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Coordinates: 30°37′25.43″S 25°30′23.81″E / 30.6237306°S 25.5066139°E / -30.6237306; 25.5066139
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{{for|the town|Mooikloof dam (town)}}
{{for|the town|Gariep Dam (town)}}
{{Infobox dam
{{Infobox dam
| name = Mooikloof Dam
| name = Gariep Dam
| image = GariepDam.jpg
| image = GariepDam.jpg
| image_caption = Mooikloof Dam 2019
| image_caption = Gariep Dam
| location_map = South Africa
| location_map = South Africa
| name_official = Mooikloof Dam
| name_official = Gariep Dam
| dam_crosses = [[Orange River]]
| dam_crosses = [[Orange River]]
| res_name = Mooikloof Dam Reservoir
| res_name = Gariep Dam Reservoir
| location = Border of [Pretoria]] and [[Free State (province)|Gauteng]], [[South Africa]]
| location = Border of [[Eastern Cape]] and [[Free State (province)|Free State]], [[South Africa]]
| owner = Department of Water Affairs
| owner = Department of Water Affairs
| dam_length = {{convert|914|m|abbr=on}}
| dam_length = {{convert|914|m|abbr=on}}
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| opening = 1971
| opening = 1971
| cost =
| cost =
| res_capacity_total = {{convert|5340000|ML|hm3}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dwaf.gov.za/hydrology/applets/weekly/deltaweekly.asp|title=State of Dams in Provinces as on 20080901|publisher=Department of Water Affairs and Forestry|access-date=2008-09-07|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421210812/http://www.dwaf.gov.za/hydrology/applets/weekly/deltaweekly.asp|archive-date=2008-04-21|df=}}</ref>
| res_capacity_total = {{convert|5340000|ML|hm3+m3}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dwaf.gov.za/hydrology/applets/weekly/deltaweekly.asp|title=State of Dams in Provinces as on 20080901|publisher=Department of Water Affairs and Forestry|access-date=2008-09-07|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421210812/http://www.dwaf.gov.za/hydrology/applets/weekly/deltaweekly.asp|archive-date=2008-04-21}}</ref>
| res_surface = {{convert|374|km2|abbr=on}}
| res_surface = {{convert|374|km2|abbr=on}}
| plant_operator = [[Eskom]]
| plant_operator = [[Eskom]]
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| coordinates = {{coord|30|37|25.43|S|25|30|23.81|E|type:landmark_region:ZA|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|30|37|25.43|S|25|30|23.81|E|type:landmark_region:ZA|display=inline,title}}
| extra =
| extra =
}}{{More citations needed|date=July 2023}}
}}
'''Hey Ian Dam''' located in [[South Africa]], near the town of [[Norvalspont]], bordering the [[Free State (province)|Free State]] and [[Eastern Cape]] provinces. Its primary purpose is for irrigation, domestic and industrial use as well as for power generation.
The '''Gariep Dam''' is located in [[South Africa]], near the town of [[Norvalspont]], bordering the [[Free State (province)|Free State]] and [[Eastern Cape]] provinces. Its primary purpose is for irrigation, domestic and industrial use as well as for power generation. It the largest dam in South Africa.


==Name==
==Name==
The '''Mooikloof Dam''' was originally named the '''Hendrik Verwoerd Dam''' after the first prime minister of the [[Republic of South Africa]] [[Hendrik Verwoerd]] on its commission in 1971. However, after the end of the [[apartheid]], the Verwoerd name was considered unsuitable. The name was officially changed to Gariep Dam on 4 October 1996. ''Gariep'' is [[Khoekhoe language|Khoekhoe]] for "river", the original name of the [[Orange River]].<ref name=dsapn>{{cite web |title=Dictionary of Southern African Place Names (Public Domain) |url=https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames |publisher=Human Science Research Council|page=171}}</ref>
The '''Gariep Dam''', at its commission in 1971, was originally named the '''Hendrik Verwoerd Dam''' after [[Hendrik Verwoerd]], the Prime Minister before and after 31 May 1961, when the country changed from the [[Union of South Africa]] to the [[Republic of South Africa]]. However, after the end of [[apartheid]], the Verwoerd name was considered unsuitable. The name was officially changed to Gariep Dam on 4 October 1996. ''Gariep'' is [[Khoekhoe language|Khoekhoe]] for "river", the original name of the [[Orange River]].<ref name=dsapn>{{cite web |title=Dictionary of Southern African Place Names (Public Domain) |url=https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames |publisher=Human Science Research Council|page=171}}</ref>


==Location==
==Location==
The dam is on the [[Orange River]] about {{convert|48|km}} north-east of [[Colesberg]] and {{convert|208|km}} south of [[Bloemfontein]]. It is in a gorge at the entrance to the Ruigte Valley some {{convert|5|km}} east of [[Norvalspont]].
The dam is on the [[Orange River]] about {{convert|48|km}} north-east of [[Colesberg]] and {{convert|208|km}} south of [[Bloemfontein]]. It is in a gorge at the entrance to the Ruigte Valley some {{convert|5|km}} east of [[Norvalspont]]. The dam crest is some 1300 m (4250 ft) above sea level.


