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{{distinguish|Keratsa Petritsa}}
'''Keratsa''' of Bulgaria was the daughter of Tsar [[Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria]] and his second wife, a converted Jewess, Theodora. She was born in 1348.
{{More citations needed|date=December 2023}}


{{Infobox royalty
On [[17 August]], [[1355]] Keratsa was betrothed to the future Emperor [[Andronikos IV Palaiologos]]. The marital document issued by the Patriarchate stated that "it would be beneficial to the Christians: Byzantines and Bulgarians, and pernicious to the infidels (the Turks)".
| consort = yes
| name = Keratsa-Maria
| image = Keratsa of Bulgaria.png
| image_size =
| caption = Manuscript miniature of Keratsa (''[[Tetraevangelia of Ivan Alexander]]'').
| succession = [[List of Byzantine Empresses|Byzantine Empress consort]]
| reign = 1362 – 1 July 1379
| reign1 = May 1381 – June 1385
| coronation =
| spouse = [[Andronikos IV Palaiologos]]
| spouse-type = Spouse
| issue = [[John VII Palaiologos]]
| house = [[Shishman dynasty|House of Shishman]]<br />[[Palaeologus dynasty|House of Palaiologus]]
| father = [[Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria|Ivan Alexander]]
| mother = [[Sarah-Theodora]]
| birth_date = 1348
| birth_place = [[Bulgaria]]
| death_date = 1390
| death_place =[[Byzantine Empire]]
}}
'''Keratsa-Maria of Bulgaria''' ({{lang-bg|Кераца-Мария}}; 1348–1390) was a [[princess]] of [[Second Bulgarian Empire|Bulgaria]] and [[List of Roman and Byzantine empresses|Empress-consort]] of [[Andronikos IV Palaiologos]].<ref>Vassil Gjuzelev: Der letzte bulgarisch-byzantinische Krieg. In: Werner Seibt (Hg.): Geschichte und Kultur der Palaiologenzeit. Referate des Internationalen Symposions zu Ehren von Herbert Hunger. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 1996, S. 29–34</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Georgieva |first=Sashka |date=2014 |title=Marital unions as a tool of diplomacy between Bulgaria and Byzantium from 1280 to 1396 |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=513318 |journal=Bulgaria Mediaevalis |language=English |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=453–478 |issn=1314-2941}}</ref>


==Life==
Keratsa married Emperor [[Andronikos IV Palaiologos]] of Byzantine (1376 - 1379) and became Empress of the [[Byzantine Empire]]. The marriage produced three children, one son and two daughters. Their son became Emperor [[John VII Palaiologos]] of Byzantium. John VII Palaiologos was Byzantine Emperor for five months in 1390.
In 1340, she was born to [[Tsar]] [[Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria]] and his second wife, [[Sarah-Theodora]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nikolov |first=Georgi |date=1997 |title=Historical Notes About a Bulgarian Princess in Constantinople in the 14th Century |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=174881 |journal=&#201;tudes balkaniques |language=English |issue=1+2 |pages=183–199 |issn=0324-1645}}</ref> On 17 August 1355, Keratsa was betrothed to the junior emperor [[Andronikos IV Palaiologos|Andronikos Palaiologos]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Citation |last=Yordanova |first=Lilyana |title=The story behind the image: The literary patronage of Tsar Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria between ostentation and decline |date=2019 |work=Late Byzantium Reconsidered |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781351244831-12/story-behind-image-lilyana-yordanova |access-date=2024-05-18 |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.4324/9781351244831-12/story-behind-image-lilyana-yordanova |isbn=978-1-351-24483-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Origone |first=Sandra |date=June 1995 |title=Marriage connections between Byzantium and the West in the age of the palaiologoi |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09518969508569695 |journal=Mediterranean Historical Review |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1-2 |pages=226–241 |doi=10.1080/09518969508569695 |issn=0951-8967}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Georgieva |first=Sashka |date=2021 |title=The Last Medieval Tsaritsas of Tarnovo |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1194804 |journal=Bulgaria Mediaevalis |language=English |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=237–250 |issn=1314-2941}}</ref> The marital document issued by the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople|Patriarchate]] stated that "it would be beneficial to the Christians: Byzantines and Bulgarians, and pernicious to the [the Turks]."{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}}


In 1373, while still co-emperor with his father, [[John V Palaiologos]], Andronikos tried to usurp the throne when the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman sultan]] [[Murad II]] forced John V to become a vassal. As a result, Keratsa (along with Andronikos and their [[John VII Palaiologos|son]]) were imprisoned for three years, until they were liberated by the [[Republic of Genoa|Genoese]]. On 12 August 1376, Andronikos IV [[Byzantine civil war of 1373–1379|deposed his father]] and replaced him as Emperor, with Keratsa as his Empress-consort. The new imperial couple remained in control of [[Constantinople]] until 1 July 1379, when John V was restored to his throne. Andronikos IV was reappointed to co-emperor in May 1381 and was given [[Selymbria]] to govern, but hostile tensions between John V and Andronikos IV lasted until the death of the latter in 1385.
⚫
She spend the later part of her live as a nun under the name Mathissa. She died in 1390.


