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{{short description|Metropolitan regency of Indonesia}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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| official_name = Sidoarjo Regency |
| official_name = Sidoarjo Regency |
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| native_name =''Kabupaten Sidoarjo'' |
| native_name = ''Kabupaten Sidoarjo'' |
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| native_name_lang = id<!-- Indonesian --> |
| native_name_lang = id<!-- Indonesian --> |
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| type = [[List of regencies and cities of Indonesia|Regency]] |
| type = [[List of regencies and cities of Indonesia|Regency]] |
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| image_flag = |
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| image_seal = Seal of Sidoarjo Regency.svg |
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| seal_alt = |
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| motto = Sidoarjo Bersih Hatinya |
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| image_map = Locator kabupaten sidoarjo.png |
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| map_alt = |
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| map_caption = Location within [[East Java]] |
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| image_map1 = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=290|frame-height=270|frame-align=center|stroke-width=3|zoom=9|frame-lat=-7.4496|frame-long=112.7362|type=shape-inverse|stroke-color=#808080|id=Q11129|title=Sidoarjo Regency}} |
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| image_map1 = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=290|frame-height=270|frame-align=center|stroke-width=3|zoom=9|frame-lat=-7.4496|frame-long=112.7362|type=shape-inverse|stroke-color=#808080|id=Q11129|title=Sidoarjo Regency}} |
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| map_caption1 = Interactive map outlining Sidoarjo Regency |
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| map_caption1 = Interactive map outlining Sidoarjo Regency |
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| coordinates = {{coord|7|27|S|112|42|E|type:adm2nd_region:ID_dim:50000|display=inline,title}} |
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| coordinates = {{coord|7|27|S|112|42|E|type:adm2nd_region:ID_dim:50000|display=inline,title}} |
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| coordinates_footnotes = |
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| coordinates_footnotes = |
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| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |
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| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |
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| subdivision_name = {{flag|Indonesia}} |
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| subdivision_name = {{flag|Indonesia}} |
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| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Indonesia|Province]] |
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| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Indonesia|Province]] |
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| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|East Java}} |
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| seat_type = [[Capital city|Capital]] |
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| seat = Sidoarjo |
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| leader_title = Regent |
| leader_title = Regent |
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| leader_name = {{ill|Subandi (politician, born 1972)|lt=Subandi|id|Subandi (lahir 1972)}} |
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| area_footnotes = |
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| leader_title2 = Vice Regent |
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| leader_name2 = Vacant |
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| area_footnotes = |
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| area_total_km2 = 714.24 |
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| elevation_min_m = |
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| elevation_max_m = |
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| elevation_m = |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| population_as_of = mid 2023 estimate |
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| population_footnotes = |
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| population_total = 1996825 |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| population_footnotes = <ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2024">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kabupaten Sidoarjo Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3515)</ref> |
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| website = {{URL|www.sidoarjo.co|sidoarjo.co}} |
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| timezone1 = [[Time in Indonesia|IWST]] |
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| utc_offset1 = +7 |
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| website = {{URL|www.sidoarjokab.go.id|sidoarjokab.go.id}} |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Java]] and [[Indonesia]] |
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| footnotes = |
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| pushpin_map = Indonesia_Java#Indonesia |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Java]] and [[Indonesia]] |
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| leader_title1 = |
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| leader_name1 = |
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| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Indonesia|Area code]] |
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| area_code = (+62) 31 |
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| image_skyline = {{multiple image|border= infobox|total_width= 300|image_style= border:1; |
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|perrow = 2/2 |
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|image1=Waru Interchange and City of Tomorrow Superblocks, bordering with Surabaya and Sidoarjo (July 2018)..jpg |
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|image2=Alun-alun-sidoarjo.jpg |
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|image3=2018-06-29 Gelora Delta Sidoarjo.jpg |
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}} |
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| image_caption = Clockwise from top left: Waru [[interchange road]], [[Alun-alun]] Sidoarjo, and [[Gelora Delta Stadium]] |
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| name = Sidoarjo |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Sidoarjo Regency''' ({{lang-jv|ꦑꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦢꦲꦂꦗ|Kabupatèn Sidaharja}}) is a [[Regency (Indonesia)|regency]] in [[East Java]], [[Indonesia]]. It is bordered by [[Surabaya]] City and [[Gresik Regency]] to the north, by [[Pasuruan Regency]] to the south, by [[Mojokerto Regency]] to the west, and by the [[Madura Strait]] to the east. It has a land area of 719.34 km<sup>2</sup>, making it the smallest regency in East Java,<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2023">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023, ''Kabupaten Sidoarjo Dalam Angka 2023'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3515)</ref> although it contains many of the southern suburbs of Surabaya and has a high population density. |
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'''Sidoarjo Regency''' is a [[Regency (Indonesia)|regency]] (''kabupaten'') of [[East Java]], [[Indonesia]]. |
