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Coordinates: 41°46′N 84°10′E / 41.767°N 84.167°E / 41.767; 84.167
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{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
|name = {{raise|0.2em|Luntai County}}
|name = Luntai County
|native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|轮台县}}}}<br/>{{lang|ug|بۈگۈر ناھىيىسى}}}}
|native_name = {{native name|zh-hans|轮台县}}<br/>{{native name|ug-Arab|بۈگۈر ناھىيىسى}}<br/>{{native name|mn|ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠱᠢᠨᠢ}}
|other_name = Bugur County
|seat_type = City seat
|settlement_type = [[Counties of China|County]]
|settlement_type = [[Counties of China|County]]
|image_skyline =
|image_skyline =
|image_map = Location of Luntai within Xinjiang (China).png
|image_map = Location of Luntai within Xinjiang (China).png
|map_caption = Location of Luntai County (red) within Bayingolin Prefecture (yellow) and Xinjiang
|map_caption = Location of Luntai County (red) within Bayingolin Prefecture (yellow) and Xinjiang
|pushpin_map = China Xinjiang
|pushpin_map = China Xinjiang Bayingolin#Xinjiang#China
|pushpin_label = Luntai
|pushpin_label = Luntai
|pushpin_map_caption = Location of the seat in Xinjiang
|pushpin_map_caption = Location of the seat in Xinjiang
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = [[China|People's Republic of China]]
|subdivision_name = [[China]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous regions of China|Autonomous region]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous regions of China|Autonomous region]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Xinjiang]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Xinjiang]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Autonomous prefecture]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Autonomous prefecture]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Bayingolin]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture|Bayingolin]]
|seat_type = County seat
|area_total_km2 =
|seat = [[Luntai Town]] (Bügür)
|population =
|area_total_km2 = 14,181.7
|population_as_of =
|population_total = 137,327
|population_as_of = 2020
| population_footnotes = <ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/xinjiang/admin/ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties]</ref>
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_density_urban_km2 = auto
|population_density_urban_km2 = auto
|coordinates = {{coord|41|46|N|84|10|E|source:trwiki_region:CN-65_type:adm3rd|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates = {{coord|41|46|N|84|10|E|source:trwiki_region:CN-65_type:adm3rd|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m =
|elevation_m =
|timezone = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
|timezone = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]{{efn|Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe [[UTC+6]] ([[Xinjiang Time]]), 2 hours behind Beijing.}}
|utc_offset = +8
|utc_offset = +8
|website =
|website = {{URL|http://www.xjlt.gov.cn/}}
}}
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
{{Infobox Chinese
Line 34: Line 37:
|t2=布古爾縣
|t2=布古爾縣
|p2=Bùgǔ'ěr Xiàn
|p2=Bùgǔ'ěr Xiàn
|mong=ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠱᠢᠨᠢ
|mong={{MongolUnicode|ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠱᠢᠨᠢ|style=max-height:1.5em; word-wrap:normal}}
|uig=بۈگۈر ناھىيىسى
|uig=بۈگۈر ناھىيىسى
|uly=Bügür Nahiyisi
|uly=Bügür Nahiyisi
Line 42: Line 45:
|order=st
|order=st
}}
}}
'''Bügür County'''<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJsrDwAAQBAJ|script-title=zh:建筑抗震设计规范|trans-title=GB50011-2010: Code for Seismic Design of Buildings |language=en,zh-hans|author=Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development|author-link=Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development|date=2010|publisher=China Architecture & Building Press|location=[[Beijing]]|via=[[Google Books]]|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJsrDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA203&lpg=PA203 203]|quote=Bugur County}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.china.com/zh_cn/news/china/11020307/20080805/15010313.html|title=Sandstorm strands 4,000 train passengers in Xinjiang|website=[[:zh:中华网|中华网]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203090002/http://english.china.com/zh_cn/news/china/11020307/20080805/15010313.html|archive-date=3 December 2020|url-status=live|quote=Bugur County ... Xinhua Photo|date=2008-08-05|access-date=3 December 2020|via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><ref name="xie">{{cite book|script-title=zh:地名中的新疆|language=zh-hans|date=2003|isbn=7-228-08004-1|author=Xie Yuzhong 解玉忠|location=[[Ürümqi]]|publisher=[[:zh:新疆人民出版社|新疆人民出版社]]|pages=138–141|quote=轮台 Luntai(Bügür)}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|script-title=zh:西域地名考录|language=zh-hans|date=July 2008|isbn=978-7-5013-3628-9|editor=Zhong Xingqi {{lang|zh-hans|钟兴麒}}|location=[[Beijing]]|publisher=[[:zh:国家图书馆出版社|国家图书馆出版社]]|quote='''轮台''' lún tái Bügür {...} 轮台县 (Bugur)|pages=604–605}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/reporters-relatives-03012018164751.html|title=Rights Groups Condemn China's Detention of RFA Reporters' Relatives|date=2018-03-01|access-date=17 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117071454/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/reporters-relatives-03012018164751.html|archive-date=17 November 2020|url-status=live|website=[[Radio Free Asia]]|quote=RFA Uyghur broadcaster Kurban Niyaz’s youngest brother, Hasanjan Niyaz, was arrested in May 2017 in Bugur county, and in July sentenced to six years in jail on charges of “holding ethnic hatred.”}}</ref> ([[SASM/GNC romanization|transliterated from Mongolian]]), also known from [[Mandarin Chinese]] as '''Luntai County''',<ref name="xie"/> is a county in central [[Xinjiang|Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region]] and is under the administration of the [[Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture|Bayin'gholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture]]. It contains an area of {{convert|14189|km2|abbr=on}}. According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 90,000.
'''Luntai County''',<ref name="xie">{{cite book|script-title=zh:地名中的新疆|language=zh-hans|date=2003|isbn=7-228-08004-1|author=Xie Yuzhong 解玉忠|location=[[Ürümqi]]|publisher=[[:zh:新疆人民出版社|新疆人民出版社]]|pages=138–141|quote=轮台 Luntai(Bügür)}}</ref> also known as '''Bugur County'''<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJsrDwAAQBAJ|script-title=zh:建筑抗震设计规范|trans-title=GB50011-2010: Code for Seismic Design of Buildings |language=en,zh-hans|author=Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development|author-link=Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development|date=2010|publisher=China Architecture & Building Press|location=[[Beijing]]|via=[[Google Books]]|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJsrDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA203&lpg=PA203 203]|quote=Bugur County}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.china.com/zh_cn/news/china/11020307/20080805/15010313.html|title=Sandstorm strands 4,000 train passengers in Xinjiang|website=[[:zh:中华网|中华网]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203090002/http://english.china.com/zh_cn/news/china/11020307/20080805/15010313.html|archive-date=3 December 2020|url-status=live|quote=Bugur County ... Xinhua Photo|date=2008-08-05|access-date=3 December 2020|via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/reporters-relatives-03012018164751.html|title=Rights Groups Condemn China's Detention of RFA Reporters' Relatives|date=2018-03-01|access-date=17 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117071454/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/reporters-relatives-03012018164751.html|archive-date=17 November 2020|url-status=live|website=[[Radio Free Asia]]|quote=RFA Uyghur broadcaster Kurban Niyaz’s youngest brother, Hasanjan Niyaz, was arrested in May 2017 in Bugur county, and in July sentenced to six years in jail on charges of “holding ethnic hatred.”}}</ref> or '''Bügür County'''<ref name="xie" /><ref>{{cite book|script-title=zh:西域地名考录|language=zh-hans|date=July 2008|isbn=978-7-5013-3628-9|editor=Zhong Xingqi {{lang|zh-hans|钟兴麒}}|location=[[Beijing]]|publisher=[[:zh:国家图书馆出版社|国家图书馆出版社]]|quote='''轮台''' lún tái Bügür {...} 轮台县 (Bugur)|pages=604–605}}</ref> ([[SASM/GNC romanization|transliterated from Mongolian]]), is a county in central [[Xinjiang|Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region]] under the administration of the [[Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture|Bayin'gholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture]]. It contains an area of {{convert|14189|km2|abbr=on}}. According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 90,000.
[[File:NK-45-04 Yeh-Yun-Kou China.jpg|left|thumb|Map including northern part of the county ([[US Army Topographic Command|ATC]], 1972)]]
[[File:NK-45-04 Yeh-Yun-Kou China.jpg|left|thumb|Map including northern part of the county ([[US Army Topographic Command|ATC]], 1972)]]


