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Coordinates: Sky map 03h 11m 18.90s, +01° 18′ 52.99″
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{{Short description|Interacting galaxy in the constellation Cetus}}
{{Sky|03|11|18.90|+|01|18|52.99}}
{{Sky|03|11|18.90|+|01|18|52.99}}

{{Infobox galaxy
{{Infobox galaxy
| name = Arp 147
| name = Arp 147
Line 8: Line 8:
| type = SB bc
| type = SB bc
| mass = ~3.6 x 10<sup>11</sup><ref name="Iop"/>
| mass = ~3.6 x 10<sup>11</sup><ref name="Iop"/>
| stars =
| stars =
| ra = {{RA|03|11|18.90}}
| ra = {{RA|03|11|18.90}}
| dec = {{DEC|+01|18|52.99}}
| dec = {{DEC|+01|18|52.99}}
| dist_ly = 430–440 [[light-year|Mly]] <br /> (134.9 [[parsec|mpc]])<ref name="Hubble">{{cite web|url=http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2008/37/fastfacts/|title=Hubble Scores a Perfect Ten: Fast Facts|publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration|date=October 30, 2008|accessdate=November 30, 2013}}</ref>
| dist_ly = 430–440 [[light-year|Mly]] <br /> (134.9 [[parsec|mpc]])<ref name="Hubble">{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/hst_img_20081030.html|title=Hubble Scores a Perfect Ten: Fast Facts|publisher=[[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]]|date=October 30, 2008|access-date=November 30, 2013}}</ref>
| z = 0.03141<ref name="SIMBAD">{{cite web|url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Arp+147|title=IC 298 – Pair of Galaxies|publisher=SIMBAD|accessdate=December 2, 2013}}</ref>
| z = 0.03141<ref name="SIMBAD">{{cite simbad|title=IC 298|access-date=December 2, 2013}}</ref>
| h_radial_v = 9,267 km/s<ref name="SIMBAD"/>
| h_radial_v = 9,267 km/s<ref name="SIMBAD"/>
| appmag_v = 14.3
| appmag_v = 14.3
| size_v = 0.650' x 0.286'<ref name="SIMBAD"/>
| size_v = 0.650' x 0.286'<ref name="SIMBAD"/>
| constellation name = [[Cetus (constellation)|Cetus]]
| constellation name = [[Cetus (constellation)|Cetus]]
| absmag_v =
| absmag_v =
| notes = massive H II region
| notes = massive H II region
| names = [[Spitzer Space Telescope|Spitzer]] ID 20369, '''[[Sloan Digital Sky Survey|SDSS]]''' J031120.03+011858.4, '''IC''' 298/298A, '''[[Principal Galaxies Catalogue|PGC]]''' 11890
| names = {{odlist|VV=787|SDSS=J031120.03+011858.4|IC=298/298A|PGC=11890}}
}}
}}


'''Arp 147''' (also known as IC 298) is an interacting pair of [[ring galaxies]]. It lies 430 million<ref name="Space"/> to 440 million light years away in the constellation [[Cetus]] and does not appear to be part of any significant [[galaxy group]].<ref name="Iop"/> The system was originally discovered in 1893 by [[Stephane Javelle]]<ref name="Seligman">{{cite web|url=http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ic2a.htm|title=IC Objects: IC 250 – 299|author=Courtney Seligman|publisher=CSeligman.com|accessdate=November 30, 2013}}</ref> and is listed in the [[Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies]].
'''Arp 147''' (also known as IC 298) is an interacting pair of [[ring galaxies]]. It lies 430 million<ref name="Space"/> to 440 million light years away in the constellation [[Cetus]] and does not appear to be part of any significant [[galaxy group]].<ref name="Iop"/> The system was originally discovered in 1893 by [[Stephane Javelle]]<ref name="Seligman">{{cite web|url=http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ic2a.htm|title=IC Objects: IC 250 – 299|author=Courtney Seligman|publisher=CSeligman.com|access-date=November 30, 2013}}</ref> and is listed in the [[Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies]].


