Sokolov, Czech Republic: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Town in the Czech Republic}} |
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:''See other uses of [[Sokolov (disambiguation)|Sokolov]].'' |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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| name = Sokolov |
| name = Sokolov |
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| other_name = |
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| settlement_type = [[Obec|Town]] |
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<!-- images --> |
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| settlement_type = Town |
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<!-- images, nickname, motto --> |
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| image_skyline = Sokolov zámek (4).JPG |
| image_skyline = Sokolov zámek (4).JPG |
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| image_caption = |
| image_caption = Sokolov Castle |
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| image_flag = Sokolov prapor.svg |
| image_flag = Sokolov prapor.svg |
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| image_shield = Sokolov COA.svg |
| image_shield = Sokolov COA.svg |
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| motto = |
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| nickname = |
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| etymology = |
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<!-- location --> |
<!-- location --> |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
| subdivision_type = Country |
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| subdivision_name = |
| subdivision_name = {{CZE}} |
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| subdivision_type1 = |
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of the Czech Republic|Region]] |
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| subdivision_name1 = |
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karlovy Vary Region|Karlovy Vary]] |
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| subdivision_type2 = [[ |
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of the Czech Republic|District]] |
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| subdivision_name2 = [[ |
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sokolov District|Sokolov]] |
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| subdivision_type3 = [[Districts of the Czech Republic|District]] |
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| subdivision_name3 = [[Sokolov District|Sokolov]] |
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| subdivision_type4 = |
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| subdivision_name4 = |
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<!-- maps and coordinates --> |
<!-- maps and coordinates --> |
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| image_map = |
| image_map = |
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| map_caption = |
| map_caption = |
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| pushpin_map = |
| pushpin_map = Czech Republic |
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| pushpin_relief = |
| pushpin_relief = 1 |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Czech Republic |
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Czech Republic |
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| coordinates = {{coord|50|10|N|12| |
| coordinates = {{coord|50|10|53|N|12|38|25|E|display=inline,title}} |
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| coordinates_footnotes = |
| coordinates_footnotes = |
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<!-- government type, leaders --> |
<!-- government type, leaders --> |
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| leader_title = Mayor |
| leader_title = Mayor |
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| leader_name = |
| leader_name = Petr Kubis ([[ANO 2011|ANO]]) |
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<!-- established --> |
<!-- established --> |
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| established_title = First mentioned |
| established_title = First mentioned |
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<!-- area --> |
<!-- area --> |
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| area_footnotes = |
| area_footnotes = |
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| area_total_km2 = 22. |
| area_total_km2 = 22.92 |
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| area_total_sq_mi = |
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| area_land_sq_mi = |
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| area_water_sq_mi = |
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<!-- elevation --> |
<!-- elevation --> |
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| elevation_footnotes = |
| elevation_footnotes = |
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| elevation_m = 401 |
| elevation_m = 401 |
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| elevation_ft = |
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<!-- population --> |
<!-- population --> |
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| population_as_of = |
| population_as_of = 2024-01-01 |
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| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/population-of-municipalities-qexb0dqr2d|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2024-05-17}}</ref> |
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| population_footnotes = |
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| population_total = |
| population_total = 22155 |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| population_density_sq_mi= |
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| population_demonym = |