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As at the 2010 census, Sidoarjo Regency had a population of 2,191,489<ref name="Biro Pusat Statistik 2011">Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.</ref> while the 2020 census showed a small decline to 2,033,760,<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.</ref> notably in the northern part of the regency immediately bordering Surabaya; the official estimate as at mid-2023 showed a further decline to 1,996,825 (comprising 1,000,067 males and 996,758 females).<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2024">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kabupaten Sidoarjo Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3515)</ref> The regency is part of the urban region surrounding Surabaya, known as the '[[Gerbangkertosusila]]' area.<ref>[http://www.mukimits.com/megurb.htm Mega Urbanization] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006041121/http://www.mukimits.com/megurb.htm |date=2007-10-06 }}</ref> |
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== Administrative districts == |
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== Administration == |
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[[File:Indonesia Sidoarjo Regency location map.svg|250px|Administration of Sidoarjo Regency|thumb|center]] |
[[File:Indonesia Sidoarjo Regency location map.svg|250px|Administration of Sidoarjo Regency|thumb|center]] |
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The Sidoarjo Regency |
The Sidoarjo Regency is divided into eighteen administrative [[List of districts of East Java|districts]] (''kecamatan''). The districts are tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 census<ref name="Biro Pusat Statistik 2011">Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.</ref> and the 2020 census,<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.</ref> together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2024">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kabupaten Sidoarjo Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3515)</ref> The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of [[Villages of Indonesia|administrative villages]] in each district (totaling 322 rural ''desa'' and 31 urban ''kelurahan''), and its post code. |
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{| class="sortable wikitable" |
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* [[Tarik, Indonesia|Tarik]] (61,032) |
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* [[Prambon]] (68,576) |
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* [[Krembung]] (58,336) |
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* [[Porong]] (64,390) |
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* [[Jabon]] (49,567) |
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* [[Tanggulangin]] (83,304) |
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* [[Candi, Sidoarjo|Candi]] (145,155) |
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* [[Tulangan]] (84,582) |
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* [[Wonoayu]] (71,822) |
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* [[Sukodono]] (110,596) |
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* [[Sidoarjo]] (193,469) |
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* [[Buduran]] (91,931) |
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* [[Sedati]] (92,786) |
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* [[Waru, Sidoarjo|Waru]] (231,309) |
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* [[Gedangan]] (132,971) |
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* [[Taman, Sidoarjo|Taman]] (213,224) |
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* [[Krian, Sidoarno|Krian]] (131,281) |
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* [[Balang Bendo]] (66,841) |
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==Economy== |
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As a satellite region and part of Greater [[Surabaya]], Sidoarjo hosts number of manufacturing plants and factories. Among others are [[Maspion]] factories that produces household goods and [[ECCO]] produce [[footwear]]. Sidoarjo is also a fishing town, there are around 15,000 small and medium enterprises established in Sidoarjo, most of them are belongs to ''[[krupuk]]'' (traditional cracker) industry.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sidoarjo Cracker Industry|date=4 November 2010|publisher=EastJava.com|url=http://eastjava.com/blog/2010/11/04/sidoarjo-cracker-industry/|accessdate=3 November 2014}}</ref> Sidoarjo is also famous for its processed fisheries products, such as [[prawn cracker]], [[fish cracker]], [[shrimp paste]] and ''[[petis]]''. |
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==Mud flow 2006== |
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{{main article|Sidoarjo mud flow}} |
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Since May 2006, more than 10,000 people in the [[Porong]] District have been displaced by the hot mud flowing from a [[natural gas]] well being drilled by Lapindo Brantas, an oil well company that is part of a conglomerate owned by Coordinating Minister for the People's Welfare [[Aburizal Bakrie]].<ref>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20061002.E01 The Jakarta Post: Bakrie name at stake] - URL retrieved October 13, 2006</ref> Gas and hot mud started spewing from the well on May 28, when the drill penetrated a layer of liquid sediment. Attempts to pump concrete down the well did not stop the flow. While some scientists have speculated that the [[2006 Yogyakarta earthquake|earthquake]] that struck [[Yogyakarta]] on May 27, the day before the well erupted, may have cracked the ground, creating potential pathways for the mud to reach the surface, others have suggested that the drilling procedure was faulty by not using a casing. This is likely to be incorrect as technical papers on the subject showed that there were up to four sets of casing installed and cemented in the well. Some 50,000 cubic metres of hot mud were erupting every day as of August; in September, the amount increased to some 125,000 cubic metres daily.<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/0,1518,441723,00.html Katastrophen: Sintflut aus Matsch (Spiegel Online, in German)] - URL retrieved October 13, 2006</ref> On September 26 barriers built to hold back the mud failed, resulting in the flooding of more villages. Gus Maksum, one of the thousands of Sidoarjo villagers displaced by the mud flow gives a detailed first-hand account of the first year of the disaster in his memoir ''Titanic Made By Lapindo''.<ref>[http://tenthousandthingsfromkyoto.blogspot.com/2010/05/sinking-of-sijoardo-industrial-mudflow.html Gus Maksum's ''Titanic Made By Lapindo'' spotlights Sidoarjo] - URL retrieved September 15, 2010</ref> As of late September 2006 scientists are saying that the eruption may be a [[mud volcano]] forming, and may be impossible to stop.<ref>[http://www.bioedonline.org/news/news.cfm?art=2755 Mud volcano floods Java] - URL retrieved September 28, 2006</ref><ref>[http://news.indahnesia.com/item/200609262/indonesia_mudflow_breaks_barriers_injures_six.php Indonesia mudflow breaks barriers, injures six] - URL retrieved September 28, 2006</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/06/world/asia/06mud.html?hp&ex=1160107200&en=5d507fd52480d308&ei=5094&partner=homepage New Indonesia Calamity: A Man-Made Mud Bath] - URL retrieved October 6, 2006</ref> |
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== Climate == |
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This section describes the historical weather record at the Juanda International Airport during 2015. This station has records back to March 2005. |
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Sidoarjo has a tropical savanna climate with dry winters. The area within 40 km of this station is covered by ''croplands'' (41%), ''oceans and seas'' (39%), ''forests'' (17%), and ''lakes and rivers''(2%).<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://weatherspark.com/history/34009/2015/Sidoarjo-near-Surabaya-East-Java-Indonesia|title = Historical Weather For 2015 in Sidoarjo (near Surabaya), Indonesia - WeatherSpark|website = weatherspark.com|access-date = 2016-04-11}}</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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! colspan="13" |Daily Climate Data (Juanda Weather Station - 96935, 2015)<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://dataonline.bmkg.go.id/data_iklim|title = DATA ONLINE - PUSAT DATABASE - BMKG|website = dataonline.bmkg.go.id|access-date = 2016-04-11}}</ref> |
