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{{Short description|Ukrainian bishop and patriarch}}
{{Short description|Ukrainian bishop and patriarch}}
{{more footnotes|date=January 2013}}
{{more footnotes|date=January 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type =
| type =
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| honorific-suffix =
| honorific-suffix =
| native_name = Володимир І
| native_name = Володимир І
| native_name_lang =
| native_name_lang = uk
| title = Holiest Patriarch of Kyiv and all Ruthenia-Ukraine
| title = Holiest Patriarch of Kyiv and all Rus-Ukraine
| image = Мемориальная доска патриарху Владимиру на Свято-Покровской церкви на Подоле.jpg
| image =
| image_size =
| image_size =
| alt =
| alt =
| caption = Memorial plaque to Patriarch Volodymyr on the facade of the Holy Protection Church in Kyiv
| caption =
| church = [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyivan Patriarchate|Ukrainian Orthodox Church]]
| church = [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyivan Patriarchate|Ukrainian Orthodox Church]]
| archdiocese =
| archdiocese =
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The Orders section may be omitted in favour of Template:Ordination for those
The Orders section may be omitted in favour of Template:Ordination for those
clergy claiming Apostolic succession, such as Catholics, Orthodox and Anglicans. ---------->
clergy claiming Apostolic succession, such as Catholics, Orthodox and Anglicans. ---------->
| ordination =
| ordination = 28 April 1990
| ordained_by =
| ordained_by =[[Ioan (Bodnarchuk)]]
| consecration =29 April 1990
| consecration =29 April 1990
| consecrated_by =[[Ioan (Bodnarchuk)]]
| consecrated_by =[[Ioan (Bodnarchuk)]]
| cardinal =
| created_cardinal_by =
| rank =
| rank =
<!---------- Personal details ---------->
<!---------- Personal details ---------->
| birth_name = Vasyl Omelianovych Romanyuk
| birth_name = Vasyl Omelianovych Romaniuk
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1925|12|10|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1925|12|9|df=y}}
| birth_place = Khymchyn, Kosiv county, [[Stanisławów Voivodeship]], [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]]
| birth_place = {{ill|Khimchyn|lt=Chomczyn|uk|Хімчин}}, [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]] (now Khimchyn, Ukraine)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1995|07|14|1925|12|10|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1995|07|14|1925|12|9|df=y}}
| death_place = Botanic Garden, [[Kyiv]], [[Ukraine]]
| death_place = Botanic Garden, [[Kyiv]], [[Ukraine]]
| buried = Sofia Square (Sofiyivska plochsha), Kyiv
| buried = Sofia Square (Sofiyivska plochsha), Kyiv
| nationality = Ukrainian
| nationality = Ukrainian
| religion = Eastern Orthodox
| religion = Eastern Orthodox
| residence =
| parents =
| spouse = Maria Antonyuk
| spouse = Maria Antonyuk
| children = Taras Romaniuk
| children = Taras Romaniuk
| occupation =
| profession =
| previous_post =
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Moscow Theological Academy]]
| alma_mater = [[Moscow Theological Academy]]
| motto =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| coat_of_arms =
| coat_of_arms_alt =
<!---------- Sainthood ---------->
| feast_day =
| venerated =
| saint_title =
| beatified_date =
| beatified_place =
| beatified_by =
| canonized_date =
| canonized_place =
| canonized_by =
| attributes =
| patronage =
| shrine =
| suppressed_date =
<!---------- Other ---------->
| other =
}}
}}
'''Volodymyr''' ([[secular name]] '''Vasyl Omelianovych Romaniuk''', {{lang-uk|Василь Омелянович Романюк}}; December 10, 1925, [[Kosiv Raion|Khymchyn]] – July 14, 1995, [[Kyiv]]) was the [[Patriarch]] of the [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate]]. Initially consecrated as a bishop of the [[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]] by bishop [[Ioan (Bodnarchuk)|Ioan]] in 1990, Volodymyr became one of the founders of the united [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kyiv Patriarchate|Ukrainian Orthodox Church]] in June 1992.
'''Volodymyr''' ([[secular name]] '''Vasyl Omelianovych Romaniuk'''{{family name footnote|Omelianovych|Romaniuk|lang=Eastern Slavic}}, {{lang-uk|Василь Омелянович Романюк}}; 9 December 1925 – 14 July 1995) was a Ukrainian Eastern Orthodox priest and human rights activist who was Patriarch of the [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate]] from its founding until his death. Prior to becoming patriarch, he had been a [[prisoner of conscience]] and one of the leaders of the [[Ukrainian Helsinki Group]].