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<!-- time zone(s) --> |
<!-- time zone(s) --> |
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| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] |
| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] |
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| postal_code_type = Postal code |
| postal_code_type = Postal code |
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| postal_code = 356 01 |
| postal_code = 356 01 |
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| area_code_type = |
| area_code_type = |
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| area_code = |
| area_code = |
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| geocode = |
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| iso_code = |
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<!-- website, footnotes --> |
<!-- website, footnotes --> |
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| website = {{URL| |
| website = {{URL|https://www.sokolov.cz/}} |
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| footnotes = |
| footnotes = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Sokolov''' ({{IPA-cs|ˈsokolof}}, until 1948 '''Falknov nad Ohří'''; {{lang-de|Falkenau an der Eger}}) is a town in the [[Karlovy Vary Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It has about 22,000 inhabitants. |
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==Administrative parts== |
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'''Sokolov''' ({{IPA-cs|ˈsokolof}}), '''Falknov nad Ohří''' until 1948 ({{IPA-cs|ˈfalknof ˈnat ʔoɦr̝iː}}; {{lang-de|Falkenau an der Eger}}) is a town in the [[Karlovy Vary Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]], located to the northeast of [[Cheb]]. It has about 28,000 inhabitants. |
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The villages of Hrušková and Novina and the area of the former village of Vítkov are administrative parts of Sokolov. |
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== |
==Etymology== |
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The meaning of the original German name ''Falkenau'' was "[[falcon]]'s [[riparian forest]]", the original Czech name ''Falknov'' was created by transcription of the German name. According to legend, it was related to hobby of knight Sebastian, who is said to have been the founder of the town, of [[falconry]]. After World War II, when it was customary to change names of German origin, the town was renamed Sokolov. According to communist propaganda at the time, the name was not related to a falcon (i.e. ''sokol'' in Czech), but to the [[Battle of Sokolovo]] in which Czechoslovak soldiers had fought alongside Soviet soldiers on the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]] in World War II.<ref>{{cite web |title=Proč před 70 lety přejmenovali Falknov na Sokolov? Odpoví kniha|url=https://www.idnes.cz/karlovy-vary/zpravy/rozhovor-historik-jiri-kluc-historie-kniha-sokolov-ve-stinu-propagandy-falknov.A180319_390136_vary-zpravy_ba|publisher=iDNES|language=cs|date=2018-03-31|access-date=2022-07-18}}</ref> |
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{{Expand section|date=December 2012}} |
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Until 1918, the town was part of the [[Austrian monarchy]] (Austrian side after the [[compromise of 1867]]), head of the ''Falkenau a.d. Eger'' district, one of the 94 ''Bezirkshauptmannschaften'' in [[Bohemia]].<ref>Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm KLEIN, 1967</ref> |
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==Geography== |
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From 1938 to 1945 it was one of the [[municipalities in Sudetenland]]. During World War II, Falkenau was the site of a sub-camp of the [[Flossenbürg concentration camp|Flossenbürg Concentration Camp]]. The camp at Falkenau was captured by the [[1st Infantry Division (United States)|U.S. 1st Infantry Division]] on May 6, 1945. |
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Sokolov is located about {{convert|16|km|0}} southwest of [[Karlovy Vary]]. It lies mostly in the [[Sokolov Basin]]. The eastern part of the municipal territory extends into the [[Slavkov Forest]] and includes the highest point of Sokolov, the hill Zelený močál at {{convert|797|m|ft}} above sea level. The [[Ohře]] River flows through the town. |
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On the eastern outskirts of the town there is Lake Michal, an artificial lake created by flooding of former coal quarry. It has an area of {{cvt|30|ha}} and serves recreational purposes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Historie nádrže|url=https://www.michal-sokolov.cz/pro-vas/historie-nadrze|publisher=Lake Michal|language=cs|access-date=2022-07-19}}</ref> |
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==History== |
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[[File:Kostel sv.Jakuba, Sokolov.JPG|thumb|170px|Church of Saint James the Great in the historical centre]] |
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The first written mention of Sokolov is from 13 April 1279 under the name Falkenau / Falknov. The town was a property of noble families of Nothaft and later Schlick. The Schlick family built here a small castle, which was rebuilt in the 16th century.<ref name=history>{{cite web |title=Historie města Sokolov|url=https://www.sokolov.cz/mesto/historie-mesta-sokolov-63|publisher=Město Sokolov|language=cs|access-date=2021-06-03}}</ref> |
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After the [[Battle of White Mountain]] the [[Nostitz family]] gained Sokolov. During the [[Thirty Years' War]] the town and the castle was repeatedly burned out. The town and the castle was recovered in the 1760s by {{ill|Johann Hartwig of Nostitz-Rieneck|de|Johann Hartwig von Nostitz-Rieneck}}. In the 18th century, there was a great expansion of urban crafts and hop growing.<ref name=history/> |
