United Nations Security Council Resolution 598: Difference between revisions

UN Security Council
Resolution 598
UN Security Council; Resolution 598
	Iran–Iraq War
Date	20 July 1987
Meeting no.	2,750
Code	S/RES/598 (Document)
Subject	Iran–Iraq
Voting summary	15 voted for; None voted against; None abstained;
Result	Adopted
Security Council composition
Permanent members	China; France; United Kingdom; United States; Soviet Union;
Non-permanent members	Argentina; Bulgaria; Rep. of the Congo; Ghana; Italy; Japan; United Arab Emirates; Venezuela; West Germany; Zambia;

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 23:39, 18 May 2024

United Nations Security Council resolution 598 S/RES/0598 (1987), (UNSC resolution 598)^[1] adopted unanimously on 20 July 1987,^[2] after recalling Resolution 582 and 588, called for an immediate ceasefire between Iran and Iraq and the repatriation of prisoners of war, and for both sides to withdraw to the international border. The resolution requested the Secretary-General to dispatch a team of observers to monitor the ceasefire while a permanent settlement was reached to end the conflict.

It became effective on 8 August 1988, ending all combat operations between the two countries and the Iran–Iraq War. Khomeini had been quoted about his opinion on the ceasefire where he stated "Happy are those who have departed through martyrdom. Unhappy am I that I still survive.… Taking this decision is more deadly than drinking from a poisoned chalice. I submitted myself to Allah's will and took this drink for His satisfaction" after announcing that Iran had signed a ceasefire with Iraq, 20 July 1988.

After acceptance of Resolution 598

Both Iran and Iraq had accepted Resolution 598 on 8 August 1988.^[3]

Both sides eventually withdrew to the international border in the coming weeks. Resolution 598 became effective on 8 August, ending all combat operations between the two countries.^[4] UN peacekeepers belonging to the UNIIMOG mission took the field, remaining on the Iran–Iraq border until 1991.

References

^ "UN Security Council Resolution 598, Iran / Iraq".
^ Farrokh, Kaveh (20 December 2011). Iran at War: 1500–1588. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78096-221-4.
^ "Strait of Hormuz – Tanker War". The Strauss Center. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
^ Dodds, Joanna; Wilson, Ben (6 June 2009). "The Iran–Iraq War: Unattainable Objectives". Middle East Review of International Affairs. 13 (2).

External links

Text of the Resolution at United Nations Digital Library

[1] "UN Security Council Resolution 598, Iran / Iraq".

[Farrokh_03-2] Farrokh, Kaveh (20 December 2011). Iran at War: 1500–1588. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78096-221-4.

[3] "Strait of Hormuz – Tanker War". The Strauss Center. Retrieved 25 September 2023.