==Biography==
== Biography ==
Vasyl Omelianovych Romaniuk was born on 9 December 1925 into a [[Hutsuls|Hutsul]] family in the village of {{ill|Khimchyn|uk|Хімчин}}, in what was then the [[Second Polish Republic]]. During World War II, he studied at [[Kosiv]] within the [[General Government]] and was a member of the [[Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists]] operating underground in opposition to the German occupation. Following the recapture of Kosiv by the [[Red Army]], Romaniuk was arrested for his nationalist activities on 12 July 1944. His family was deported to Siberia while he was sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment. He served out his sentence in [[Poltava Oblast]].<ref name="Melnyk">{{Cite web |last=Melnyk |first=Ihor |date=18 July 2015 |title=Кривавий похорон Патріарха |trans-title=The Patriarch's bloody funeral |url=https://zbruc.eu/node/38894 |access-date=10 March 2024 |website=Zbruč |language=uk}}</ref>
⚫
He was an ex-political (member of [[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists|OUN]]) prisoner who was imprisoned by communist Soviets for 17 years (1944&ndash;1954, 1972&ndash;1979). In 1979 he became a member of the [[Ukrainian Helsinki Group]], was exiled from 1979 till 1982, and became a political emigrant at the end of the 1980s. On July 1, 1976 Volodymyr renounced his Soviet citizenship.<ref>Krainiy, I. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150415070045/http://www.umoloda.kiev.ua/number/1798/169/63818/ Archipoor youth of Patriarch]''. (in Ukrainian; archived 15 April 2015) "Ukrayina Moloda", accessed 25 June 2022</ref>


Romaniuk was again imprisoned during the [[1972–1973 Ukrainian purge]] and sentenced to ten years' imprisonment for [[anti-Soviet agitation]]. He was recognised as a [[prisoner of conscience]] by [[Amnesty International]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Prisoners of Conscience in the USSR: Their Treatment and Conditions |publisher=[[Amnesty International]] |year=1975 |isbn=0-86210-006-2 |location=London |pages=30}}</ref>
⚫
Between 1987–1990, Vasyl Romaniuk lived in [[Canada]] and was a priest of the [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada]]. Also he served under the [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA]], whose Metropolitan was Metropolitan Mstyslav (later Patriarch of Kyiv). In 1990 with the onset of [[Perestroyka]] he returned to [[Ukraine]] and became [[Bishop]] of [[Uzhgorod]] and [[Vynohradiv]]. For a short period, he was [[Archbishop]] of [[Lviv]] and [[Sokal]]. In 1993, by the [[decree]] of [[Patriarch Mstyslav (Skrypnyk)]] he was [[excommunicated]]{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}} for accepting [[ordination]] from [[Patriarch Filaret (Mykhailo Denysenko)|Metropolitan Filaret (Denysenko)]].


⚫
In 1979 he became a member of the [[Ukrainian Helsinki Group]], was exiled from 1979 till 1982, and became a political emigrant at the end of the 1980s. On 1 July 1976 Volodymyr renounced his Soviet citizenship.<ref>Krainiy, I. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150415070045/http://www.umoloda.kiev.ua/number/1798/169/63818/ Архібідняцька юність Патріарха]''. (in Ukrainian; archived 15 April 2015) "Ukrayina Moloda", accessed 25 June 2022</ref>
⚫
On October 22, 1993 he was elected [[Patriarch]] of the [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate]].
On July 14, 1995 Patriarch Volodymyr (Romaniuk) suddenly died under somewhat mysterious circumstances, with the official diagnosis being causes related to a [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]].{{citation needed|date=April 2014}}