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! Kode <br>Wilayah|| Name of<br>District<br>(''kecamatan'') ||Area<br>in <br>km<sup>2</sup>|| Pop'n<br>census<br>2010|| Pop'n<br>census<br>2020|| Pop'n<br>estimate<br>mid 2023||Admin<br>centre||No.<br>of<br>villages||Post<br>code |
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|'''Month''' |
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|'''January''' |
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|'''February''' |
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|'''March''' |
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|'''April''' |
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|'''May''' |
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|'''June''' |
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|'''July''' |
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|'''August''' |
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|'''September''' |
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|'''October''' |
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|'''November''' |
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|'''December''' |
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| 35.15.01 || Tarik ||style="text-align:right"|36.06||style="text-align:right"|61,032||style="text-align:right"|69,189||style="text-align:right"|67,458||Mergosari||style="text-align:center"|20||61265 |
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|Average High Temperature (<sup>o</sup>C) |
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|32.40 |
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|32.53 |
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|31.71 |
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|31.97 |
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|31.38 |
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|31.45 |
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|31.01 |
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|30.96 |
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|31.78 |
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|32.91 |
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|34.64 |
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|33.14 |
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| 35.15.02 || Prambon ||style="text-align:right"|34.22||style="text-align:right"|68,576||style="text-align:right"|79,952||style="text-align:right"|78,460||Prambon||style="text-align:center"|20||61264 |
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|Average Low Temperature (<sup>o</sup>C) |
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|24.64 |
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|24.41 |
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|24.38 |
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|25.21 |
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|24.86 |
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|23.69 |
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|23.08 |
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|23.03 |
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|22.68 |
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|24.06 |
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|26.48 |
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|25.31 |
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| 35.15.03 || Krembung ||style="text-align:right"|29.55||style="text-align:right"|58,336||style="text-align:right"|69,887||style="text-align:right"|68,402||Mojoruntul||style="text-align:center"|19||61275 |
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|Average Mean Temperature (<sup>o</sup>C) |
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|27.61 |
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|27.95 |
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|27.83 |
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|28.00 |
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|28.12 |
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|27.34 |
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|26.97 |
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|26.94 |
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|27.53 |
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|28.60 |
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|30.48 |
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|28.48 |
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| 35.15.04 || [[Porong]] ||style="text-align:right"|29.82||style="text-align:right"|64,390||style="text-align:right"|73,446||style="text-align:right"|70,170||Juwetkenongo||style="text-align:center"|19 <sup>(a)</sup> ||61274 |
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|Rainfall Rate (mm) |
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|15.82 |
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|5.54 |
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|16.10 |
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|7.52 |
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|4.88 |
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|0 |
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|0 |
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|0.72 |
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|0 |
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|0 |
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|0 |
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|3.14 |
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| 35.15.05 || Jabon ||style="text-align:right"|81.00||style="text-align:right"|49,567||style="text-align:right"|56,266||style="text-align:right"|55,153||Dukuhsari||style="text-align:center"|15||61276 |
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|Highest Humidity (%) |
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|92 |
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|81 |
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|88 |
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|93 |
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|90 |
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|80 |
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|78 |
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|83 |
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|74 |
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|76 |
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|72 |
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|86 |
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| 35.15.06 || Tanggulangin ||style="text-align:right"|32.29||style="text-align:right"|83,304||style="text-align:right"|89,804||style="text-align:right"|87,161||Kalitengah||style="text-align:center"|19||61272 |
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|Lowest Humidity (%) |
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|66 |
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|79 |
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|75 |
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|74 |
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|69 |
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|70 |
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|73 |
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|70 |
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|63 |
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|63 |
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|66 |
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|73 |
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| 35.15.07 || Candi ||style="text-align:right"|40.67||style="text-align:right"|145,155||style="text-align:right"|153,423||style="text-align:right"|153,922||Gelam||style="text-align:center"|24||61271 |
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|Average Mean Humidity (%) |
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|81.12 |
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| 35.15.09 || Tulangan ||style="text-align:right"|31.21||style="text-align:right"|84,582||style="text-align:right"|102,339||style="text-align:right"|101,177||Kenongo||style="text-align:center"|22||61273 |
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|79.75 |
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|82.18 |