[dodds09-4] Dodds, Joanna; Wilson, Ben (6 June 2009). "The Iran–Iraq War: Unattainable Objectives". Middle East Review of International Affairs. 13 (2).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|United Nations Security Council resolution}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
+{{expand Persian|date=May 2024}}
 {{Infobox UN resolution
 |number = 598
@@ Line 7: / Line 9: @@
 |meeting = 2,750
 |code = S/RES/598
-|document = http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/524/70/IMG/NR052470.pdf?OpenElement
+|document = https://undocs.org/S/RES/598(1987)
 |for = 15
 |abstention = 0
 |against = 0
-|subject = Iraq-Islamic Republic of Iran
+|subject = Iran–Iraq
 |result = Adopted
 |image = Iran-Iraq War Montage.png
-|caption = Iran-Iraq War
+|caption = Iran–Iraq War
 }}
+'''United Nations Security Council resolution 598''' S/RES/0598 (1987), (UNSC resolution 598)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cfr.org/iran/un-security-council-resolution-598-iran-iraq/p11200|title=UN Security Council Resolution 598, Iran / Iraq}}</ref> adopted unanimously on 20 July 1987,<ref name="Farrokh 03">{{cite book|title=Iran at War: 1500–1588|last=Farrokh|first=Kaveh|date=20 December 2011|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1-78096-221-4|location=Oxford}}</ref> after recalling [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 582|Resolution 582]] and [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 588|588]], called for an immediate ceasefire between Iran and Iraq and the repatriation of [[prisoners of war]], and for both sides to withdraw to the international border. The resolution requested the Secretary-General to dispatch a team of observers to monitor the ceasefire while a permanent settlement was reached to end the conflict.
+It became effective on 8 August 1988, ending all combat operations between the two countries and the [[Iran–Iraq War]]. [[Ruhollah Khomeini|Khomeini]] had been quoted about his opinion on the ceasefire where he stated "Happy are those who have departed through martyrdom. Unhappy am I that I still survive.… Taking this decision is more deadly than drinking from a poisoned chalice. I submitted myself to Allah's will and took this drink for His satisfaction" after announcing that Iran had signed a ceasefire with Iraq, 20 July 1988.
+==After acceptance of Resolution 598==
-'''United Nations Security Council resolution 598''' S/RES/0598 (1987)<ref>http://www.cfr.org/iran/un-security-council-resolution-598-iran-iraq/p11200</ref>, adopted unanimously on 20 July 1987, after reaffirming [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 582|Resolution 582]] (1986), the Council expressed its concern that, despite its calls for a [[ceasefire]], the conflict between [[Iran]] and [[Iraq]] continued with heavy loss of life and material destruction.Deploring the initiation and continuation of the conflict. Deploring also the bombing of purely civilian population centers. Attacks on neutral shipping or civilian aircraft. The violation of international humanitarian law and other laws of armed conflict, and, in particular, the use of [[Chemical Weapons]] by Iraq contrary to Iraq's obligations under the 1925 Geneva Protocol. Deeply concerned that further escalation and widening of the conflict may take place. Determined to bring to an end all military actions between Iran and Iraq. Convinced that a comprehensive, just, honourable and durable settlement should be achieved between Iran and Iraq. Recalling the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and in particular the obligation of all member states to settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security and justice are not endangered. Determining that there exists a breach of the peace as regards the conflict between Iran and Iraq.
+Both Iran and Iraq had accepted Resolution 598 on 8 August 1988.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strait of Hormuz – Tanker War |url=https://www.strausscenter.org/strait-of-hormuz-tanker-war/ |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=The Strauss Center |language=en-US}}</ref>
+Both sides eventually withdrew to the international border in the coming weeks. Resolution 598 became effective on 8 August, ending all combat operations between the two countries.<ref name="dodds09">{{cite journal|title=The Iran–Iraq War: Unattainable Objectives|last1=Dodds|first1=Joanna|last2=Wilson|first2=Ben|date=6 June 2009|journal=Middle East Review of International Affairs|volume=13|number=2|url=http://www.gloria-center.org/2009/06/dodds-wilson-2009-06-06/}}</ref> [[UN peacekeepers]] belonging to the [[UNIIMOG]] mission took the field, remaining on the Iran–Iraq border until 1991.
-Acting under Articles 39 and 40 of the Charter of the United Nations:
-. Demands that, as a first step towards a negotiated settlement, Iran and Iraq observe an immediate cease-fire, discontinue all military actions on land, at sea and in the air, and withdraw all forces to the internationally recognized boundaries without delay;
-. Requests the Secretary-General to dispatch a team of United Nations Observers to verify, confirm and supervise the cease-fire and withdrawal and further requests the Secretary-General to make the necessary arrangements in consultation with the Parties and to submit a report thereon to the Security Council;
-. Urges that prisoners of war be released and repatriated without delay after the cessation of active hostilities in accordance with the Third Geneva Convention of 12 August 1949;
-. Calls upon Iran and Iraq to cooperate with the Secretary- General in implementing this resolution and in mediation efforts to achieve a comprehensive, just and honourable settlement, acceptable to both sides, of all outstanding issues in accordance with the principles contained in the Charter of the United Nations;
-. Calls upon all other States to exercise the utmost restraint and to refrain from any act which may lead to further escalation and widening of the conflict and thus to facilitate the implementation of the present resolution;
-. Requests the Secretary-General to explore, in consultation with Iran and Iraq, the question of entrusting an impartial body with inquiring into responsibility for the conflict and to report to the Security Council as soon as possible;
-. Recognizes the magnitude of the damage inflicted during the conflict and the need for reconstruction efforts, with appropriate international assistance, once the conflict is ended and, in this regard, requests the Secretary-General to assign a team of experts to study the question of reconstruction and to report to the Security Council;
-. Further requests the Secretary-General to examine in consultation with Iran and Iraq and with other states of the region measures to enhance the security and stability of the region;