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From 1867 to 1918, the town was part of [[Austria-Hungary]], head of the ''Falkenau an der Eger'' District, one of the 94 ''Bezirkshauptmannschaften'' in [[Bohemia]].<ref>Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm Klein, 1967</ref> In 1919, the town, being part of the continuous German [[Sprachraum]], was proclaimed part of the [[Republic of German-Austria]], but shortly afterwards became part of the [[First Czechoslovak Republic]]. |
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From 1938 to 1945, the town was occupied by [[Nazi Germany]] and administered as part of [[Reichsgau Sudetenland]]. During [[World War II]], in April 1941, the Stalag 359 [[German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II|prisoner-of-war camp]] was established in the town by the occupiers, however, it was relocated to [[Poniatowa]] in [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|German-occupied Poland]] in September 1941.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Megargee|first1=Geoffrey P.|last2=Overmans|first2=Rüdiger|last3=Vogt|first3=Wolfgang|year=2022|title=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV|publisher=Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|page=362|isbn=978-0-253-06089-1}}</ref> The town was also the site of a sub-camp of the [[Flossenbürg concentration camp]], which was liberated the [[1st Infantry Division (United States)|U.S. 1st Infantry Division]] on 6 May 1945. Nearly all of the town's population, being Germans, were [[Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia|expelled]] after 1945 in accordance with the [[Potsdam Agreement]]. |
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==Demographics== |
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{{historical populations |
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|align=none|cols=3 |
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|1869|4370 |
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|1880|5250 |
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|1890|6530 |
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|1900|8679 |
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|1910|10126 |
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|1921|11429 |
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|1930|12647 |
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|1950|9777 |
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|1961|15242 |
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|1970|18256 |
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|1980|24763 |
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|1991|25210 |
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|2001|25081 |
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|2011|23347 |
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|2021|21484 |
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|source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011 – Okres Sokolov|url=https://www.czso.cz/documents/10180/20537734/130084150413.pdf/bdd70adf-f8a1-4435-89a9-d61f473402ae?version=1.2|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|pages=9–10|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2021-03-27}}</ref>}} |
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==Economy== |
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The region is known for mining of [[lignite]]. The largest employer based in the town is Sokolovská uhelná, a major Czech mining company.<ref>{{cite web |title=Registr ekonomických subjektů|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/res/registr_ekonomickych_subjektu|work=Business Register|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|language=cs|access-date=2023-04-12}}</ref> |
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==Transport== |
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[[File:Sokolov, nádraží, z nástupiště.jpg|thumb|Train station]] |
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The [[D6 motorway (Czech Republic)|D6 motorway]] from Karlovy Vary to [[Cheb]] runs through the town. |
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Sokolov is located on the major railway lines [[Prague]]–Cheb and [[Plzeň]]–Karlovy Vary. The town is also the starting point of a railway line heading to [[Kraslice]] and [[Mehltheuer]] in Germany.<ref>{{cite web |title=Detail stanice Sokolov|url=https://www.cd.cz/stanice/sokolov/5476455|publisher=[[České dráhy]]|language=cs|access-date=2023-11-25}}</ref> |
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==Sport== |
==Sport== |
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The town is home to a football club, [[FK Baník Sokolov]]. It used to play in the second tier of the Czech football team, but today it plays in lower amateur tiers. |
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==Sights== |
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The town is home to a professional football club, [[FK Baník Sokolov]]. |
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[[File:Klášter kapucínů v Sokolově.JPG|thumb|Former Capuchin monastery]] |
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The Church of Saint James the Great is one of the landmarks of the town centre. It was first documented in the 13th century and rebuilt in the late Renaissance style in 1632–1637. In 1671–1681, it was modified in the early Baroque style. The church tower is built in the spirit of the [[Saxon Renaissance]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kostel sv. Jakuba|url=https://pamatkovykatalog.cz/kostel-sv-jakuba-20417771|publisher=National Heritage Institute|language=cs|access-date=2022-07-19}}</ref> |