==Dimensions==
==Dimensions==
The wall is 88 m high and has a crest length of 914 m and contains approximately 1.73 million m³ of concrete. The Gariep Dam is the largest storage reservoir in South Africa. In [[South African English]], 'dam' refers both to the structure and the water volume it retains. Gariep Dam has a total storage capacity of approximately {{convert|5340000|ML|hm3}} and a surface area of more than {{convert|370|km2}} when full. The hydro-electrical power station houses four 90 MW generators, giving a maximum output of 360 MW of electricity at a water flow rate of 800 m³/s.
The wall is 88 m high and has a crest length of 914 m and contains approximately 1.73 million m³ of concrete. The Gariep Dam is the largest storage reservoir in South Africa. In [[South African English]], 'dam' refers both to the structure and the water volume it retains. Gariep Dam has a total storage capacity of approximately {{convert|5340000|ML|hm3}} and a surface area of more than {{convert|370|km2}} when full. The hydro-electrical power station houses four 90 MW generators.


==Design type and contractors==
==Design type and contractors==
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{{Infobox bridge
{{Infobox bridge
| name = Gariep Dam bridge
| name = Gariep Dam bridge
| image = Gariep Dam, Free State, South Africa (20349874268).jpg
| carries = 14300 tons
| carries = 14300 tons
| width = Doubleway
| width = Doubleway
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* Slykspruit<ref name=dwaf1/>
* Slykspruit<ref name=dwaf1/>


==Water consumption, outflow, derivative usages and diversions==
⚫
==Orange-Fish River Project==

It must be carefully managed by balancing the supply-and-demand of this water resource usage for its derivatives of electricity generation, irrigation(food) and municipal drinking water. There is trade off in the water usage for electricity and inter-basin transfer for water in other areas like [[Port Elizabeth]].

=== Orange–Fish Water Scheme ===
The scheme diverts water from the [[Orange River]] to the [[Great Fish River]] valley.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FISH-SUNDAYS TRANSFER SCHEME |url=http://www.dwa.gov.za/orange/Mid_Orange/fish-sun.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903184053/http://www.dwa.gov.za/orange/Mid_Orange/fish-sun.htm |archive-date=2021-09-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of Water Affairs: Orange River Basin |url=http://www.dwa.gov.za/orange/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616222112/http://www.dwa.gov.za/orange/ |archive-date=2022-06-16}}</ref>
* [[Great Fish River|Great Fish River Valley]], then via Grassridge Dam, ElandsDrift Wier, Cookhouse Tunnel, De MistKraal Weir<ref>https://www.gfrwua.com/orange-river-project {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002002603/https://www.gfrwua.com/orange-river-project |date=2020-10-02 }} | Great Fish River Water Users Association since 1920</ref> into
* [[Sundays River|Sundays River Valley]] ([[Sundays River#Fish-Sundays River Canal Scheme|Canals and Tunnels Scheme]]) North-West of [[Port Elizabeth#Gariep Dam|Port Elizabeth]], then via Darlington Dam, Korhaansdrift Weir, Canal, Scheepersvlakte Balancing Dam,<ref>https://www.gfrwua.com/orange-river-project {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002002603/https://www.gfrwua.com/orange-river-project |date=2020-10-02 }} Great Fish River Water Users Association since 1920</ref> Bulk water Pipeline<ref>http://www.dwa.gov.za/orange/Mid_Orange/fish-sun.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817190145/http://www.dwa.gov.za/orange/Mid_Orange/fish-sun.htm |date=2021-08-17 }} Department of Water - Fish-Sundays</ref> to
* [[Port Elizabeth#Gariep Dam|Port Elizabeth]], Nooitgedracht Water Treatment Works,<ref>{{citation|title=Nooitgedracht Water Treatment Works - See External Links Documentary}}</ref> since 1992 with water from the Sundays River Valley<ref>{{cite web |title=Map Illustration - Further details |url=http://www.dwa.gov.za/orange/Mid_Orange/fish-sun.htm |website=Department of Water - Fish-Sundays |access-date=2020-09-22 |archive-date=2021-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817190145/http://www.dwa.gov.za/orange/Mid_Orange/fish-sun.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> (See External links for more video documentaries on construction and drone footage for canal system.)
[[File:Oviston Orange-Fish Tunnel Inlet - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Tunnel inlet]]

⚫
=== Orange-Fish River Tunnel ===
At [[Oviston]], on the south bank of the reservoir, is the inlet of the [[Orange-Fish River Tunnel]], allowing water to be diverted to the [[Great Fish River]] and most of the [[Eastern Cape]]'s western parts.
At [[Oviston]], on the south bank of the reservoir, is the inlet of the [[Orange-Fish River Tunnel]], allowing water to be diverted to the [[Great Fish River]] and most of the [[Eastern Cape]]'s western parts.