⚫
Between 1987 and 1990, Vasyl Romaniuk lived in Canada and was a priest of the [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada]]. He also served under the [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA]], whose Metropolitan was Metropolitan Mstyslav (later Patriarch of Kyiv). In 1990 with the onset of [[Perestroyka]] and movement for revival of the [[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]], he returned to [[Ukraine]].
⚫
Volodymyr's burial, on July 18, 1995, turned into a riot.<ref> Rupert, James. ''Washington Post,'' [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1995/07/23/ukraine-patriarchs-unruly-burial-brings-church-state-ties-to-a-low/b4111c4d-bb5d-4b24-9bf6-1647687fc915/ "Ukraine Patriarch's Unruly Burial Brings Church-State Ties to a Low"] , accessed 20 April 2023.</ref> The government, which controlled [[Saint Sophia's Cathedral, Kyiv|Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv]], refused a request from the Ukrainian Orthodox Church to bury him on the cathedral's grounds, so church officials, flanked by uniformed paramilitary guards of the [[UNA-UNSO]] nationalist movement, hammered through the sidewalk outside the cathedral gates and buried him there. Riot [[police]] attacked the assembly and fighting with Volodymyr's supporters left 70 people injured, and two people dead{{Citation needed|date=October 2007}}. Many [[religious]] and [[worship|faithful]] later called the event ''Black Tuesday''.

In April of 1990 he was tonsured as an archimandrite selecting name of Volodymyr and next day consecrated as [[Bishop]] of [[Uzhhorod]] and [[Vynohradiv]]. His [[ordination|cheirotonia]] was carried out by Metropolitan of Lviv and Galicia [[Ioann (Bodnarchuk)]], bishop of Ternopil and Buchach Basil (Bondarchuk), bishop of Ivano-Frankivsk Andrew (Abramchuk), bishop of Chernivtsi Daniel (Kovalchuk). His speedy consecration of bishop was not something special and similar method was widely practiced in the [[Russian Orthodox Church]].

For a short period, he was [[Archbishop]] of [[Lviv]] and [[Sokal]].

⚫
On 22 October 1993 he was elected [[Patriarch]] of the [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate]].

== Death and funeral ==
{{main|Death and funeral of Patriarch Volodymyr of Kyiv}}
On 14 July 1995 Patriarch Volodymyr suddenly died under somewhat mysterious circumstances, with the official diagnosis being causes related to a heart attack.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}}<ref name="youtube">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BmN98bytcgs |title="Чорний вівторок" : Похорон Патріарха Володимира - YouTube |author= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=11 January 2024}}</ref>

⚫
Volodymyr's burial, on 18 July 1995, turned into a riot.<ref> Rupert, James. ''Washington Post,'' [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1995/07/23/ukraine-patriarchs-unruly-burial-brings-church-state-ties-to-a-low/b4111c4d-bb5d-4b24-9bf6-1647687fc915/ "Ukraine Patriarch's Unruly Burial Brings Church-State Ties to a Low"], accessed 20 April 2023.</ref> The [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)]], which controlled [[Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv|Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv]] (with support from the [[Leonid Kuchma|Kuchma]] Ukrainian Government), refused a request from the Kyiv Patriarchate Orthodox Church to bury him on the cathedral's grounds. Kyiv Patriarchate officials, flanked and supported by uniformed paramilitary guards of the [[UNA-UNSO]] nationalist movement, broke through the sidewalk asphalt outside the cathedral gates and buried him there. The [[Berkut (special police force)|Berkut]] riot police came out from the gates of the Cathedral and attacked the assembly and fighting with Volodymyr's supporters left about 70 people injured. Although an official inquiry was later made, no prosecutions were made. Many religious faithful later called the event Black Tuesday.<ref name="youtube"/><ref name="Melnyk"/>


Patriarch Volodymyr (Romaniuk) was succeeded by [[Patriarch Filaret (Mykhailo Denysenko)|Metropolitan Filaret (Denysenko)]] who was enthroned as [[Patriarch]] of [[Kyiv]] and All [[Etymology of Rus and derivatives|Rus’]] - [[Ukraine]] on October 22, 1995.
Patriarch Volodymyr (Romaniuk) was succeeded by [[Patriarch Filaret (Mykhailo Denysenko)|Metropolitan Filaret (Denysenko)]] who was enthroned as [[Patriarch]] of [[Kyiv]] and All [[Etymology of Rus and derivatives|Rus’]] - [[Ukraine]] on October 22, 1995.