The system was formed when a [[spiral galaxy]] (image right) collided with an [[elliptical galaxy]] (image left).<ref name="Chandra">{{cite web|url=http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2011/arp147/|title=Arp 147: Giant Ring of Black Holes|publisher=Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics|date=February 9, 2011|accessdate=November 30, 2013}}</ref> The collision produced an expanding wave of [[H II region|star production]] (shown as bright blue) traveling at an effective speed of ≳100&nbsp;km s<sup>−1</sup> and began some 40 million years ago.<ref name="Iop">{{cite journal |last=Rappaport |first=S. |last2=Levine |first2=A. |date=August 2, 2010 |title=Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources In Arp 147 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=721 |issue=2 |pages=1348–1355 |publisher=The American Astronomical Society |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/721/2/1348 |accessdate=November 30, 2013 |url=http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/721/2/1348/fulltext/apj_721_2_1348.text.html|arxiv = 1007.3271 |bibcode = 2010ApJ...721.1348R }}</ref> The most extreme period of star formation is estimated to have ended 15 million years ago and as the young, super hot stars died (as exploding [[supernovas]]) they left behind [[neutron stars]] and black holes.<ref name="Space">{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/10809-black-hole-ring-valentines-day-photo.html|title=Cosmic Valentine's Day Photo Reveals Black Hole Ring|publisher=Space.com|date=February 9, 2011|accessdate=December 1, 2013}}</ref>
The system was formed when a [[spiral galaxy]] (image right) collided with an [[elliptical galaxy]] (image left).<ref name="Chandra">{{cite web|url=http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2011/arp147/|title=Arp 147: Giant Ring of Black Holes|publisher=[[Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics]]|date=February 9, 2011|access-date=November 30, 2013}}</ref> The collision produced an expanding wave of [[H II region|star production]] (shown as bright blue) traveling at an effective speed of ≳100&nbsp;km s<sup>−1</sup> and began some 40 million years ago.<ref name="Iop">{{cite journal |last1=Rappaport |first1=S. |last2=Levine |first2=A. |date=August 2, 2010 |title=Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources In Arp 147 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=721 |issue=2 |pages=1348–1355 |publisher=The American Astronomical Society |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/721/2/1348 |arxiv = 1007.3271 |bibcode = 2010ApJ...721.1348R |s2cid=12231683 }}</ref> The most extreme period of star formation is estimated to have ended 15 million years ago and as the young, super hot stars died (as exploding [[supernovas]]) they left behind [[neutron stars]] and black holes.<ref name="Space">{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/10809-black-hole-ring-valentines-day-photo.html|title=Cosmic Valentine's Day Photo Reveals Black Hole Ring|publisher=[[Space.com]]|date=February 9, 2011|access-date=December 1, 2013}}</ref>


The right-side galaxy is 30,000 light years in diameter<ref>{{Cite APOD|title=The Double Ring Galaxies of Arp 147 from Hubble|date=4 November 2008|accessdate=November 30, 2013}}</ref> and is located 21,000 light years away from its partner galaxy.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gerber |first=Richard |last2=Lamb |first2=Susan |date=November 1992 |title=A model for ring galaxies – ARP 147-like systems |journal=Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume=399 |issue=1 |pages=L51-L54 |publisher=The American Astronomical Society |format=GIF |doi=10.1086/186604 |id= |accessdate=November 30, 2013 |url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1992ApJ...399L..51G|bibcode = 1992ApJ...399L..51G }}</ref>{{rp|3}} The entire system extends some 115,000 light years across.<ref name="Chandra"/>
The right-side galaxy is 30,000 light years in diameter<ref>{{Cite APOD|title=The Double Ring Galaxies of Arp 147 from Hubble|date=4 November 2008|access-date=November 30, 2013}}</ref> and is located 21,000 light years away from its partner galaxy.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gerber |first1=Richard |last2=Lamb |first2=Susan |date=November 1992 |title=A model for ring galaxies – ARP 147-like systems |journal=Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume=399 |issue=1 |pages=L51–L54 |publisher=The American Astronomical Society |doi=10.1086/186604 |bibcode = 1992ApJ...399L..51G |doi-access=free }}</ref>{{rp|3}} The entire system extends some 115,000 light years across.<ref name="Chandra"/>