Luntai has a long history associated with China. When the city refused aid to [[Li Guangli]]'s [[Fergana]] campaign (c. 101 BC), the inhabitants were slaughtered. Around 80 BC, a Han military colony was established on the site.<ref>{{cite book | chapter = Introduction | first = Michael | last = Loewe | author-link = Michael Loewe | pages = 1–70 | title = China in Central Asia: The Early Stage: 125 BC – AD 23 | editor-first = Anthony François Paulus | editor-last = Hulsewé | publisher = Brill | year = 1979 | isbn = 978-90-04-05884-2 }} Pages 43, 46.</ref>
Luntai has a long history associated with China. When the city refused aid to [[Li Guangli]]'s [[Fergana]] campaign (c. 101 BC), the inhabitants were slaughtered. Around 80 BC, a military colony of the [[Han dynasty]] was established on the site.<ref>{{cite book | chapter = Introduction | first = Michael | last = Loewe | author-link = Michael Loewe | pages = 1–70 | title = China in Central Asia: The Early Stage: 125 BC – AD 23 | editor-first = Anthony François Paulus | editor-last = Hulsewé | publisher = Brill | year = 1979 | isbn = 978-90-04-05884-2 }} Pages 43, 46.</ref> In 60 BC, the Han dynasty established the [[Protectorate of the Western Regions]], with the Protector General stationed in Wulei<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YZo3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA176 | isbn=978-90-04-09269-3 | title=Thought and Law in Qin and Han China: Studies Dedicated to Anthony Hulsewâe on the Occasion of His Eightieth Birthday | date=1990 | publisher=Brill Archive }}</ref> in present Luntai County.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kd9mEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA14 | isbn=978-981-16-9073-0 | title=The General Theory of Dunhuang Studies | date=25 March 2022 | publisher=Springer }}</ref>