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| 35.15.10 || Wonoayu ||style="text-align:right"|33.92||style="text-align:right"|71,822||style="text-align:right"|85,586||style="text-align:right"|83,764||Wonoayu||style="text-align:center"|23||61261 |
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|82.69 |
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|78.12 |
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| 35.15.14 || Sukodono ||style="text-align:right"|32.68||style="text-align:right"|110,596||style="text-align:right"|121,859||style="text-align:right"|121,954||Anggaswangi||style="text-align:center"|19||61216<br>- 61258 |
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|74.88 |
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|75.71 |
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| 35.15.08 || [[Sidoarjo]] ||style="text-align:right"|62.56||style="text-align:right"|193,469||style="text-align:right"|201,120||style="text-align:right"|197,756||Sidokumpul||style="text-align:center"|24 <sup>(b)</sup> ||61212<br>- 61234 |
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|74.08 |
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|69.2 |
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| 35.15.15 || Buduran ||style="text-align:right"|41.03||style="text-align:right"|91,931||style="text-align:right"|98,710||style="text-align:right"|98,999||Banjarkemantren||style="text-align:center"|15||61252 |
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|68.19 |
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|68.57 |
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| 35.15.17 || [[Sedati]] ||style="text-align:right"|79.43||style="text-align:right"|92,786||style="text-align:right"|96,636||style="text-align:right"|95,277||Pulungan||style="text-align:center"|16||61253 |
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|79.2 |
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| 35.15.18 || [[Waru, Sidoarjo|Waru]] ||style="text-align:right"|30.32||style="text-align:right"|231,309||style="text-align:right"|200,754||style="text-align:right"|194,084||Janti||style="text-align:center"|17||61256 |
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|- |
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| 35.15.16 || Gedangan ||style="text-align:right"|24.06||style="text-align:right"|132,971||style="text-align:right"|120,003||style="text-align:right"|118,338||Keboansikep||style="text-align:center"|15||61254 |
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|- |
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| 35.15.13 || Taman ||style="text-align:right"|31.54||style="text-align:right"|213,224||style="text-align:right"|207,815||style="text-align:right"|200,405||Bebekan||style="text-align:center"|24 <sup>(c)</sup> ||61212<br>- 61257 |
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|- |
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| 35.15.11 || Krian ||style="text-align:right"|32.50||style="text-align:right"|131,281||style="text-align:right"|130,930||style="text-align:right"|130,412||Kraton||style="text-align:center"|22 <sup>(d)</sup> ||61262 |
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|- |
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| 35.15.12 || Balongbendo ||style="text-align:right"|31.40||style="text-align:right"|66,841||style="text-align:right"|76,050||style="text-align:right"|73,933||Wonokupang||style="text-align:center"|20||61263 |
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! || '''''Totals''''' ||style="text-align:right"|''714.24''||style="text-align:right"|''2,191,489''||style="text-align:right"|''2,033,764''||style="text-align:right"|''1,996,825''|| ''Sidoarjo''||style="text-align:center"|''353''|| |
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Notes: (a) comprising 6 ''kelurahan'' (Gedang, Jatirejo, Juwetkenongo, Mindi, Porong and Siring) and 13 ''desa''. <br>(b) comprising 14 ''kelurahan'' (Bulusidokare, Celep, Cemengkalang, Gebang, Lemahputro, Magersari, Pekauman, Pucang, <br>Pucanganom, Sekardangan, Sidokare, Sidoklumpuk, Sidokumpul and Urangagung) and 8 ''desa''. <br>(c) comprising 8 ''kelurahan'' (Bebekan, Geluran, Kalijaten, Ketegan, Ngelom, Sepanjang, Taman and Wonocolo) and 16 ''desa''. <br>(d) including 3 ''kelurahan'' (Kemasan, Krian and Tambak Kemerakan). |
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=== Temperature === |
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The ''hottest day'' of 2015 was October 16, with a high temperature of 35 °C. For reference, on that day the average high temperature is 33 °C and the high temperature exceeds 34 °C only one day in ten. The ''hottest month'' of 2015 was November with an average daily high temperature of 34 °C. |
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==Economy== |
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Relative to the average, the hottest day was December 26. The high temperature that day was 35 °C, compared to the average of 31 °C, a difference of 4 °C. In relative terms the warmest month wasNovember, with an average high temperature of 34 °C, compared to a typical value of 33 °C. |
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As a satellite region and part of Greater [[Surabaya]], the Sidoarjo economy is valued at 197.24 Trillion [[Indonesian rupiah|IDR]] in 2020 and is the second-largest<ref>{{Cite web|title=Perekonomian Kota Surabaya Terbesar di Jawa Timur pada 2020 {{!}} Databoks|url=https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2021/10/22/perekonomian-kota-surabaya-terbesar-di-jawa-timur-pada-2020|access-date=2021-12-09|website=databoks.katadata.co.id|language=id}}</ref> in [[East Java]] after Surabaya. |
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'''Primary Sector''' |
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The longest ''warm spell'' was from November 7 to December 6, constituting 30 consecutive days with warmer than average high temperatures. The month of November had the largest fraction of warmer than average days with 93% days with higher than average high temperatures. |
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[[File:Temperature temperature c.png|alt=The daily low (blue) and high (red) temperature during 2015 with the area between them shaded gray and superimposed over the corresponding averages (thick lines), and with percentile bands (inner band from 25th to 75th percentile, outer band from 10th to 90th percentile). The bar at the top of the graph is red where both the daily high and low are above average, blue where they are both below average, and white otherwise.|center|frame|The daily low (blue) and high (red) temperature during 2015 with the area between them shaded gray and superimposed over the corresponding averages (thick lines), and with percentile bands (inner band from 25th to 75th percentile, outer band from 10th to 90th percentile). The bar at the top of the graph is red where both the daily high and low are above average, blue where they are both below average, and white otherwise.]] |
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Although Sidoarjo Regency's land area is relatively small and densely populated, the primary sector still maintains a role in Sidoarjo's economy. Agriculture is mainly produced in the western and southwestern parts of Sidoarjo Tulangan District, Krembung District, and Balongbendo District. During the colonial era, Sidoarjo was famous for [[sugarcane]] production and it hosted several sugar mills owned by [[Dutch East Indies|the Colonial government]]. After Independence, the Indonesian government [[nationalised]] all sugar mills in Sidoarjo. The sugarcane production sector peaked in the 70s and gradually declined since then, due to inflows of [[manufacturing]] investment and rapid [[urbanization]] that reduced the sugarcane planting area. Today, crops that still produced in Sidoarjo are Rice, Banana, Papaya, Cassava, and several [[lowland]] vegetables. |
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The ''coldest day'' of 2015 was July 4, with a low temperature of 20 °C. For reference, on that day the average low temperature is 23 °C and the low temperature drops below 21 °C only one day in ten. The''coldest month'' of 2015 was September with an average daily low temperature of 22 °C. |
