Lom people: Difference between revisions
m Fixed typos |
|||
(22 intermediate revisions by 17 users not shown) | |||
Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
|caption = |
|caption = |
||
|population= |
|population= |
||
| |
|popplace = Armenia, Georgia and Turkey |
||
|pop1= 2,000<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266387938 |title=The Gypsies |website= www.researchgate.net|access-date=2020-08-21}}</ref> |
|||
|region2={{flag|Turkey}} |
|||
|pop2= ~1,000<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.agos.com.tr/tr/yazi/17704/tarihten-gunumuze-lomlar-veya-posalar|title=Tarihten günümüze Lomlar veya Poşalar|website=Agos|language=Turkish}}</ref> |
|||
|langs = [[Lomavren language|Lomavren]], [[Armenian language|Armenian]], [[Georgian language|Georgian]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]] |
|langs = [[Lomavren language|Lomavren]], [[Armenian language|Armenian]], [[Georgian language|Georgian]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]] |
||
|rels = |
|rels = [[Christianity]] |
||
|related-c = [[Romani people|Romani]], [[Dom people|Doms]], [[Dom (caste)|Domba]], [[Ghorbati]]; other [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Indo-Aryans]] |
|||
|related-c = |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
The '''Lom people''' |
The '''Lom people''' ({{lang-tr|Lomlar}}), also known by non-Loms as '''Bosha''' or '''Posha''' ({{lang-tr|Poşa}}; {{lang-hy|Բոշա}}; {{lang-ka|ბოშა|tr}}; {{lang-ru|Боша}}) or as '''Armenian Romani''' ({{lang-ru|армянские цыгане}}; {{lang-hy|հայ գնչուներ}}) or '''Caucasian Romani'''<ref name="Gypsy Lore Society">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SFInAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22Caucasian+Gypsies%22&pg=PA237 |title=Journal / Gypsy Lore Society, Volume 1|publisher=Gypsy Lore Society |via=[[University of California]] |date=1908}}</ref> ({{lang-ru|кавказские цыгане}}), are an ethnic group originating from the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref name="romnews">{{Cite web|url=http://www.romnews.com/community/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=880|title=Info on Bosha – Armenian Roma|date=2007-10-28|website=RomNews Network Community|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028070819/http://www.romnews.com/community/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=880|archive-date=2007-10-28|url-status=dead|access-date=2018-08-10}}</ref> |
||
Their [[Lomavren language]] is a [[mixed language]], combining an [[Indo-Aryan language|Indo-Aryan]] substrate with [[Armenian language|Armenian]]. |
Their [[Lomavren language]] is a [[mixed language]], combining an [[Indo-Aryan language|Indo-Aryan]] substrate with [[Armenian language|Armenian]]. |
||
Line 59: | Line 56: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|} |
|} |
||
It is difficult to determine the exact number of Bosha people that exist, due to the dispersed and often mostly-assimilated nature of the group. Estimates suggest only a few thousand of the people can be found across [[Armenia]] and [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], while the Armenian Government's census reports only 50 living in the former.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tacentral.com/people.asp|title=POPULATION AND PEOPLE – People – Armenia Travel, History, Archeology & Ecology – TourArmenia – Travel Guide to Armenia|website=Tacentral.com|access-date=9 January 2018}}</ref> |
|||
==Distribution== |
==Distribution== |
||
Line 66: | Line 63: | ||
In Georgia they live in such cities as [[Tbilisi]], [[Kutaisi]], [[Akhalkalaki]] and [[Akhaltsikhe]].<ref name="romnews"/> They are noted for such occupations as sievemakers. |
In Georgia they live in such cities as [[Tbilisi]], [[Kutaisi]], [[Akhalkalaki]] and [[Akhaltsikhe]].<ref name="romnews"/> They are noted for such occupations as sievemakers. |
||
In Turkey the Lomlar or Poshalar adopted [[Islam]] at the 19th century and assimilated [[Culture of Turkey|Turkish culture]].<ref>https://istanbultarihi.ist/472-the-gypsies-of-istanbul</ref> They mostly live in [[Artvin]], [[Rize]], [[Ardahan]] and [[Kars]] and identify themselves as Meshketian Turks, hiding their Lom origins, while taking Armenian words from their contact with the [[Hemshin peoples|Hemshin]].<ref>https://www.agos.com.tr/tr/yazi/17704/tarihten-gunumuze-lomlar-veya-posalar</ref> |
In Turkey the Lomlar or Poshalar adopted [[Islam]] at the 19th century and assimilated [[Culture of Turkey|Turkish culture]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE GYPSIES OF ISTANBUL {{!}} History of Istanbul |url=https://istanbultarihi.ist/472-the-gypsies-of-istanbul |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=istanbultarihi.ist}}</ref> They mostly live in [[Artvin]], [[Rize]], [[Ardahan]] and [[Kars]] and identify themselves as Meshketian Turks, hiding their Lom origins, while taking Armenian words from their contact with the [[Hemshin peoples|Hemshin]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tarihten günümüze Lomlar veya Poşalar |url=https://www.agos.com.tr/tr/yazi/17704/tarihten-gunumuze-lomlar-veya-posalar |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=Agos |date=13 February 2017 |language=tr}}</ref> |