-. Requests the Secretary-General to keep the Security Council informed on the implementation of this resolution; and
-. Decides to meet again as necessary to consider further steps to insure compliance with this resolution.
+== See also ==
-Acting under [[s:Charter of the United Nations#Article 39|Article 39]] and [[s:Charter of the United Nations#Article 40|Chapter 40]] of the [[United Nations Charter]], the Council demanded that Iran and Iraq observe a ceasefire as a first step towards a negotiated settlement, requesting the [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|Secretary-General]] to dispatch an observer team to the region to verify that a ceasefire had taken place, further requiring him to submit a report in consultation with both parties, urging their cooperation throughout. It also requested that [[prisoner of war|prisoners of war]] be released and repatriated without delay.
-The resolution then asked the Secretary-General to explore, in consultation with both parties, the question of entrusting an impartial body inquiring into the responsibility of the conflict and to discuss improving security and stability in the region, in the hope of finding a mutually acceptable solution to outstanding issues.
-The Council also recognized the large amount of destruction in the region as a result of the conflict, requesting international assistance to the region once the war had ended.
-Both Iran and Iraq had accepted Resolution 598 on 20 July 1988. However, Iraq decided to make a final push and attempted to invade Iran, once again, to permanently occupy Khuzestan and western Iran, as well as to reach its goals from the beginning of the war.<ref name="Farrokh 03">{{cite book|last=Farrokh|first=Kaveh|title=Iran at War: 1500-1988|publisher=Osprey Publishing|location=Oxford|isbn=9781780962214}}</ref> The Iraqi army attacked Khuzestan province, beginning with chemical and air strikes, and once again pushed towards Khorramshahr.  However, Iran had anticipated the attack, and used its air force in conjunction with [[surface-to-air missiles]] to defeat the larger Iraqi air force.<ref name="Farrokh 03">{{cite book|last=Farrokh|first=Kaveh|title=Iran at War: 1500-1988|publisher=Osprey Publishing|location=Oxford|isbn=9781780962214}}</ref> The Iranian forces then took the offensive on 25 July and re-obtained {{convert|600|km2|sqmi}} of Iraqi territory.<ref name="Farrokh 03">{{cite book|last=Farrokh|first=Kaveh|title=Iran at War: 1500-1988|publisher=Osprey Publishing|location=Oxford|isbn=9781780962214}}</ref> See [[Operation Mersad]].
-Both sides eventually withdrew to the international border in the coming weeks, with Resolution 598 becoming effective on 8 August, ending all combat operations between the two countries.<ref name="dodds09">{{cite journal|title=The Iran-Iraq War: Unattainable Objectives|last1=Dodds|first1=Joanna|last2=Wilson|first2=Ben|date=6 June 2009|journal=Middle East Review of International Affairs|volume=13|number=2|url=http://www.gloria-center.org/2009/06/dodds-wilson-2009-06-06/}}</ref> By 20 August, peace with Iran was restored.<ref name="dodds09"/> [[UN peacekeepers]] belonging to the [[UNIIMOG]] mission took the field, remaining on the Iran-Iraq border until 1991. While the war was now over, Iraq spent the rest of August and early September clearing the Kurdish resistance. Using 60,000 troops along with helicopter gunships, chemical weapons (poison gas), and mass executions, Iraq hit 15 villages with poison gas, killing many rebels and civilians, and forced tens of thousands of Kurds to relocate to [[Concentration camp|settlements]].<ref name=csis8>{{cite book|url=http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/9005lessonsiraniraqii-chap08.pdf|publisher=Center for Strategic and International Studies|title=The Lessons of Modern War – Volume II: Iran-Iraq War|chapter=Phase Five: New Iranian Efforts at "Final Offensives", 1986–1887}}</ref> Many Kurdish civilians immigrated to Iran. By 3 September 1988, the anti-Kurdish campaign ended and all resistance was crushed.<ref name=csis8>{{cite book|url=http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/9005lessonsiraniraqii-chap08.pdf|publisher=Center for Strategic and International Studies|title=The Lessons of Modern War – Volume II: Iran-Iraq War|chapter=Phase Five: New Iranian Efforts at "Final Offensives", 1986–1887}}</ref> 400 Iraqi soldiers and 50,000 Kurdish civilians and soldiers had been killed.<ref name=csis8>{{cite book|url=http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/9005lessonsiraniraqii-chap08.pdf|publisher=Center for Strategic and International Studies|title=The Lessons of Modern War – Volume II: Iran-Iraq War|chapter=Phase Five: New Iranian Efforts at "Final Offensives", 1986–1887}}</ref><ref name="wong06">{{cite news|last=Wong|first=Edward|title=Hussein charged with genocide in 50,000 deaths|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/05/world/middleeast/05iraq.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=5 April 2006}}</ref>
-==See also==
 * [[Iran–Iraq relations]]
-* [[Iran–Iraq War]]
+** [[Iran–Iraq War]]
-* [[List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 501 to 600]] (1982&ndash;1987)
+* [[List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 501 to 600]] (1982–1987)
 * Resolutions [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 479|479]], [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 514|514]], [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 522|522]], [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 540|540]], [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 552|552]], [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 582|582]], [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 612|612]], [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 616|616]], [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 619|619]] and [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 620|620]]
-==References==
+== References ==
-{{Reflist|30em}}
+{{Reflist}}
-==External links==
+== External links ==
+{{Wikisource}}
-*[http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3b00f20e64.html Text of Resolution at UNHCR.org]
+* [https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/137345?ln=en Text of the Resolution at United Nations Digital Library]
-{{wikisource}}
+{{Clear}}
 {{UNSCR 1987}}
-[[Category:1987 United Nations Security Council resolutions]]
+[[Category:1987 United Nations Security Council resolutions| 0598]]
-[[Category:United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning the Iran–Iraq War]]
+[[Category:United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning the Iran–Iraq War| 0598]]
 [[Category:1987 in Iran]]
 [[Category:1987 in Iraq]]
+[[Category:July 1987 events]]
-[[fa:قطعنامه ۵۹۸ شورای امنیت]]
-[[mzn:قطعنومه ۵۹۸ امنیت شورا]]
-[[nl:Resolutie 598 Veiligheidsraad Verenigde Naties]]
-[[ckb:بڕیارنامەی ٥٩٨ی ئەنجومەنی ئاسایش]]