{{asof|1885}}, there was about 25,100 acres (165,700 ''[[Mu (unit)|mu]]'') of cultivated land in Bugur.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2051832|title=Cultivation Development and Expansion in China's Colonial Realm in Central Asia|author=Herold J. Wiens|journal={{w|The Journal of Asian Studies}}|volume=26|issue=1|date=November 1966|page=75|jstor=2051832|via=[[JSTOR]]}}</ref>
{{asof|1885}}, there was about 25,100 acres (165,700 ''[[Mu (unit)|mu]]'') of cultivated land in Bugur.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Cultivation Development and Expansion in China's Colonial Realm in Central Asia|author=Herold J. Wiens|journal={{w|The Journal of Asian Studies}}|volume=26|issue=1|date=November 1966|page=75|doi=10.2307/2051832 |jstor=2051832|s2cid=162339064 |doi-access=free}}</ref>


== References ==
==Demographics==
{{bar box
|title= The proportion of nationalities in Luntai (Bügür) County
|left1=Nationality
|right1=Percentage
|float=
|caption=Source of the population statistics :<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-10|title=|script-title=zh:3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数|trans-title=3-7 Population by Nationality by Prefecture, State, City and County (City)|url=http://tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn/tjj/rkjyu/202006/3b1eef1049114b0c9cf9e81bf18433ef.shtml|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101062133/http://tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn/tjj/rkjyu/202006/3b1eef1049114b0c9cf9e81bf18433ef.shtml|archive-date=2020-11-01|access-date=2021-06-11|website=tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn|publisher=Statistical Bureau of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region|language=zh}}</ref>
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Uyghur people|Uyghurs]]|blue|82.5}}
{{bar percent|[[Han Chinese|Han]]|red|17.0}}
{{bar percent|[[Hui people|Hui]]|gold|0.3}}
{{bar percent|Others|grey|0.2}}}}

== Administrative divisions ==
Luntai County includes 4 [[Towns of China|towns]] and 7 [[Townships of China|townships]].