⚫
Keratsa spent the later part of her life as a nun under the name Mathissa. She died in 1390.
⚫
{{euro-royal-stub}}


==Children==
Keratsa and [[Andronikos IV Palaiologos]] had three children, a son and two daughters.{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}} Their son became emperor [[John VII Palaiologos]], reigning for five months in 1390 and again from 1403 – 1408 in [[Thessaloniki|Thessalonica]].

==References==
<references/>

{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[Shishman dynasty|Shishman]]||1348||1390}}
{{S-roy}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Helena Kantakouzene]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[List of Byzantine Empresses|Byzantine Empress consort]]|years=1376–1379}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Helena Kantakouzene]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Roman empresses|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Keratsa Of Bulgaria}}
[[Category:1348 births]]
[[Category:1348 births]]
[[Category:1390 deaths]]
[[Category:1390 deaths]]
[[Category:Bulgarian monarchy]]
[[Category:Bulgarian people of Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Bulgarian princesses]]
[[Category:Bulgarian princesses]]
[[Category:Palaeologus dynasty]]
[[Category:Sratsimir dynasty]]
[[Category:Byzantine empresses]]
[[Category:Palaiologos dynasty]]
[[Category:Medieval women]]
[[Category:14th-century Byzantine empresses]]
[[Category:History of Bulgaria]]
[[Category:14th-century Byzantine people]]
[[Category:14th-century Bulgarian women]]
[[Category:14th-century Bulgarian people]]
[[Category:Daughters of emperors]]
[[Category:Mothers of Byzantine emperors]]



⚫
{{Europe-royal-stub}}
[[bg:Кераца Българска]]

Latest revision as of 13:46, 18 May 2024

Not to be confused with Keratsa Petritsa.
Keratsa-Maria
Manuscript miniature of Keratsa (Tetraevangelia of Ivan Alexander).
Byzantine Empress consort
Tenure1362 – 1 July 1379
TenureMay 1381 – June 1385
Born1348
Bulgaria
Died1390
Byzantine Empire
SpouseAndronikos IV Palaiologos
IssueJohn VII Palaiologos
HouseHouse of Shishman
House of Palaiologus
FatherIvan Alexander
MotherSarah-Theodora

Keratsa-Maria of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Кераца-Мария; 1348–1390) was a princess of Bulgaria and Empress-consort of Andronikos IV Palaiologos.[1][2]

Leben

[edit]

In 1340, she was born to Tsar Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria and his second wife, Sarah-Theodora.[3] On 17 August 1355, Keratsa was betrothed to the junior emperor Andronikos Palaiologos.[2][4][5][6] The marital document issued by the Patriarchate stated that "it would be beneficial to the Christians: Byzantines and Bulgarians, and pernicious to the [the Turks]."[citation needed]

In 1373, while still co-emperor with his father, John V Palaiologos, Andronikos tried to usurp the throne when the Ottoman sultan Murad II forced John V to become a vassal. As a result, Keratsa (along with Andronikos and their son) were imprisoned for three years, until they were liberated by the Genoese. On 12 August 1376, Andronikos IV deposed his father and replaced him as Emperor, with Keratsa as his Empress-consort. The new imperial couple remained in control of Constantinople until 1 July 1379, when John V was restored to his throne. Andronikos IV was reappointed to co-emperor in May 1381 and was given Selymbria to govern, but hostile tensions between John V and Andronikos IV lasted until the death of the latter in 1385.

Keratsa spent the later part of her life as a nun under the name Mathissa. She died in 1390.

Children

[edit]

Keratsa and Andronikos IV Palaiologos had three children, a son and two daughters.[citation needed] Their son became emperor John VII Palaiologos, reigning for five months in 1390 and again from 1403 – 1408 in Thessalonica.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Vassil Gjuzelev: Der letzte bulgarisch-byzantinische Krieg. In: Werner Seibt (Hg.): Geschichte und Kultur der Palaiologenzeit. Referate des Internationalen Symposions zu Ehren von Herbert Hunger. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 1996, S. 29–34
  2. ^ a b Georgieva, Sashka (2014). "Marital unions as a tool of diplomacy between Bulgaria and Byzantium from 1280 to 1396". Bulgaria Mediaevalis. 5 (1): 453–478. ISSN 1314-2941.
  3. ^ Nikolov, Georgi (1997). "Historical Notes About a Bulgarian Princess in Constantinople in the 14th Century". Études balkaniques (1+2): 183–199. ISSN 0324-1645.
  4. ^ Yordanova, Lilyana (2019), "The story behind the image: The literary patronage of Tsar Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria between ostentation and decline", Late Byzantium Reconsidered, Routledge, doi:10.4324/9781351244831-12/story-behind-image-lilyana-yordanova, ISBN 978-1-351-24483-1, retrieved 2024-05-18
  5. ^ Origone, Sandra (June 1995). "Marriage connections between Byzantium and the West in the age of the palaiologoi". Mediterranean Historical Review. 10 (1–2): 226–241. doi:10.1080/09518969508569695. ISSN 0951-8967.
  6. ^ Georgieva, Sashka (2021). "The Last Medieval Tsaritsas of Tarnovo". Bulgaria Mediaevalis. 12 (1): 237–250. ISSN 1314-2941.
Keratsa of Bulgaria
Born: 1348 Died: 1390
Royal titles
Preceded by Byzantine Empress consort
1376–1379 		Succeeded by


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