John Cramer (Australian politician): Difference between revisions

The Honourable
Sir John Cramer
The Honourable Sir John Cramer
	Cramer in 1971
Minister for the Army
	In office; 28 February 1956 – 18 December 1963
Preceded by	Eric Harrison
Succeeded by	Dr. Jim Forbes
Member of the Australian Parliament; for Bennelong
	In office; 10 December 1949 – 11 April 1974
Preceded by	Division created
Succeeded by	John Howard
Mayor of North Sydney
	In office; 20 December 1939 – 6 December 1941
Deputy	George Fowle
Preceded by	James Stanton
Succeeded by	George Fowle
Personal details
Born	John Oscar Cramer; 18 February 1896; Quirindi, New South Wales
Died	18 May 1994 (aged 98); Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Political party	Liberal
Spouse	Mary Therese Earls (m. 1922; died 1984)

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Sir John Oscar Cramer (18 February 1896 – 18 May 1994) was an Australian businessman and politician. He was a member of the Liberal Party and served in federal parliament from 1949 to 1974, representing the seat of Bennelong. He served as Minister for the Army in the Menzies government from 1956 to 1963. He was also mayor of North Sydney from 1939 to 1941.

Early life[edit]

Cramer was born on 18 February 1896 at Jacob and Joseph Creek near Quirindi, New South Wales. He was the fourth of six children born to Emily Eleanor (née Cullen) and John Nicholas Cramer; his mother was of Scottish and Irish descent and his father of German descent.^[1]

Cramer grew up on his father's farm, attending Gaspard Public School until the age of fourteen. He assisted his father with farm work and later managed a fruit shop in Quirindi. In 1917 he moved to Sydney and began working as a clerk with Paramount Pictures. He and his brother Charles were talented musicians and singers and provided musical accompaniment to silent films. In 1920, they established a real estate firm, Cramer Bros., with an office at Crows Nest in North Sydney. Later joined by another brother, Reg, they achieved success through several business ventures including a syndicate subdividing land in Willoughby and a partnership in a building firm specialising in apartment blocks.^[1]

Early political involvement[edit]

Cramer became active in politics during the Great Depression, joining the All for Australia League which was later incorporated into the United Australia Party (UAP). After the collapse of the UAP in the early 1940s he joined the Democratic Party and was an unsuccessful candidate in the seat of Lane Cove at the 1944 New South Wales state election. He was subsequently involved in the formation of the Liberal Party of Australia (New South Wales Division) and was elected to the party's provisional executive in January 1945.^[1]

In 1931, Cramer was elected to the North Sydney Municipal Council in 1931.^[1] He was elected as mayor of North Sydney in 1939 and served until his defeat as an alderman at the December 1941 municipal elections.^[2]^[3] From 1935 to 1956, Cramer served on the Sydney County Council (3rd/4th Constituency).^[4] In 1939 and 1945, he was elected Deputy Chairman, and was later elected for three terms as Chairman of the County Council (1946–1947; 1948–1950).^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

Federal politics[edit]

He was elected to the House of Representatives as the inaugural representative of the seat of Bennelong on its creation in 1949. In 1956, the Prime Minister Robert Menzies appointed him Minister for the Army, a portfolio he held until 1963.^[11]^[12]

On 23 January 1956, on his appointment as army minister Cramer resigned his 4th Constituency seat on the county council.^[13]^[14]

Cramer was the only Catholic in the Liberal Party parliamentary team, a fact Menzies would often joke about.^[15]

In 1964 he was created a Knight Bachelor.^[16] He announced his retirement from politics in November 1973,^[17] and was succeeded by future prime minister John Howard at the MP for Bennelong at the 1974 election. He died on 18 May 1994, aged 98. Cramer had been the last serving parliamentarian born before Federation, and he was the last surviving former MP who was born in the 19th century.^[18]

Personal life[edit]

In 1922 he married Mary Therese Earls, a teacher, and his elder by two and a half years. The couple had four children: John, Erle, Bronwyn and Leonie.^[19] For her four decades of service as a charity worker and community activist, Lady Cramer was created a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1971.