{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="width:50%; border="1"
|-
! Name
! Simplified Chinese
! Hanyu Pinyin
! [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] ([[Uyghur Arabic script|UEY]])
! Uyghur Latin ([[Uyghur Latin alphabet|ULY]])
! [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]] ([[Mongolian script|traditional]])
! Mongolian ([[Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic]])
! [[Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China|Administrative division code]]
|-
| colspan="9" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"|'''Towns'''
|----------
| [[Luntai Town]]
| {{lang|zh-hans|轮台镇}}
| {{transl|zh|Lúntái Zhèn}}
| {{lang|ug|بۈگۈر بازىرى}}
| {{transl|ug|bügür baziri}}
| <!-- {{MongolUnicode|}} -->
| <!-- {{lang|mn|}} -->
| 652822100
|-
| [[Lunnan, Luntai County|Lunnan Town]]
| {{lang|zh-hans|轮南镇}}
| {{transl|zh|Lúnnán Zhèn}}
| {{lang|ug|جەنۇبىي بۈگۈر بازىرى}}
| {{transl|ug|jenubiy bügür baziri}}
| <!-- {{MongolUnicode|}} -->
| <!-- {{lang|mn|}} -->
| 652822101
|-
| [[Qumpak, Luntai County|Qumpak Town]]
| {{lang|zh-hans|群巴克镇}}
| {{transl|zh|Qúnbākè Zhèn}}
| {{lang|ug|چۇمپاق بازىرى}}
| {{transl|ug|chumpaq baziri}}
| <!-- {{MongolUnicode|}} -->
| <!-- {{lang|mn|}} -->
| 652822102
|-
| [[Yengisar Town, Luntai County|Yengisar Town]]
| {{lang|zh-hans|阳霞镇}}
| {{transl|zh|Yángxiá Zhèn}}
| {{lang|ug|يېڭىسار بازىرى}}
| {{transl|ug|yëngisar baziri}}
| <!-- {{MongolUnicode|}} -->
| <!-- {{lang|mn|}} -->
| 652822103
|-
| colspan="9" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"|'''Townships'''
|----------
| [[Karabag Township]]
| {{lang|zh-hans|哈尔巴克乡}}
| {{transl|zh|Hā'ěrbākè Xiāng}}
| {{lang|ug|قارىباغ يېزىسى}}
| {{transl|ug|qaribagh yëzisi}}
| <!-- {{MongolUnicode|}} -->
| <!-- {{lang|mn|}} -->
| 652822201
|-
| [[Yeyungou Township]]<br>(Eshme Township)
| {{lang|zh-hans|野云沟乡}}
| {{transl|zh|Yěyúngōu Xiāng}}
| {{lang|ug|ئەشمە يېزىسى}}
| {{transl|ug|Eshme yëzisi}}
| <!-- {{MongolUnicode|}} -->
| <!-- {{lang|mn|}} -->
| 652822202
|-
| [[Aksaray Township]]
| {{lang|zh-hans|阿克萨来乡}}
| {{transl|zh|Ākèsàlái Xiāng}}
| {{lang|ug|ئاقساراي يېزىسى}}
| {{transl|ug|Aqsaray yëzisi}}
| <!-- {{MongolUnicode|}} -->
| <!-- {{lang|mn|}} -->
| 652822203
|-
| [[Tarlak Township]]
| {{lang|zh-hans|塔尔拉克乡}}
| {{transl|zh|Tǎ'ěrlākè Xiāng}}
| {{lang|ug|تارلاق يېزىسى}}
| {{transl|ug|tarlaq yëzisi}}
| <!-- {{MongolUnicode|}} -->
| <!-- {{lang|mn|}} -->
| 652822204
|-
| [[Caohu Township]]
| {{lang|zh-hans|草湖乡}}
| {{transl|zh|Cǎohú Xiāng}}
| {{lang|ug|سوخۇ يېزىسى}}
| {{transl|ug|soxu yëzisi}}
| <!-- {{MongolUnicode|}} -->
| <!-- {{lang|mn|}} -->
| 652822205
|-
| [[Terakbazar Township]]
| {{lang|zh-hans|铁热克巴扎乡}}
| {{transl|zh|Tiěrèkèbāzhā Xiāng}}
| {{lang|ug|تېرەكبازار يېزىسى}}
| {{transl|ug|tërekbazar yëzisi}}
| <!-- {{MongolUnicode|}} -->
| <!-- {{lang|mn|}} -->
| 652822206
|-
| [[Qedir Township]]
| {{lang|zh-hans|策达雅乡}}
| {{transl|zh|Cèdáyǎ Xiāng}}
| {{lang|ug|چېدىر يېزىسى}}
| {{transl|ug|chëdir yëzisi}}
| <!-- {{MongolUnicode|}} -->
| <!-- {{lang|mn|}} -->
| 652822207
|-
|}