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Fisheries also still maintain a role. In the past, Sidoarjo was known as a fishing town, but the fishing sector was slowly declining as Sidoarjo became more urbanized. Today, fishing has been replaced by aquaculture as the main source of fish in Sidoarjo. Highly productive aquaculture is mainly produced in the eastern part of Sidoarjo Regency, and the main product is [[Milkfish]] and farmed [[shrimp]] which are mostly exported to the US and Japan. Sidoarjo is also famous for its processed fishery products, such as [[prawn cracker]], [[fish cracker]], [[shrimp paste]] and ''[[petis]]''. |
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Relative to the average, the coldest day was July 6. The low temperature that day was 20 °C, compared to the average of 23 °C, a difference of 3 °C. In relative terms the coldest month wasOctober, with an average low temperature of 24 °C, compared to a typical value of 25 °C. |
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[[Mining|The mining]] sector could be neglected as it contributes very little to Sidoarjo economy. The main mining sector is natural gas, which is produced in [[Porong]] District. There are also several sand miners that operate in Jabon District. |
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The longest ''cold spell'' was from January 22 to February 8, constituting 18 consecutive days with cooler than average low temperatures. The month of February had the largest fraction of cooler than average days with 86% days with lower than average low temperatures. |
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'''Secondary Sector''' |
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=== Humidity === |
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Humidity is an important factor in determining how weather conditions feel to a person experiencing them. Hot and humid days feel even hotter than hot and dry days because the high level of water content in humid air discourages the evaporation of sweat from a person's skin. |
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Manufacturing is a main sector of the Sidoarjo economy with a contribution of nearly 40%. Sidoarjo manufacturing production is diversified and ranges from furniture to electronics products. There are numerous manufacturing plants in Sidoarjo. Among this are : Jatim Taman Steel (Steel Manufacturer), Avian (Paints and building material), Tunggal Djaja (Paints Production), [[Maspion]] (Household durable goods), Japfa Comfeed (Feedmills and poultry), Interbat (Pharmaceuticals), Integra (Furniture), Tjiwi Kimia (Paper), [[Kimberly-Clark|Kimberly-Clark's]] Softex (Non-durable consumer goods), [[Unicharm]] (Non-durable consumer goods), [[Polygon Bikes]] (Bikes), [[Alumindo Light Metal Industry|Alumindo]] (Aluminium products), Sekar Group (Food processing), [[Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical|Hisamitsu]] (Pharmaceutical), Lighting Solutions (Lamp), [[ECCO]] (Footwear), Samator (Industrial gas and chemicals), Bernofarm (Pharmaceutical), Muntjul Diamond (Vehicle body), [[Charoen Pokphand]] ([[Agribusiness]]) and many more. |
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When reading the graph below, keep in mind that the hottest part of the day tends to be the least humid, so the daily low (brown) traces are more relevant for understanding daytime comfort than the daily high (blue) traces, which typically occur during the night. Applying that observation, the ''least humid month'' of 2015 was October with an average daily low humidity of 40%, and the ''most humid month'' was April with an average daily low humidity of 64%. |
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There are thousands small and medium manufacturers established in Sidoarjo. Garments, Food Processing, Footwear, Apparel, and Furniture are products that usually produced by small and medium manufacturers in Sidoarjo. Many small and medium manufacturers produces Traditional Herbs, Machinery, Packaging, and Metal products. |
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But it is important to keep in mind that humidity does not tell the whole picture and the [[dew point]] is often a better measure of how comfortable a person will find a given set of weather conditions. Please see the next section for continued discussion of this point. |
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[[File:Humidity percent pct.png|center|frame|The daily low (brown) and high (blue) relative humidity during 2015 with the area between them shaded gray and superimposed over the corresponding averages (thick lines), and with percentile bands (inner band from 25th to 75th percentile, outer band from 10th to 90th percentile).]] |
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During [[Dutch East Indies|colonial era]], there are ten [[Sugar mills|sugarmills]] in Sidoarjo and the oldest is Watu Tulis Sugarmills that built in 1838.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hadi|first=Lukman|title=Pabrik Gula di Sidoarjo Sudah Ada Jauh Sebelum Indonesia Merdeka - Surabaya Network|url=https://surabaya.jatimnetwork.com/surabaya/pr-521370910/pabrik-gula-di-sidoarjo-sudah-ada-jauh-sebelum-indonesia-merdeka|access-date=2021-12-09|website=Pabrik Gula di Sidoarjo Sudah Ada Jauh Sebelum Indonesia Merdeka - Surabaya Network|language=id}}</ref> Today, there are remain three sugarmills that still operated in Sidoarjo. Among this are New Candi Sugarmills that built in 1911, Krembung Sugarmills, and Watu Tulis Sugarmills. |
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=== Wind === |
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The highest ''sustained wind speed'' was 13 m/s, occurring on July 13; the highest ''daily mean wind speed'' was 9 m/s (July 13); and the highest wind ''gust speed'' was 19 m/s (February 4). |
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'''Tertiary Sector''' |
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The ''windiest month'' was October, with an average wind speed of 5 m/s. The ''least windy month'' was April, with an average wind speed of 3 m/s. |
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[[File:Wind speed windSpeed mps.png|center|frame|The daily low and high wind speed (light gray area) and the maximum daily wind gust speed (tiny blue dashes).]] |
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The main tertiary sectors in Sidoarjo are wholesaling and retailing, food services, education, and financial services. As Sidoarjo is getting more urbanized, the tertiary sector is predicted to grow significantly. The fastest growth in the tertiary sector is recording in experience-related services, such as food services (notably [[restaurant]], [[cafe]]) and [[Movie theater|movie theater]]. Education Services are also predicted to grow, as several [[Tutoring|private tutoring]] companies are opening a branch in Sidoarjo and private schools are gaining more students, due to increasingly population, income, and lack of capacity in [[state school]]s. |
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==Lapindo Mud flow== |
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{{main article|Sidoarjo mud flow}} |