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The Sokolov Castle was built on the site of a former water fortress in late Renaissance and early Baroque styles. In 1800–1805, the building was modified in the Neoclassical style. Since 1960, the castle has been the seat of the Regional Museum, focused mainly on the development of mining and the history of the region.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zámek Sokolov – Krajské muzeum v Sokolově na zámku rodu Nosticů|url=https://www.kudyznudy.cz/aktivity/zamek-sokolov|publisher=CzechTourism|language=cs|access-date=2022-07-19}}</ref> |
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== Notable persons == |
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*[[Štefan Füle]], diplomat |
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A cultural monument is the former [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|Capuchin]] monastery with the Church of Saint Anthony of Padua. It dates from the end of the 17th century. Today, the premises of the monastery are privately owned and the premises of the church serves as a concert and exhibition hall.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kapucínský klášter|url=https://pamatkovykatalog.cz/kapucinsky-klaster-15265818|publisher=National Heritage Institute|language=cs|access-date=2023-11-25}}</ref> |
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*[[Markéta Vondroušová]], tennis player |
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==Notable people== |
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{{Category see also|People from Sokolov}} |
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*[[Ernst Hammer]] (1884–1957), German military officer |
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*[[Václav Blažek]] (born 1959), historical linguist |
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*[[Štefan Füle]] (born 1962), diplomat |
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*[[Markéta Vondroušová]] (born 1999), tennis player |
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==Twin towns – sister cities== |
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{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic}} |
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Sokolov is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Partnerská města|url=https://www.sokolov.cz/mesto/partnerska-mesta-64|publisher=Město Sokolov|language=cs|access-date=2019-08-22}}</ref> |
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*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Saalfeld]], Germany |
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*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Schwandorf]], Germany |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{commons category|Sokolov}} |
{{commons category|Sokolov}} |
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*{{official|https://www.sokolov.cz/}} |
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*[http://www.kamposokolovsku.cz/ Regional Tourist Portal] {{in lang|cs}} |
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{{Sokolov District}} |
{{Sokolov District}} |
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{{authority control}} |
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[[Category:Populated places in Sokolov District]] |
[[Category:Populated places in Sokolov District]] |
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[[Category:Cities and towns in the Czech Republic]] |
[[Category:Cities and towns in the Czech Republic]] |
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[[Category:Mining communities in the Czech Republic]] |
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{{KarlovyVary-geo-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 17:51, 17 May 2024
Sokolov | |
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.JPG) Sokolov Castle | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Sokolov Location in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 50°10′53″N 12°38′25″E / 50.18139°N 12.64028°E | |
| Country |  Czech Republic |
| Region | Karlovy Vary |
| District | Sokolov |
| First mentioned | 1279 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Petr Kubis (ANO) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 22.92 km2 (8.85 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 401 m (1,316 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01)[1] | |
| • Total | 22,155 |
| • Density | 970/km2 (2,500/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 356 01 |
| Website | www |
Sokolov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈsokolof], until 1948 Falknov nad Ohří; German: Falkenau an der Eger) is a town in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 22,000 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
[edit]The villages of Hrušková and Novina and the area of the former village of Vítkov are administrative parts of Sokolov.
Etymology
[edit]The meaning of the original German name Falkenau was "falcon's riparian forest", the original Czech name Falknov was created by transcription of the German name. According to legend, it was related to hobby of knight Sebastian, who is said to have been the founder of the town, of falconry. After World War II, when it was customary to change names of German origin, the town was renamed Sokolov. According to communist propaganda at the time, the name was not related to a falcon (i.e. sokol in Czech), but to the Battle of Sokolovo in which Czechoslovak soldiers had fought alongside Soviet soldiers on the Eastern Front in World War II.[2]
Geography
[edit]Sokolov is located about 16 kilometres (10 mi) southwest of Karlovy Vary. It lies mostly in the Sokolov Basin. The eastern part of the municipal territory extends into the Slavkov Forest and includes the highest point of Sokolov, the hill Zelený močál at 797 metres (2,615 ft) above sea level. The Ohře River flows through the town.