==Climate==

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Luntai, elevation {{convert|982|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals)
|Jan high C = -1.5
|Feb high C = 5.9
|Mar high C = 15.0
|Apr high C = 23.4
|May high C = 28.4
|Jun high C = 32.1
|Jul high C = 33.8
|Aug high C = 32.7
|Sep high C = 27.9
|Oct high C = 20.1
|Nov high C = 9.8
|Dec high C = 0.2
|Jan mean C = -7.8
|Feb mean C = -1.0
|Mar mean C = 7.9
|Apr mean C = 16.1
|May mean C = 21.2
|Jun mean C = 25.0
|Jul mean C = 26.5
|Aug mean C = 25.4
|Sep mean C = 20.4
|Oct mean C = 11.9
|Nov mean C = 2.7
|Dec mean C = -5.4
|Jan low C = -12.7
|Feb low C = -6.8
|Mar low C = 1.5
|Apr low C = 9.2
|May low C = 14.4
|Jun low C = 18.3
|Jul low C = 19.9
|Aug low C = 18.8
|Sep low C = 13.7
|Oct low C = 5.5
|Nov low C = -2.6
|Dec low C = -9.6
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 1.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 1.9
|Mar precipitation mm = 1.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 4.0
|May precipitation mm = 7.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 15.3
|Jul precipitation mm = 12.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 11.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 4.9
|Oct precipitation mm = 2.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 3.8
|Dec precipitation mm = 1.7
|Jan humidity = 69
|Feb humidity = 57
|Mar humidity = 39
|Apr humidity = 31
|May humidity = 32
|Jun humidity = 37
|Jul humidity = 40
|Aug humidity = 41
|Sep humidity = 44
|Oct humidity = 50
|Nov humidity = 59
|Dec humidity = 71
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 2.0
|Feb precipitation days = 1.2
|Mar precipitation days = 0.9
|Apr precipitation days = 1.6
|May precipitation days = 3.0
|Jun precipitation days = 5.2
|Jul precipitation days = 6.2
|Aug precipitation days = 5.0
|Sep precipitation days = 2.7
|Oct precipitation days = 1.2
|Nov precipitation days = 1.0
|Dec precipitation days = 1.8
|year precipitation days =
|Jan sun = 155.1
|Feb sun = 174.2
|Mar sun = 197.7
|Apr sun = 221.8
|May sun = 255.6
|Jun sun = 254.4
|Jul sun = 271.7
|Aug sun = 261.2
|Sep sun = 246.6
|Oct sun = 236.5
|Nov sun = 185.6
|Dec sun = 141.6
|year sun =
| Jan percentsun = 52
| Feb percentsun = 57
| Mar percentsun = 53
| Apr percentsun = 55
| May percentsun = 56
| Jun percentsun = 56
| Jul percentsun = 60
| Aug percentsun = 62
| Sep percentsun = 67
| Oct percentsun = 70
| Nov percentsun = 64
| Dec percentsun = 50
| year percentsun =
|Jan snow days = 5.4
|Feb snow days = 2.0
|Mar snow days = 0.3
|Apr snow days = 0.1
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0.1
|Nov snow days = 1.2
|Dec snow days = 4.8
|year snow days =
|source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=10 October 2023}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =10 October 2023 |title=Experience Template }}</ref>
}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
'''Further Readings'''
==Further reading==
* Yap, Joseph P, (2019). The Western Regions, Xiongnu and Han, from the Shiji, Hanshu and Hou Hanshu. {{ISBN|978-1792829154}}
* Yap, Joseph P, (2019). The Western Regions, Xiongnu and Han, from the Shiji, Hanshu and Hou Hanshu. {{ISBN|978-1792829154}}


{{Xinjiang Administrative Divisions}}
{{Xinjiang Administrative Divisions}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