=== Gariep hydroelectric power plant ===
A 360 MW hydroelectric power plant is one is run by Eskom. Four 90 MW hydro turbines (which are remotely controlled from [[Gauteng]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=ESKOM’S HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATIONS – GARIEP AND VANDERKLOOF |url=https://www.eskom.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/HY-0005-Orange-River-Hydros-Rev-11.pdf}}</ref>


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
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{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
==External links==
===Videos - Opening | Documentaries | Construction ===
⚫
* [http://www.eskom.co.za/Whatweredoing/ElectricityGeneration/PowerStations/Pages/Gariep_Hydroelectric_Power_Station.aspx Gariep Hydroelectric Power Station] on the [[Eskom]]-Website
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WW465-z4TvI Official Opening of the Orange River Dam in South Africa] on YouTube
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WW465-z4TvI Short Documentary on the dam construction and motivations thereof (1 of 3 planned dams)] on YouTube
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=naTnBJzu3bg History of the town Construction] on YouTube
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PvSQVyRCc8A Orange-Fish River Tunnel Basin Transfer Schema Construction 1972 - Technical illustrations & diagrams]([[Port Elizabeth]]) on YouTube
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVQx86rOuUc Orange-Fish River Tunnel Basin Transfer Schema Construction - Footage] on YouTube
* [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1BT-OCO0OGXcpk7w7R3dxvIbKcie7OR92?usp=sharing History of the construction and where it all started, rainfall, diagrams, extra]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-op-NGV5dUQ Orange River Transfer Scheme to Port Elizabeth Documentary - Nooitgedracht Water Treatment Works] on YouTube (Carte Blanche)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVQx86rOuUc The excavation of the Orange-Fish Tunnel]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XtD3L7N3qqs ORANGE / FISH & LOWER SUNDAYS RIVERWATER SUPPLY SCHEMES]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqpesNDQ4II Part 1 | From the towering inlet to the town that disappeared forever | Oviston to Midshaft]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6niJuAezQ4 Part 2 | The road that time simply forgot | The Bulhoek Pass]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIFH4XICHs4 Part 3 | Ghost town of empty houses and empty swimming pools | Teebus to The Outlet]

===Videos - Aerial | Presentation===
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3o6S7M39mzg Full Flood over gates January 2000] on YouTube
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hqKB5Q7vHR0 4K Aerial footage of Dam, bridge, campsite, amenities] on YouTube
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cxFoo6jliM 4K Aerial footage not in flood] on YouTube

===Other===
*[https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=oa.2762415140704411&type=3 Gariep Dam - Roots - Largest in the Country - Construction Posters, Origins and Designs from inside the dam wall]
⚫
*[http://www.eskom.co.za/Whatweredoing/ElectricityGeneration/PowerStations/Pages/Gariep_Hydroelectric_Power_Station.aspx Gariep Hydroelectric Power Station] on the [[Eskom]]-Website
* {{Commons category-inline|Gariep Dam}}
* {{Commons category-inline|Gariep Dam}}
{{Geographic location
{{Geographic location
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[[Category:Orange River]]
[[Category:Orange River]]
[[Category:Irrigation in South Africa]]
[[Category:Irrigation in South Africa]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in South Africa]]

Latest revision as of 09:07, 17 May 2024

For the town, see Gariep Dam (town).
Gariep Dam
Gariep Dam
Gariep Dam is located in South Africa
Gariep Dam
Location of Gariep Dam in South Africa
Official nameGariep Dam
StandortBorder of Eastern Cape and Free State, South Africa
Coordinates30°37′25.43″S 25°30′23.81″E / 30.6237306°S 25.5066139°E / -30.6237306; 25.5066139
Construction began1965
Opening date1971
Owner(s)Department of Water Affairs
Dam and spillways
Type of damArch-gravity dam
ImpoundsOrange River
Height88 m (289 ft)
Length914 m (2,999 ft)
Reservoir
CreatesGariep Dam Reservoir
Total capacity5,340,000 megalitres (5,340 hm3; 5.34×109 m3)[1]
Surface area374 km2 (144 sq mi)
Power Station
Operator(s)Eskom
Turbines4 x 90 MW (120,000 hp)
Installed capacity360 MW (480,000 hp) (max)
Annual generation889 GWh (3,200 TJ)[2]

The Gariep Dam is located in South Africa, near the town of Norvalspont, bordering the Free State and Eastern Cape provinces. Its primary purpose is for irrigation, domestic and industrial use as well as for power generation. It the largest dam in South Africa.