On the eastern outskirts of the town there is Lake Michal, an artificial lake created by flooding of former coal quarry. It has an area of 30 ha (74 acres) and serves recreational purposes.[3]
History
[edit]
The first written mention of Sokolov is from 13 April 1279 under the name Falkenau / Falknov. The town was a property of noble families of Nothaft and later Schlick. The Schlick family built here a small castle, which was rebuilt in the 16th century.[4]
After the Battle of White Mountain the Nostitz family gained Sokolov. During the Thirty Years' War the town and the castle was repeatedly burned out. The town and the castle was recovered in the 1760s by Johann Hartwig of Nostitz-Rieneck. In the 18th century, there was a great expansion of urban crafts and hop growing.[4]
From 1867 to 1918, the town was part of Austria-Hungary, head of the Falkenau an der Eger District, one of the 94 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Bohemia.[5] In 1919, the town, being part of the continuous German Sprachraum, was proclaimed part of the Republic of German-Austria, but shortly afterwards became part of the First Czechoslovak Republic.
From 1938 to 1945, the town was occupied by Nazi Germany and administered as part of Reichsgau Sudetenland. During World War II, in April 1941, the Stalag 359 prisoner-of-war camp was established in the town by the occupiers, however, it was relocated to Poniatowa in German-occupied Poland in September 1941.[6] The town was also the site of a sub-camp of the Flossenbürg concentration camp, which was liberated the U.S. 1st Infantry Division on 6 May 1945. Nearly all of the town's population, being Germans, were expelled after 1945 in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement.
Demographics
[edit]
|
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| Source: Censuses[7][8] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Economy
[edit]The region is known for mining of lignite. The largest employer based in the town is Sokolovská uhelná, a major Czech mining company.[9]
Transport
[edit]
The D6 motorway from Karlovy Vary to Cheb runs through the town.
Sokolov is located on the major railway lines Prague–Cheb and Plzeň–Karlovy Vary. The town is also the starting point of a railway line heading to Kraslice and Mehltheuer in Germany.[10]
Sport
[edit]The town is home to a football club, FK Baník Sokolov. It used to play in the second tier of the Czech football team, but today it plays in lower amateur tiers.
Sights
[edit]
The Church of Saint James the Great is one of the landmarks of the town centre. It was first documented in the 13th century and rebuilt in the late Renaissance style in 1632–1637. In 1671–1681, it was modified in the early Baroque style. The church tower is built in the spirit of the Saxon Renaissance.[11]
The Sokolov Castle was built on the site of a former water fortress in late Renaissance and early Baroque styles. In 1800–1805, the building was modified in the Neoclassical style. Since 1960, the castle has been the seat of the Regional Museum, focused mainly on the development of mining and the history of the region.[12]
A cultural monument is the former Capuchin monastery with the Church of Saint Anthony of Padua. It dates from the end of the 17th century. Today, the premises of the monastery are privately owned and the premises of the church serves as a concert and exhibition hall.[13]
Notable people
[edit]- Ernst Hammer (1884–1957), German military officer
- Václav Blažek (born 1959), historical linguist
- Štefan Füle (born 1962), diplomat
- Markéta Vondroušová (born 1999), tennis player
Twin towns – sister cities
[edit]
Saalfeld, Germany- Schwandorf, Germany
References
[edit]- ^ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024". Czech Statistical Office. 2024-05-17.
- ^ "Proč před 70 lety přejmenovali Falknov na Sokolov? Odpoví kniha" (in Czech). iDNES. 2018-03-31. Retrieved 2022-07-18.
- ^ "Historie nádrže" (in Czech). Lake Michal. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
- ^ a b "Historie města Sokolov" (in Czech). Město Sokolov. Retrieved 2021-06-03.
- ^ Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm Klein, 1967
- ^ Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 362. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
- ^ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011 – Okres Sokolov" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 2015-12-21. pp. 9–10.
- ^ "Population Census 2021: Population by sex". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. 2021-03-27.
- ^ "Registr ekonomických subjektů". Business Register (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
- ^ "Detail stanice Sokolov" (in Czech). České dráhy. Retrieved 2023-11-25.
- ^ "Kostel sv. Jakuba" (in Czech). National Heritage Institute. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
- ^ "Zámek Sokolov – Krajské muzeum v Sokolově na zámku rodu Nosticů" (in Czech). CzechTourism. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
- ^ "Kapucínský klášter" (in Czech). National Heritage Institute. Retrieved 2023-11-25.
- ^ "Partnerská města" (in Czech). Město Sokolov. Retrieved 2019-08-22.
External links
[edit]
- Official website
- Regional Tourist Portal (in Czech)
| International | |
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| National | |