Revision as of 15:01, 18 May 2024

Luntai County
轮台县 (Chinese)
بۈگۈر ناھىيىسى (Uyghur)
ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠱᠢᠨᠢ (Mongolian)
Bugur County
County
Location of Luntai County (red) within Bayingolin Prefecture (yellow) and Xinjiang
Location of Luntai County (red) within Bayingolin Prefecture (yellow) and Xinjiang
Luntai is located in Bayingolin
Luntai
Luntai
Location of the seat in Xinjiang
Luntai is located in Xinjiang
Luntai
Luntai
Luntai (Xinjiang)
Luntai is located in China
Luntai
Luntai
Luntai (China)
Coordinates: 41°46′N 84°10′E / 41.767°N 84.167°E / 41.767; 84.167
LandChina
Autonomous regionXinjiang
Autonomous prefectureBayingolin
County seatLuntai Town (Bügür)
Area
 • Total14,181.7 km2 (5,475.6 sq mi)
Population
 (2020)[1]
 • Total137,327
 • Density9.7/km2 (25/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard[a])
Websitewww.xjlt.gov.cn
Luntai County
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese轮台县
Traditional Chinese輪台縣
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinLúntái Xiàn
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese布古尔县
Traditional Chinese布古爾縣
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinBùgǔ'ěr Xiàn
Mongolian name
Mongolian scriptᠪᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠱᠢᠨᠢ
Uyghur name
Uyghurبۈگۈر ناھىيىسى‎
Transcriptions
Latin YëziqiBügür Nahiyisi
Yengi YeziⱪBügür Nah̡iyisi
SASM/GNCBügür Nahiyisi
Siril YëziqiБүгүр наһийиси

Luntai County,[2] also known as Bugur County[3][4][5] or Bügür County[2][6] (transliterated from Mongolian), is a county in central Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region under the administration of the Bayin'gholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. It contains an area of 14,189 km2 (5,478 sq mi). According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 90,000.

Map including northern part of the county (ATC, 1972)

Luntai has a long history associated with China. When the city refused aid to Li Guangli's Fergana campaign (c. 101 BC), the inhabitants were slaughtered. Around 80 BC, a military colony of the Han dynasty was established on the site.[7] In 60 BC, the Han dynasty established the Protectorate of the Western Regions, with the Protector General stationed in Wulei[8] in present Luntai County.[9]

As of 1885, there was about 25,100 acres (165,700 mu) of cultivated land in Bugur.[10]

Demographics

The proportion of nationalities in Luntai (Bügür) County
Nationality Prozentualer Anteil
Uyghurs
 
 82.5%
Han
 
 17.0%
Hui
 
 0.3%
Others
 
 0.2%
Source of the population statistics :[11]

Administrative divisions

Luntai County includes 4 towns and 7 townships.

Name Simplified Chinese Hanyu Pinyin Uyghur (UEY) Uyghur Latin (ULY) Mongolian (traditional) Mongolian (Cyrillic) Administrative division code
Towns
Luntai Town 轮台镇 Lúntái Zhèn بۈگۈر بازىرى bügür baziri 652822100
Lunnan Town 轮南镇 Lúnnán Zhèn جەنۇبىي بۈگۈر بازىرى jenubiy bügür baziri 652822101
Qumpak Town 群巴克镇 Qúnbākè Zhèn چۇمپاق بازىرى chumpaq baziri 652822102
Yengisar Town 阳霞镇 Yángxiá Zhèn يېڭىسار بازىرى yëngisar baziri 652822103
Townships
Karabag Township 哈尔巴克乡 Hā'ěrbākè Xiāng قارىباغ يېزىسى qaribagh yëzisi 652822201
Yeyungou Township
(Eshme Township) 		野云沟乡 Yěyúngōu Xiāng ئەشمە يېزىسى Eshme yëzisi 652822202
Aksaray Township 阿克萨来乡 Ākèsàlái Xiāng ئاقساراي يېزىسى Aqsaray yëzisi 652822203
Tarlak Township 塔尔拉克乡 Tǎ'ěrlākè Xiāng تارلاق يېزىسى tarlaq yëzisi 652822204
Caohu Township 草湖乡 Cǎohú Xiāng سوخۇ يېزىسى soxu yëzisi 652822205
Terakbazar Township 铁热克巴扎乡 Tiěrèkèbāzhā Xiāng تېرەكبازار يېزىسى tërekbazar yëzisi 652822206
Qedir Township 策达雅乡 Cèdáyǎ Xiāng چېدىر يېزىسى chëdir yëzisi 652822207