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Since May 2006, more than 10,000 people in the [[Porong]] District have been displaced by the hot mud flowing from a [[natural gas]] well being drilled by Lapindo Brantas, an oil well company that is part of a conglomerate owned by Coordinating Minister for the People's Welfare [[Aburizal Bakrie]].<ref>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20061002.E01 The Jakarta Post: Bakrie name at stake] - URL retrieved October 13, 2006</ref> Gas and hot mud started spewing from the well on May 28, when the drill penetrated a layer of liquid sediment. Attempts to pump concrete down the well did not stop the flow. While some scientists have speculated that the [[2006 Yogyakarta earthquake|earthquake]] that struck [[Yogyakarta]] on May 27, the day before the well erupted, may have cracked the ground, creating potential pathways for the mud to reach the surface, others have suggested that the drilling procedure was faulty by not using a casing. This is likely to be incorrect as technical papers on the subject showed that there were up to four sets of casing installed and cemented in the well. Some 50,000 cubic metres of hot mud were erupting every day as of August; in September, the amount increased to some 125,000 cubic metres daily.<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/0,1518,441723,00.html Katastrophen: Sintflut aus Matsch (Spiegel Online, in German)] - URL retrieved October 13, 2006</ref> On September 26 barriers built to hold back the mud failed, resulting in the flooding of more villages. Gus Maksum, one of the thousands of Sidoarjo villagers displaced by the mud flow gives a detailed first-hand account of the first year of the disaster in his memoir ''Titanic Made By Lapindo''.<ref>[http://tenthousandthingsfromkyoto.blogspot.com/2010/05/sinking-of-sijoardo-industrial-mudflow.html Gus Maksum's ''Titanic Made By Lapindo'' spotlights Sidoarjo] - URL retrieved September 15, 2010</ref> As of late September 2006 scientists are saying that the eruption may be a [[mud volcano]] forming, and may be impossible to stop.<ref>[http://www.bioedonline.org/news/news.cfm?art=2755 Mud volcano floods Java] - URL retrieved September 28, 2006</ref><ref>[http://news.indahnesia.com/item/200609262/indonesia_mudflow_breaks_barriers_injures_six.php Indonesia mudflow breaks barriers, injures six] - URL retrieved September 28, 2006</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/06/world/asia/06mud.html?hp&ex=1160107200&en=5d507fd52480d308&ei=5094&partner=homepage New Indonesia Calamity: A Man-Made Mud Bath] - URL retrieved October 6, 2006</ref> |
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==Climate== |
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Sidoarjo has a [[tropical monsoon climate]] (Am) with moderate to little rainfall from May to November and heavy rainfall from December to April. |
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{{Weather box |
|||
|width = auto |
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| location = Sidoarjo |
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| metric first = Yes |
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| single line = Yes |
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| Jan high C = 30.8 |
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| Feb high C = 30.9 |
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| Mar high C = 31.1 |
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| Apr high C = 31.5 |
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| May high C = 31.6 |
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| Jun high C = 31.6 |
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| Jul high C = 31.4 |
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| Aug high C = 31.9 |
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| Sep high C = 32.5 |
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| Oct high C = 32.9 |
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| Nov high C = 32.6 |
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| Dec high C = 31.5 |
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| Jan mean C = 26.7 |
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| Feb mean C = 26.8 |
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| Mar mean C = 26.8 |
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| Apr mean C = 27.1 |
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| May mean C = 26.8 |
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| Jun mean C = 26.4 |
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| Jul mean C = 26.0 |
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| Aug mean C = 26.2 |
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| Sep mean C = 26.9 |
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| Oct mean C = 27.5 |
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| Nov mean C = 27.6 |
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| Dec mean C = 27.0 |
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| year mean C = |
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| Jan low C = 22.7 |
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| Feb low C = 22.7 |
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| Mar low C = 22.6 |
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| Apr low C = 22.7 |
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| May low C = 22.1 |
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| Jun low C = 21.3 |
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| Jul low C = 20.6 |
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| Aug low C = 20.6 |
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| Sep low C = 21.3 |
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| Oct low C = 22.2 |
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| Nov low C = 22.7 |
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| Dec low C = 22.6 |
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|rain colour=green |
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|Jan rain mm=303 |
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|Feb rain mm=296 |
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|Mar rain mm=268 |
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|Apr rain mm=174 |
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|May rain mm=116 |
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|Jun rain mm=66 |
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|Jul rain mm=40 |
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|Aug rain mm=10 |
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|Sep rain mm=7 |
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|Oct rain mm=30 |
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|Nov rain mm=110 |
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|Dec rain mm=232 |
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|source 1 = Climate-Data.org<ref>{{cite web |
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|url = https://en.climate-data.org/location/977155/ |
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|title = Climate: Sidoarjo |
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|publisher=Climate-Data.org |
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|access-date = 15 November 2020}}</ref> |
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}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
||
{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
||
{Culinary} |
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Sidoarjo has lots of worth to culinary tastes, from sour and spicy, to sweet culinary. Sour food in Sidoarjo can be described as a fruity dish called Rujak, and the most famous ones are Lontong Kupang, Sate Kerang, and Lontong Balap which are very spicy. And Klepon is a sweet dessert wrapped by a coconut zest. |
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{{E Java}} |
{{E Java}} |
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[[Category:Sidoarjo Regency| ]] |
[[Category:Sidoarjo Regency| ]] |
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[[Category:Brantas basin]] |
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Revision as of 00:48, 19 May 2024
Sidoarjo
Kabupaten Sidoarjo | |
|---|---|
| Sidoarjo Regency | |
 Seal | |
| Motto: Sidoarjo Bersih Hatinya | |
 Location within East Java | |
 Interactive map outlining Sidoarjo Regency | |
| Coordinates: 7°27′S 112°42′E / 7.450°S 112.700°E | |
| Land |  Indonesien |
| Province |  East Java |
| Capital | Sidoarjo |
| Regierung | |
| • Regent | Subandi |
| • Vice Regent | Vacant |
| Area | |
| • Total | 714.24 km2 (275.77 sq mi) |
| Population (mid 2023 estimate)[1] | |
| • Total | 1,996,825 |
| • Density | 2,800/km2 (7,200/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (IWST) |
| Area code | (+62) 31 |
| Website | sidoarjokab.go.id |
..jpg)
Sidoarjo Regency (Javanese: ꦑꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦢꦲꦂꦗ, romanized: Kabupatèn Sidaharja) is a regency in East Java, Indonesia. It is bordered by Surabaya City and Gresik Regency to the north, by Pasuruan Regency to the south, by Mojokerto Regency to the west, and by the Madura Strait to the east. It has a land area of 719.34 km2, making it the smallest regency in East Java,[2] although it contains many of the southern suburbs of Surabaya and has a high population density.