In September 2008, [[Hubble Space Telescope|Hubble's]] main data-handling unit failed. After the problem was corrected, the telescope's [[Wide Field Planetary Camera 2]] was aimed at Arp 147 and the quality of the images taken assured NASA that Hubble was working properly.<ref name="Hubble"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2008/oct/30/hubble-space-telescope|title=Hubble out of trouble|author=Ian Sample|publisher=The Guardian|date=October 30, 2008|accessdate=December 2, 2013}}</ref>
In September 2008, [[Hubble Space Telescope|Hubble's]] main data-handling unit failed. After the problem was corrected, the telescope's [[Wide Field Planetary Camera 2]] was aimed at Arp 147 and the quality of the images taken assured NASA that Hubble was working properly.<ref name="Hubble"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2008/oct/30/hubble-space-telescope|title=Hubble out of trouble|author=Ian Sample|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=October 30, 2008|access-date=December 2, 2013}}</ref>


==Main ring==
==Main ring==
⚫
The main ring contains nine bright [[Astrophysical X-ray source|X-ray sources]] which are [[black holes]], each with a mass 10–20 times the mass of the Sun.<ref name="Chandra"/> The edge-to-edge expansion of the ring is 225 [[Plus-minus sign|±]] 8&nbsp;km/s and there is very little rotation seen (47 ± 8&nbsp;km/s).<ref name="SWIFT">{{cite journal |last1=Fogarty |first1=Lisa |last2=Niranjan |first2=Thatte |date=May 2011 |title=SWIFT Observations of the Arp 147 Ring galaxy system |journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] |volume=417 |issue= 2|pages=835–844 |publisher=[[Royal Astronomical Society]] |arxiv=1105.4423 |doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19066.x |bibcode = 2011MNRAS.417..835F |s2cid=119303860 }}</ref>{{rp|6}}


⚫
It also has a star formation rate of approximately 4.68 solar masses per year.<ref name="SWIFT"/>{{rp|7}}
⚫
The main ring contains nine bright [[Astrophysical X-ray source|X-ray sources]] which are [[black holes]], each with a mass 10–20 times the mass of the Sun.<ref name="Chandra"/> The edge-to-edge expansion of the ring is 225 [[Plus-minus sign|±]] 8&nbsp;km/s and there is very little rotation seen (47 ± 8&nbsp;km/s).<ref name="SWIFT">{{cite journal |last=Fogarty |first=Lisa |last2=Niranjan |first2=Thatte |date=May 2011 |title=SWIFT Observations of the Arp 147 Ring galaxy system |journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] |volume=417 |issue= |pages=1–11 |publisher=Royal Astronomical Society |format=PDF |arxiv=1105.4423v1 |doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19066.x |bibcode = 2011MNRAS.417..835F }}</ref>{{rp|6}}

⚫
It also has a star formation rate of approximately 4.68 solar masses per year.<ref name="SWIFT"/>{{rp|7}}
The reddish bulge in the main ring is thought to be the original [[Bulge (astronomy)|galactic nucleus]] of the primary galaxy<ref name="SWIFT"/>{{rp|1}} and comprises 30–50% of the total mass of the galaxy.<ref name="SWIFT"/>{{rp|9}}
The reddish bulge in the main ring is thought to be the original [[Bulge (astronomy)|galactic nucleus]] of the primary galaxy<ref name="SWIFT"/>{{rp|1}} and comprises 30–50% of the total mass of the galaxy.<ref name="SWIFT"/>{{rp|9}}


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{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
⚫
[[Category:Cetus (constellation)]]
* {{commonscat-inline}}

{{Cetus|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arp 147}}
⚫
[[Category:Cetus]]
[[Category:Ring galaxies]]
[[Category:Ring galaxies]]
[[Category:PGC objects]]
[[Category:Principal Galaxies Catalogue objects|11890]]
[[Category:Astronomical X-ray sources]]
[[Category:Astronomical X-ray sources]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1893]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1893]]
[[Category:IC objects]]
[[Category:Arp objects|147]]