||
{{clearleft}} |
{{clearleft}} |
||
==References== |
==References== |
||
{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
||
==Further reading== |
|||
* Marushiakova, Elena and Popov, Vesselin. "The 'Gypsies' (Dom – Lom – Rom) In Southern Caucasus (Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan)" Preserving the Roma Memories. Festschrift in Honor of Dr. Adam Bartosz, hrsg. v. Kyuchukov, Hristo, Marushiakova, Elena, Popov, Vesselin (Roma 7)., 2020. IJBF Online [https://www-degruyter-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/database/IJBF/entry/ijbf.36428/html]. Accessed 2023-07-14. |
|||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
Line 78: | Line 78: | ||
{{Romani diaspora}} |
{{Romani diaspora}} |
||
{{Ethnic groups in Armenia}} |
|||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lom People}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lom People}} |
||
Line 83: | Line 84: | ||
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Georgia (country)]] |
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Georgia (country)]] |
||
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Turkey]] |
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Turkey]] |
||
[[Category:Lom people| ]] |
Latest revision as of 08:53, 17 May 2024
Bosha gypsies, 19th century | |
Regions with significant populations | |
---|---|
Armenia, Georgia and Turkey | |
Languages | |
Lomavren, Armenian, Georgian, Turkish | |
Religion | |
Christianity | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Romani, Doms, Domba, Ghorbati; other Indo-Aryans |
The Lom people (Turkish: Lomlar), also known by non-Loms as Bosha or Posha (Turkish: Poşa; Armenian: Բոշա; Georgian: ბოშა, romanized: bosha; Russian: Боша) or as Armenian Romani (Russian: армянские цыгане; Armenian: հայ գնչուներ) or Caucasian Romani[1] (Russian: кавказские цыгане), are an ethnic group originating from the Indian subcontinent.[2] Their Lomavren language is a mixed language, combining an Indo-Aryan substrate with Armenian.
Number
[edit]Lom/Bosha in Soviet Transcaucasia | |||
Year | Armenien | Georgien | Aserbaidschan |
---|---|---|---|
1926[3] | 2
|
333
|
333
|
1939[4] | 7
|
727
|
400
|
1959[5] | 18
|
1,024
|
577
|
1970[6] | 12
|
1,224
|
843
|
1979[7] | 59
|
1,223
|
121
|
1989[8] | 48
|
1,744
|
145
|
It is difficult to determine the exact number of Bosha people that exist, due to the dispersed and often mostly-assimilated nature of the group. Estimates suggest only a few thousand of the people can be found across Armenia and Georgia, while the Armenian Government's census reports only 50 living in the former.[9]
Distribution
[edit]Concentrations of Bosha can be found in Yerevan and Gyumri in Armenia. Some of the Bosha in Armenia have adopted the Armenian language and assimilated with the larger Armenian population.[10]
In Georgia they live in such cities as Tbilisi, Kutaisi, Akhalkalaki and Akhaltsikhe.[2] They are noted for such occupations as sievemakers.
In Turkey the Lomlar or Poshalar adopted Islam at the 19th century and assimilated Turkish culture.[11] They mostly live in Artvin, Rize, Ardahan and Kars and identify themselves as Meshketian Turks, hiding their Lom origins, while taking Armenian words from their contact with the Hemshin.[12]
References
[edit]- ^ Journal / Gypsy Lore Society, Volume 1. Gypsy Lore Society. 1908 – via University of California.
- ^ a b "Info on Bosha – Armenian Roma". RomNews Network Community. 2007-10-28. Archived from the original on 2007-10-28. Retrieved 2018-08-10.
- ^ "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Archived from the original on September 26, 2011.
- ^ "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Archived from the original on September 26, 2011.
- ^ "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". demoscope.ru. Archived from the original on September 26, 2011.
- ^ "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007.
- ^ "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007.
- ^ "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Archived from the original on January 4, 2012.
- ^ "POPULATION AND PEOPLE – People – Armenia Travel, History, Archeology & Ecology – TourArmenia – Travel Guide to Armenia". Tacentral.com. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
- ^ Wixman. The Peoples of the USSR. p. 30
- ^ "THE GYPSIES OF ISTANBUL | History of Istanbul". istanbultarihi.ist. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
- ^ "Tarihten günümüze Lomlar veya Poşalar". Agos (in Turkish). 13 February 2017. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
Further reading
[edit]- Marushiakova, Elena and Popov, Vesselin. "The 'Gypsies' (Dom – Lom – Rom) In Southern Caucasus (Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan)" Preserving the Roma Memories. Festschrift in Honor of Dr. Adam Bartosz, hrsg. v. Kyuchukov, Hristo, Marushiakova, Elena, Popov, Vesselin (Roma 7)., 2020. IJBF Online [1]. Accessed 2023-07-14.
External links
[edit]- Media related to Lom people at Wikimedia Commons
- Marushiakova, Elena and Vesselin Popov. 2016. Gypsies of Central Asia and Caucasus. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Roma and Gypsies