As at the 2010 census, Sidoarjo Regency had a population of 2,191,489[3] while the 2020 census showed a small decline to 2,033,760,[4] notably in the northern part of the regency immediately bordering Surabaya; the official estimate as at mid-2023 showed a further decline to 1,996,825 (comprising 1,000,067 males and 996,758 females).[1] The regency is part of the urban region surrounding Surabaya, known as the 'Gerbangkertosusila' area.[5]
Administrative districts
The Sidoarjo Regency is divided into eighteen administrative districts (kecamatan). The districts are tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 census[3] and the 2020 census,[4] together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.[1] The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 322 rural desa and 31 urban kelurahan), and its post code.
| Kode Wilayah |
Name of District (kecamatan) |
Area in km2 |
Pop'n census 2010 |
Pop'n census 2020 |
Pop'n estimate mid 2023 |
Admin centre |
No. of villages |
Post code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 35.15.01 | Tarik | 36.06 | 61,032 | 69,189 | 67,458 | Mergosari | 20 | 61265 |
| 35.15.02 | Prambon | 34.22 | 68,576 | 79,952 | 78,460 | Prambon | 20 | 61264 |
| 35.15.03 | Krembung | 29.55 | 58,336 | 69,887 | 68,402 | Mojoruntul | 19 | 61275 |
| 35.15.04 | Porong | 29.82 | 64,390 | 73,446 | 70,170 | Juwetkenongo | 19 (a) | 61274 |
| 35.15.05 | Jabon | 81.00 | 49,567 | 56,266 | 55,153 | Dukuhsari | 15 | 61276 |
| 35.15.06 | Tanggulangin | 32.29 | 83,304 | 89,804 | 87,161 | Kalitengah | 19 | 61272 |
| 35.15.07 | Candi | 40.67 | 145,155 | 153,423 | 153,922 | Gelam | 24 | 61271 |
| 35.15.09 | Tulangan | 31.21 | 84,582 | 102,339 | 101,177 | Kenongo | 22 | 61273 |
| 35.15.10 | Wonoayu | 33.92 | 71,822 | 85,586 | 83,764 | Wonoayu | 23 | 61261 |
| 35.15.14 | Sukodono | 32.68 | 110,596 | 121,859 | 121,954 | Anggaswangi | 19 | 61216 - 61258 |
| 35.15.08 | Sidoarjo | 62.56 | 193,469 | 201,120 | 197,756 | Sidokumpul | 24 (b) | 61212 - 61234 |
| 35.15.15 | Buduran | 41.03 | 91,931 | 98,710 | 98,999 | Banjarkemantren | 15 | 61252 |
| 35.15.17 | Sedati | 79.43 | 92,786 | 96,636 | 95,277 | Pulungan | 16 | 61253 |
| 35.15.18 | Waru | 30.32 | 231,309 | 200,754 | 194,084 | Janti | 17 | 61256 |
| 35.15.16 | Gedangan | 24.06 | 132,971 | 120,003 | 118,338 | Keboansikep | 15 | 61254 |
| 35.15.13 | Taman | 31.54 | 213,224 | 207,815 | 200,405 | Bebekan | 24 (c) | 61212 - 61257 |
| 35.15.11 | Krian | 32.50 | 131,281 | 130,930 | 130,412 | Kraton | 22 (d) | 61262 |
| 35.15.12 | Balongbendo | 31.40 | 66,841 | 76,050 | 73,933 | Wonokupang | 20 | 61263 |
| Totals | 714.24 | 2,191,489 | 2,033,764 | 1,996,825 | Sidoarjo | 353 |
Notes: (a) comprising 6 kelurahan (Gedang, Jatirejo, Juwetkenongo, Mindi, Porong and Siring) and 13 desa.
(b) comprising 14 kelurahan (Bulusidokare, Celep, Cemengkalang, Gebang, Lemahputro, Magersari, Pekauman, Pucang,
Pucanganom, Sekardangan, Sidokare, Sidoklumpuk, Sidokumpul and Urangagung) and 8 desa.
(c) comprising 8 kelurahan (Bebekan, Geluran, Kalijaten, Ketegan, Ngelom, Sepanjang, Taman and Wonocolo) and 16 desa.
(d) including 3 kelurahan (Kemasan, Krian and Tambak Kemerakan).
Economy
As a satellite region and part of Greater Surabaya, the Sidoarjo economy is valued at 197.24 Trillion IDR in 2020 and is the second-largest[6] in East Java after Surabaya.
Primary Sector
Although Sidoarjo Regency's land area is relatively small and densely populated, the primary sector still maintains a role in Sidoarjo's economy. Agriculture is mainly produced in the western and southwestern parts of Sidoarjo Tulangan District, Krembung District, and Balongbendo District. During the colonial era, Sidoarjo was famous for sugarcane production and it hosted several sugar mills owned by the Colonial government. After Independence, the Indonesian government nationalised all sugar mills in Sidoarjo. The sugarcane production sector peaked in the 70s and gradually declined since then, due to inflows of manufacturing investment and rapid urbanization that reduced the sugarcane planting area. Today, crops that still produced in Sidoarjo are Rice, Banana, Papaya, Cassava, and several lowland vegetables.
Fisheries also still maintain a role. In the past, Sidoarjo was known as a fishing town, but the fishing sector was slowly declining as Sidoarjo became more urbanized. Today, fishing has been replaced by aquaculture as the main source of fish in Sidoarjo. Highly productive aquaculture is mainly produced in the eastern part of Sidoarjo Regency, and the main product is Milkfish and farmed shrimp which are mostly exported to the US and Japan. Sidoarjo is also famous for its processed fishery products, such as prawn cracker, fish cracker, shrimp paste and petis.
The mining sector could be neglected as it contributes very little to Sidoarjo economy. The main mining sector is natural gas, which is produced in Porong District. There are also several sand miners that operate in Jabon District.
Secondary Sector
Manufacturing is a main sector of the Sidoarjo economy with a contribution of nearly 40%. Sidoarjo manufacturing production is diversified and ranges from furniture to electronics products. There are numerous manufacturing plants in Sidoarjo. Among this are : Jatim Taman Steel (Steel Manufacturer), Avian (Paints and building material), Tunggal Djaja (Paints Production), Maspion (Household durable goods), Japfa Comfeed (Feedmills and poultry), Interbat (Pharmaceuticals), Integra (Furniture), Tjiwi Kimia (Paper), Kimberly-Clark's Softex (Non-durable consumer goods), Unicharm (Non-durable consumer goods), Polygon Bikes (Bikes), Alumindo (Aluminium products), Sekar Group (Food processing), Hisamitsu (Pharmaceutical), Lighting Solutions (Lamp), ECCO (Footwear), Samator (Industrial gas and chemicals), Bernofarm (Pharmaceutical), Muntjul Diamond (Vehicle body), Charoen Pokphand (Agribusiness) and many more.