==References==
== Awards ==
* [[Order for Courage|Order for Courage 1st class]] (8 November 2006).<ref>Decree of the President of Ukraine from 8 листопада 2006 year №&nbsp;937/2006 [https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/937/2006 «Про відзначення державними нагородами України засновників та активістів Української Громадської Групи сприяння виконанню Гельсінкських угод»] {{in lang|uk}}</ref>
{{Reflist}}

== Notes ==
{{noteslist}}

== References ==
<references />


==External links==
== External links ==
*[http://www.risu.org.ua Religious Information Service of Ukraine]
*[http://www.risu.org.ua Religious Information Service of Ukraine]
*[http://www.firstthings.com/ftissues/ft9703/articles/gregory.html ''Joseph R. Gregory'' Ukraine: Christians in Conflict]
*[http://www.firstthings.com/ftissues/ft9703/articles/gregory.html ''Joseph R. Gregory'' Ukraine: Christians in Conflict]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wU9elI9uJBU Video about Patriarch Volodymyr].
*{{youtube|wU9elI9uJBU|Video about Patriarch Volodymyr}} {{inlang|uk}}


{{S-start}}
{{S-start}}
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{{succession box|title=Bishop of Uzhhorod and Vynohradiv <br/> ([[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]])|before= |after= |years=1990&ndash;1991}}
{{succession box|title=Bishop of Uzhhorod and Vynohradiv <br/> ([[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]])|before= |after= |years=1990&ndash;1991}}
{{S-end}}
{{S-end}}
{{Metropolitans of Kyiv}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Volodymyr}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Volodymyr, Patriarch of Kyiv}}
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:1995 deaths]]
[[Category:1995 deaths]]
[[Category:Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:People from Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast]]
⚫
[[Category:Primates of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Kyiv Patriarchate)]]
[[Category:Burials in Kyiv by place]]
[[Category:Burials in Kyiv by place]]
[[Category:Victims of human rights abuses]]
[[Category:Chevaliers of the Order For Courage, 1st class]]
[[Category:Soviet human rights activists]]
[[Category:Clergy from Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast]]
[[Category:Clergy removed from office]]
[[Category:Clergy removed from office]]
[[Category:Ukrainian Helsinki Group]]
[[Category:Hutsuls]]
⚫
[[Category:Primates of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Kyiv Patriarchate)]]
[[Category:Soviet human rights activists]]
[[Category:Soviet dissidents]]
[[Category:Soviet dissidents]]
[[Category:Ukrainian Helsinki Group]]

[[Category:Victims of human rights abuses]]


{{EasternOrthodoxy-bishop-stub}}
{{EasternOrthodoxy-bishop-stub}}

Revision as of 03:53, 19 May 2024

Volodymyr I
Holiest Patriarch of Kyiv and all Rus-Ukraine
Memorial plaque to Patriarch Volodymyr on the facade of the Holy Protection Church in Kyiv
Native name
Володимир І
ChurchUkrainian Orthodox Church
SeeKyivan Patriarchate
Elected22 October 1993 (by All-Ukrainian Orthodox Assembly)
Installed24 October 1993 (at Saint Sophia's Cathedral)
Term ended14 July 1995
PredecessorMstyslav
SuccessorFilaret
Other post(s)
  • Locum tenens of Patriarchal throne, Metropolitan (1993)
  • Archbishop of Lviv and Sokal (Lviv diocese, 1993)
Orders
Ordination28 April 1990
by Ioan (Bodnarchuk)
Consecration29 April 1990
by Ioan (Bodnarchuk)
Personal details
Born
Vasyl Omelianovych Romaniuk

(1925-12-09)9 December 1925
Chomczyn [uk], Poland (now Khimchyn, Ukraine)
Died14 July 1995(1995-07-14) (aged 69)
Botanic Garden, Kyiv, Ukraine
BuriedSofia Square (Sofiyivska plochsha), Kyiv
NationalityUkrainian
DenominationEastern Orthodox
SpouseMaria Antonyuk
ChildrenTaras Romaniuk
Alma materMoscow Theological Academy

Volodymyr (secular name Vasyl Omelianovych Romaniuk[a], Ukrainian: Василь Омелянович Романюк; 9 December 1925 – 14 July 1995) was a Ukrainian Eastern Orthodox priest and human rights activist who was Patriarch of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate from its founding until his death. Prior to becoming patriarch, he had been a prisoner of conscience and one of the leaders of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group.