Climate

Climate data for Luntai, elevation 982 m (3,222 ft), (1991–2020 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −1.5
(29.3) 		5.9
(42.6) 		15.0
(59.0) 		23.4
(74.1) 		28.4
(83.1) 		32.1
(89.8) 		33.8
(92.8) 		32.7
(90.9) 		27.9
(82.2) 		20.1
(68.2) 		9.8
(49.6) 		0.2
(32.4) 		19.0
(66.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) −7.8
(18.0) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		7.9
(46.2) 		16.1
(61.0) 		21.2
(70.2) 		25.0
(77.0) 		26.5
(79.7) 		25.4
(77.7) 		20.4
(68.7) 		11.9
(53.4) 		2.7
(36.9) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		11.9
(53.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −12.7
(9.1) 		−6.8
(19.8) 		1.5
(34.7) 		9.2
(48.6) 		14.4
(57.9) 		18.3
(64.9) 		19.9
(67.8) 		18.8
(65.8) 		13.7
(56.7) 		5.5
(41.9) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		−9.6
(14.7) 		5.8
(42.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 1.4
(0.06) 		1.9
(0.07) 		1.6
(0.06) 		4.0
(0.16) 		7.5
(0.30) 		15.3
(0.60) 		12.8
(0.50) 		11.5
(0.45) 		4.9
(0.19) 		2.5
(0.10) 		3.8
(0.15) 		1.7
(0.07) 		68.9
(2.71)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 2.0 1.2 0.9 1.6 3.0 5.2 6.2 5.0 2.7 1.2 1.0 1.8 31.8
Average snowy days 5.4 2.0 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 1.2 4.8 13.9
Average relative humidity (%) 69 57 39 31 32 37 40 41 44 50 59 71 48
Mean monthly sunshine hours 155.1 174.2 197.7 221.8 255.6 254.4 271.7 261.2 246.6 236.5 185.6 141.6 2,602
Percent possible sunshine 52 57 53 55 56 56 60 62 67 70 64 50 59
Source: China Meteorological Administration[12][13]

Notes

  1. ^ Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe UTC+6 (Xinjiang Time), 2 hours behind Beijing.

References

  1. ^ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
  2. ^ a b Xie Yuzhong 解玉忠 (2003). 地名中的新疆 (in Simplified Chinese). Ürümqi: 新疆人民出版社. pp. 138–141. ISBN 7-228-08004-1. 轮台 Luntai(Bügür)
  3. ^ Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (2010). 建筑抗震设计规范 [GB50011-2010: Code for Seismic Design of Buildings] (in English and Simplified Chinese). Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press. p. 203 – via Google Books. Bugur County
  4. ^ "Sandstorm strands 4,000 train passengers in Xinjiang". 中华网. 2008-08-05. Archived from the original on 3 December 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020 – via Internet Archive. Bugur County ... Xinhua Photo
  5. ^ "Rights Groups Condemn China's Detention of RFA Reporters' Relatives". Radio Free Asia. 2018-03-01. Archived from the original on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2020. RFA Uyghur broadcaster Kurban Niyaz's youngest brother, Hasanjan Niyaz, was arrested in May 2017 in Bugur county, and in July sentenced to six years in jail on charges of "holding ethnic hatred."
  6. ^ Zhong Xingqi 钟兴麒, ed. (July 2008). 西域地名考录 (in Simplified Chinese). Beijing: 国家图书馆出版社. pp. 604–605. ISBN 978-7-5013-3628-9. 轮台 lún tái Bügür {...} 轮台县 (Bugur)
  7. ^ Loewe, Michael (1979). "Introduction". In Hulsewé, Anthony François Paulus (ed.). China in Central Asia: The Early Stage: 125 BC – AD 23. Brill. pp. 1–70. ISBN 978-90-04-05884-2. Pages 43, 46.
  8. ^ Thought and Law in Qin and Han China: Studies Dedicated to Anthony Hulsewâe on the Occasion of His Eightieth Birthday. Brill Archive. 1990. ISBN 978-90-04-09269-3.
  9. ^ The General Theory of Dunhuang Studies. Springer. 25 March 2022. ISBN 978-981-16-9073-0.
  10. ^ Herold J. Wiens (November 1966). "Cultivation Development and Expansion in China's Colonial Realm in Central Asia". The Journal of Asian Studies. 26 (1): 75. doi:10.2307/2051832. JSTOR 2051832. S2CID 162339064.
  11. ^ 3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 [3-7 Population by Nationality by Prefecture, State, City and County (City)]. tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn (in Chinese). Statistical Bureau of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. 2020-06-10. Archived from the original on 2020-11-01. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  12. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  13. ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.

Further reading

  • Yap, Joseph P, (2019). The Western Regions, Xiongnu and Han, from the Shiji, Hanshu and Hou Hanshu. ISBN 978-1792829154


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