There are thousands small and medium manufacturers established in Sidoarjo. Garments, Food Processing, Footwear, Apparel, and Furniture are products that usually produced by small and medium manufacturers in Sidoarjo. Many small and medium manufacturers produces Traditional Herbs, Machinery, Packaging, and Metal products.
During colonial era, there are ten sugarmills in Sidoarjo and the oldest is Watu Tulis Sugarmills that built in 1838.[7] Today, there are remain three sugarmills that still operated in Sidoarjo. Among this are New Candi Sugarmills that built in 1911, Krembung Sugarmills, and Watu Tulis Sugarmills.
Tertiary Sector
The main tertiary sectors in Sidoarjo are wholesaling and retailing, food services, education, and financial services. As Sidoarjo is getting more urbanized, the tertiary sector is predicted to grow significantly. The fastest growth in the tertiary sector is recording in experience-related services, such as food services (notably restaurant, cafe) and movie theater. Education Services are also predicted to grow, as several private tutoring companies are opening a branch in Sidoarjo and private schools are gaining more students, due to increasingly population, income, and lack of capacity in state schools.
Lapindo Mud flow
Since May 2006, more than 10,000 people in the Porong District have been displaced by the hot mud flowing from a natural gas well being drilled by Lapindo Brantas, an oil well company that is part of a conglomerate owned by Coordinating Minister for the People's Welfare Aburizal Bakrie.[8] Gas and hot mud started spewing from the well on May 28, when the drill penetrated a layer of liquid sediment. Attempts to pump concrete down the well did not stop the flow. While some scientists have speculated that the earthquake that struck Yogyakarta on May 27, the day before the well erupted, may have cracked the ground, creating potential pathways for the mud to reach the surface, others have suggested that the drilling procedure was faulty by not using a casing. This is likely to be incorrect as technical papers on the subject showed that there were up to four sets of casing installed and cemented in the well. Some 50,000 cubic metres of hot mud were erupting every day as of August; in September, the amount increased to some 125,000 cubic metres daily.[9] On September 26 barriers built to hold back the mud failed, resulting in the flooding of more villages. Gus Maksum, one of the thousands of Sidoarjo villagers displaced by the mud flow gives a detailed first-hand account of the first year of the disaster in his memoir Titanic Made By Lapindo.[10] As of late September 2006 scientists are saying that the eruption may be a mud volcano forming, and may be impossible to stop.[11][12][13]
Climate
Sidoarjo has a tropical monsoon climate (Am) with moderate to little rainfall from May to November and heavy rainfall from December to April.
| Climate data for Sidoarjo | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.8 (87.4) |
30.9 (87.6) |
31.1 (88.0) |
31.5 (88.7) |
31.6 (88.9) |
31.6 (88.9) |
31.4 (88.5) |
31.9 (89.4) |
32.5 (90.5) |
32.9 (91.2) |
32.6 (90.7) |
31.5 (88.7) |
31.7 (89.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.7 (80.1) |
26.8 (80.2) |
26.8 (80.2) |
27.1 (80.8) |
26.8 (80.2) |
26.4 (79.5) |
26.0 (78.8) |
26.2 (79.2) |
26.9 (80.4) |
27.5 (81.5) |
27.6 (81.7) |
27.0 (80.6) |
26.8 (80.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.7 (72.9) |
22.7 (72.9) |
22.6 (72.7) |
22.7 (72.9) |
22.1 (71.8) |
21.3 (70.3) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.6 (69.1) |
21.3 (70.3) |
22.2 (72.0) |
22.7 (72.9) |
22.6 (72.7) |
22.0 (71.6) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 303 (11.9) |
296 (11.7) |
268 (10.6) |
174 (6.9) |
116 (4.6) |
66 (2.6) |
40 (1.6) |
10 (0.4) |
7 (0.3) |
30 (1.2) |
110 (4.3) |
232 (9.1) |
1,652 (65.2) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org[14] | |||||||||||||
References
- ^ a b c Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Kabupaten Sidoarjo Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3515)
- ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023, Kabupaten Sidoarjo Dalam Angka 2023 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3515)
- ^ a b Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
- ^ a b Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
- ^ Mega Urbanization Archived 2007-10-06 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Perekonomian Kota Surabaya Terbesar di Jawa Timur pada 2020 | Databoks". databoks.katadata.co.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-12-09.
- ^ Hadi, Lukman. "Pabrik Gula di Sidoarjo Sudah Ada Jauh Sebelum Indonesia Merdeka - Surabaya Network". Pabrik Gula di Sidoarjo Sudah Ada Jauh Sebelum Indonesia Merdeka - Surabaya Network (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-12-09.
- ^ The Jakarta Post: Bakrie name at stake - URL retrieved October 13, 2006
- ^ Katastrophen: Sintflut aus Matsch (Spiegel Online, in German) - URL retrieved October 13, 2006
- ^ Gus Maksum's Titanic Made By Lapindo spotlights Sidoarjo - URL retrieved September 15, 2010
- ^ Mud volcano floods Java - URL retrieved September 28, 2006
- ^ Indonesia mudflow breaks barriers, injures six - URL retrieved September 28, 2006
- ^ New Indonesia Calamity: A Man-Made Mud Bath - URL retrieved October 6, 2006
- ^ "Climate: Sidoarjo". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
{Culinary} Sidoarjo has lots of worth to culinary tastes, from sour and spicy, to sweet culinary. Sour food in Sidoarjo can be described as a fruity dish called Rujak, and the most famous ones are Lontong Kupang, Sate Kerang, and Lontong Balap which are very spicy. And Klepon is a sweet dessert wrapped by a coconut zest.
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