Biography

Vasyl Omelianovych Romaniuk was born on 9 December 1925 into a Hutsul family in the village of Khimchyn [uk], in what was then the Second Polish Republic. During World War II, he studied at Kosiv within the General Government and was a member of the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists operating underground in opposition to the German occupation. Following the recapture of Kosiv by the Red Army, Romaniuk was arrested for his nationalist activities on 12 July 1944. His family was deported to Siberia while he was sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment. He served out his sentence in Poltava Oblast.[1]

Romaniuk was again imprisoned during the 1972–1973 Ukrainian purge and sentenced to ten years' imprisonment for anti-Soviet agitation. He was recognised as a prisoner of conscience by Amnesty International.[2]

In 1979 he became a member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group, was exiled from 1979 till 1982, and became a political emigrant at the end of the 1980s. On 1 July 1976 Volodymyr renounced his Soviet citizenship.[3]

Between 1987 and 1990, Vasyl Romaniuk lived in Canada and was a priest of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada. He also served under the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA, whose Metropolitan was Metropolitan Mstyslav (later Patriarch of Kyiv). In 1990 with the onset of Perestroyka and movement for revival of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church, he returned to Ukraine.

In April of 1990 he was tonsured as an archimandrite selecting name of Volodymyr and next day consecrated as Bishop of Uzhhorod and Vynohradiv. His cheirotonia was carried out by Metropolitan of Lviv and Galicia Ioann (Bodnarchuk), bishop of Ternopil and Buchach Basil (Bondarchuk), bishop of Ivano-Frankivsk Andrew (Abramchuk), bishop of Chernivtsi Daniel (Kovalchuk). His speedy consecration of bishop was not something special and similar method was widely practiced in the Russian Orthodox Church.

For a short period, he was Archbishop of Lviv and Sokal.

On 22 October 1993 he was elected Patriarch of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate.

Death and funeral

Main article: Death and funeral of Patriarch Volodymyr of Kyiv

On 14 July 1995 Patriarch Volodymyr suddenly died under somewhat mysterious circumstances, with the official diagnosis being causes related to a heart attack.[citation needed][4]

Volodymyr's burial, on 18 July 1995, turned into a riot.[5] The Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate), which controlled Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv (with support from the Kuchma Ukrainian Government), refused a request from the Kyiv Patriarchate Orthodox Church to bury him on the cathedral's grounds. Kyiv Patriarchate officials, flanked and supported by uniformed paramilitary guards of the UNA-UNSO nationalist movement, broke through the sidewalk asphalt outside the cathedral gates and buried him there. The Berkut riot police came out from the gates of the Cathedral and attacked the assembly and fighting with Volodymyr's supporters left about 70 people injured. Although an official inquiry was later made, no prosecutions were made. Many religious faithful later called the event Black Tuesday.[4][1]

Patriarch Volodymyr (Romaniuk) was succeeded by Metropolitan Filaret (Denysenko) who was enthroned as Patriarch of Kyiv and All Rus’ - Ukraine on October 22, 1995.

Awards

Notes

  1. ^ In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Omelianovych and the family name is Romaniuk.

References

  1. ^ a b Melnyk, Ihor (18 July 2015). "Кривавий похорон Патріарха" [The Patriarch's bloody funeral]. Zbruč (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  2. ^ Prisoners of Conscience in the USSR: Their Treatment and Conditions. London: Amnesty International. 1975. p. 30. ISBN 0-86210-006-2.
  3. ^ Krainiy, I. Архібідняцька юність Патріарха. (in Ukrainian; archived 15 April 2015) "Ukrayina Moloda", accessed 25 June 2022
  4. ^ a b ""Чорний вівторок" : Похорон Патріарха Володимира - YouTube". Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  5. ^ Rupert, James. Washington Post, "Ukraine Patriarch's Unruly Burial Brings Church-State Ties to a Low", accessed 20 April 2023.
  6. ^ Decree of the President of Ukraine from 8 листопада 2006 year № 937/2006 «Про відзначення державними нагородами України засновників та активістів Української Громадської Групи сприяння виконанню Гельсінкських угод» (in Ukrainian)
Preceded by Patriarch of Kyiv and all Rus-Ukraine
(Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyivan Patriarchate)
1993–1995 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Polikarp (Pakholyuk)
 Metropolitan of Chernihiv and Sumy
(Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyivan Patriarchate)
1993 		Succeeded by
Varlaam (Pylypyshyn)
Preceded by
 Archbishop of Lviv and Sokal
(Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyivan Patriarchate)
1993 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
 Archbishop of Bila Tserkva
(vicar of Kyiv Eparchy)
(Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church)
1991–1993 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
 Bishop of Uzhhorod and Vynohradiv
(Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church)
1990–1991 		Succeeded by

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