mosque went out of use after Partition of India due to the Muslim community leaving for Pakistan.

Colleges

[edit]
  • Adarsh Nursing College
  • Dr Johri Degree College
  • Nancy college of Education.
  • Public College, Samana
  • SASM College of Law
  • Aggarsain Women college
  • Aadarsh degree college

Schools

[edit]
  • Acharya Devinder Muni Jain Model High School, Shehajpura Road, Samana
  • Aggarsain International public school Samana
  • Akal Academy School, Fatehgarh Channa
  • Budha Dal Public School, Samana
  • D.A.V Public School, Samana
  • D.A.V Public school, Badshahpur
  • D.A.V Public school, Kakrala.
  • D.A.V Public school, Kularan.
  • Dayanand Model High School, Samana
  • Holy heart public school, Samana
  • Mind Glow Academy, Samana
  • Model public Sr. Sec. school Samana
  • Premier public school Samana
  • Public Sr. Sec School Samana
  • S.D. Model High School, Samana
  • St. Lawrence Sr. Sec. School, Samana
  • Shivalik multipurpose public school
  • SRS Vidyapeeth Patiala Road Samana
  • The Winners Academy, Samana
  • Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Public Sr. Sec. School, Fatehpur
[edit]
  • Panchmukhi Mandir
    Panchmukhi Mandir

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak (1891). The Ain-i-Akbari. Translated by Jarrett, Henry Sullivan. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal. p. 296. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  2. ^ Tony Jaques (2007). Dictionary of battles and sieges. Vol. 3. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 948. ISBN 9780313335396.
  3. ^ History of Islam, p. 506, at Google Books
  4. ^ "Samana Population Census 2011". Census 2011. census2011.co.in. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
  5. ^ Gurudwara Shri Thada Sahib, Samana (HistoricalGurudwaras.com)
  6. ^ "Gurudwara Sri Garhi Sahib, Samana and its history". Discover Sikhism.
[edit]
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