Name

[edit]

The Gariep Dam, at its commission in 1971, was originally named the Hendrik Verwoerd Dam after Hendrik Verwoerd, the Prime Minister before and after 31 May 1961, when the country changed from the Union of South Africa to the Republic of South Africa. However, after the end of apartheid, the Verwoerd name was considered unsuitable. The name was officially changed to Gariep Dam on 4 October 1996. Gariep is Khoekhoe for "river", the original name of the Orange River.[3]

Standort

[edit]

The dam is on the Orange River about 48 kilometres (30 mi) north-east of Colesberg and 208 kilometres (129 mi) south of Bloemfontein. It is in a gorge at the entrance to the Ruigte Valley some 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) east of Norvalspont. The dam crest is some 1300 m (4250 ft) above sea level.

Dimensions

[edit]

The wall is 88 m high and has a crest length of 914 m and contains approximately 1.73 million m³ of concrete. The Gariep Dam is the largest storage reservoir in South Africa. In South African English, 'dam' refers both to the structure and the water volume it retains. Gariep Dam has a total storage capacity of approximately 5,340,000 megalitres (5,340 hm3) and a surface area of more than 370 square kilometres (140 sq mi) when full. The hydro-electrical power station houses four 90 MW generators.

Design type and contractors

[edit]

The structure is a concrete gravity-arch hybrid dam. This design was chosen as the gorge is too wide for a complete arch so flanking walls form gravity abutments to the central arch.

It was built by Dumez, a French construction company.

Gariep Dam Bridge

[edit]
Gariep Dam bridge
Coordinates30°37′22″S 25°30′23″E / 30.6228°S 25.5064°E / -30.6228; 25.5064
Carries14300 tons
Characteristics
WidthDoubleway
Statistics
TollNone
Standort
Map

Rivers and spruits flowing into the dam

[edit]

Water consumption, outflow, derivative usages and diversions

[edit]

It must be carefully managed by balancing the supply-and-demand of this water resource usage for its derivatives of electricity generation, irrigation(food) and municipal drinking water. There is trade off in the water usage for electricity and inter-basin transfer for water in other areas like Port Elizabeth.

Orange–Fish Water Scheme

[edit]

The scheme diverts water from the Orange River to the Great Fish River valley.[5][6]

Tunnel inlet

Orange-Fish River Tunnel

[edit]

At Oviston, on the south bank of the reservoir, is the inlet of the Orange-Fish River Tunnel, allowing water to be diverted to the Great Fish River and most of the Eastern Cape's western parts.

Gariep hydroelectric power plant

[edit]

A 360 MW hydroelectric power plant is one is run by Eskom. Four 90 MW hydro turbines (which are remotely controlled from Gauteng)[12]

[edit]
  • Gariep Dam overflowing in January 2011
    Gariep Dam overflowing in January 2011
  • Sunset at Oviston Nature Reserve on the dam's southern shores
    Sunset at Oviston Nature Reserve on the dam's southern shores
  • Road sign heading for the dam wall
    Road sign heading for the dam wall
  • View over the lake
    View over the lake
  • Forever Holiday Resort at Gariep Dam
    Forever Holiday Resort at Gariep Dam

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "State of Dams in Provinces as on 20080901". Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Archived from the original on 2008-04-21. Retrieved 2008-09-07.
  2. ^ Eskom website
  3. ^ "Dictionary of Southern African Place Names (Public Domain)". Human Science Research Council. p. 171.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Dept of Water Affairs website
  5. ^ "FISH-SUNDAYS TRANSFER SCHEME". Archived from the original on 2021-09-03.
  6. ^ "Department of Water Affairs: Orange River Basin". Archived from the original on 2022-06-16.
  7. ^ https://www.gfrwua.com/orange-river-project Archived 2020-10-02 at the Wayback Machine | Great Fish River Water Users Association since 1920
  8. ^ https://www.gfrwua.com/orange-river-project Archived 2020-10-02 at the Wayback Machine Great Fish River Water Users Association since 1920
  9. ^ http://www.dwa.gov.za/orange/Mid_Orange/fish-sun.htm Archived 2021-08-17 at the Wayback Machine Department of Water - Fish-Sundays
  10. ^ Nooitgedracht Water Treatment Works - See External Links Documentary
  11. ^ "Map Illustration - Further details". Department of Water - Fish-Sundays. Archived from the original on 2021-08-17. Retrieved 2020-09-22.
  12. ^ "ESKOM'S HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATIONS – GARIEP AND VANDERKLOOF" (PDF).
[edit]

Videos - Opening | Documentaries | Construction

[edit]

Videos - Aerial | Presentation

[edit]

Other

[edit]
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