Revision as of 18:17, 15 May 2024

Arp 147
Interacting galaxies Arp 147
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationCetus
Right ascension03h 11m 18.90s
Declination+01° 18′ 52.99″
Redshift0.03141[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity9,267 km/s[1]
Distance430–440 Mly
(134.9 mpc)[2]
Apparent magnitude (V)14.3
Characteristics
TypSB bc
Mass~3.6 x 1011[3] M☉
Apparent size (V)0.650' x 0.286'[1]
Notable featuresmassive H II region
Other designations
IC 298/298A, PGC 11890, VV 787, SDSS J031120.03+011858.4

Arp 147 (also known as IC 298) is an interacting pair of ring galaxies. It lies 430 million[4] to 440 million light years away in the constellation Cetus and does not appear to be part of any significant galaxy group.[3] The system was originally discovered in 1893 by Stephane Javelle[5] and is listed in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies.

The system was formed when a spiral galaxy (image right) collided with an elliptical galaxy (image left).[6] The collision produced an expanding wave of star production (shown as bright blue) traveling at an effective speed of ≳100 km s−1 and began some 40 million years ago.[3] The most extreme period of star formation is estimated to have ended 15 million years ago and as the young, super hot stars died (as exploding supernovas) they left behind neutron stars and black holes.[4]

The right-side galaxy is 30,000 light years in diameter[7] and is located 21,000 light years away from its partner galaxy.[8]: 3  The entire system extends some 115,000 light years across.[6]

In September 2008, Hubble's main data-handling unit failed. After the problem was corrected, the telescope's Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 was aimed at Arp 147 and the quality of the images taken assured NASA that Hubble was working properly.[2][9]

Main ring

The main ring contains nine bright X-ray sources which are black holes, each with a mass 10–20 times the mass of the Sun.[6] The edge-to-edge expansion of the ring is 225 ± 8 km/s and there is very little rotation seen (47 ± 8 km/s).[10]: 6 

It also has a star formation rate of approximately 4.68 solar masses per year.[10]: 7  The reddish bulge in the main ring is thought to be the original galactic nucleus of the primary galaxy[10]: 1  and comprises 30–50% of the total mass of the galaxy.[10]: 9 

Smaller galaxy

The smaller companion galaxy (left side) also contains an X-ray source which may be a poorly fed black hole.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b c "IC 298". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
  2. ^ a b "Hubble Scores a Perfect Ten: Fast Facts". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. October 30, 2008. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
  3. ^ a b c Rappaport, S.; Levine, A. (August 2, 2010). "Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources In Arp 147". The Astrophysical Journal. 721 (2). The American Astronomical Society: 1348–1355. arXiv:1007.3271. Bibcode:2010ApJ...721.1348R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/721/2/1348. S2CID 12231683.
  4. ^ a b "Cosmic Valentine's Day Photo Reveals Black Hole Ring". Space.com. February 9, 2011. Retrieved December 1, 2013.
  5. ^ Courtney Seligman. "IC Objects: IC 250 – 299". CSeligman.com. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
  6. ^ a b c d "Arp 147: Giant Ring of Black Holes". Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. February 9, 2011. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
  7. ^ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (4 November 2008). "The Double Ring Galaxies of Arp 147 from Hubble". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
  8. ^ Gerber, Richard; Lamb, Susan (November 1992). "A model for ring galaxies – ARP 147-like systems". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 399 (1). The American Astronomical Society: L51–L54. Bibcode:1992ApJ...399L..51G. doi:10.1086/186604.
  9. ^ Ian Sample (October 30, 2008). "Hubble out of trouble". The Guardian. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
  10. ^ a b c d Fogarty, Lisa; Niranjan, Thatte (May 2011). "SWIFT Observations of the Arp 147 Ring galaxy system". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 417 (2). Royal Astronomical Society: 835–844. arXiv:1105.4423. Bibcode:2011MNRAS.417..835F. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19066.x. S2CID 119303860.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  • Media related to Arp 147 at Wikimedia Commons
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