Dame Mary Cramer predeceased her husband by almost a decade, dying on 23 September 1984 (aged 91).^[20]

Writings[edit]

Cramer, John (1989). Pioneers, politics and people: a political memoir. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. p. 231. ISBN 978-0-04-442104-7.

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Kingston, Beverley (2021). "Cramer, Sir John Oscar (Jack) (1896–1994)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 19.
^ "MAYORAL ELECTIONS". The Sydney Morning Herald. No. 31, 812. New South Wales, Australia. 15 December 1939. p. 16. Retrieved 9 April 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "LABOUR LOSES CITY POLL". The Sydney Morning Herald. No. 32, 432. New South Wales, Australia. 8 December 1941. p. 8. Retrieved 9 April 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "FOURTH TERM IN ROW". The Sun. New South Wales, Australia. 10 January 1945. p. 7. Retrieved 8 March 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "McElhone Chairman". The Sun. New South Wales, Australia. 23 January 1945. p. 2. Retrieved 8 March 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "COUNTY COUNCIL CHAIRMAN". The Sydney Morning Herald. New South Wales, Australia. 16 January 1946. p. 4. Retrieved 4 March 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "New Chairman Of County Council". The Sun. New South Wales, Australia. 15 January 1946. p. 5. Retrieved 7 March 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "SYDNEY COUNTY COUNCIL". Construction. New South Wales, Australia. 30 January 1946. p. 3. Retrieved 7 March 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "County Council Chairman Elected". National Advocate. New South Wales, Australia. 21 January 1948. p. 1. Retrieved 7 March 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "Tie-up charge in County Council election". The Sun. New South Wales, Australia. 20 January 1948. p. 2. Retrieved 7 March 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "The Hon John Howard MP, Member for Bennelong (NSW), First Speech To Parliament". Hansard. Parliament of Australia. 26 September 1974. Archived from the original on 30 August 2007. Retrieved 28 August 2007.
^ MAYORAL ELECTIONS
^ "Army Minister Leaves Council". The Sydney Morning Herald. 24 January 1956. p. 4.
^ "The Sydney County Council - Extraordinary Election". The Sydney Morning Herald. 13 March 1956. p. 15.
^ Abjorensen, Norman. "Australia's great political shift". Inside Story. School of Arts, Social Sciences & Humanities, Swinburne University of Technology. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
^ "Cramer, John Oscar". It's an Honour. Retrieved 28 August 2007.
^ "Two MPs retiring". The Canberra Times. 8 November 1973.
^ "CONDOLENCES - Hon. Sir John Oscar Cramer". Hansard. Parliament of Australia. 30 May 1994.
^ Earls Family Chronicles
^ "Cramer, Dame Mary Therese". Australian Women. National Foundation for Australian Women. Retrieved 28 August 2007.

Civic offices
Preceded by James Street Stanton	Deputy Mayor of North Sydney 1937 – 1939	Succeeded by George Augustus Fowle
Preceded by James Street Stanton	Mayor of North Sydney 1939 – 1941	Succeeded by George Augustus Fowle
Government offices
New title	Councillor of the Sydney County Council 3rd Constituency 1935 – 1949	Succeeded by Reginald William Bieler Thomas Hogan
New title	Councillor of the Sydney County Council 4th Constituency 1949 – 1956 Served alongside: William Parker Henson	Succeeded by George Ivan Ferris
Preceded by Stanley Parry	Deputy Chairman of the Sydney County Council 1939 – 1940	Succeeded by Stanley Parry
Preceded by Arthur McElhone	Deputy Chairman of the Sydney County Council 1945 – 1946	Succeeded by Arthur McElhone
Preceded by Arthur McElhone	Chairman of the Sydney County Council 1946 – 1947	Succeeded by Frank Grenville Pursell
Preceded by Frank Grenville Pursell	Chairman of the Sydney County Council 1948 – 1950	Succeeded by William Parker Henson
Parliament of Australia
New division	Member for Bennelong 1949 – 1974	Succeeded by John Howard
Political offices
Preceded by Eric Harrison	Minister for the Army 1956 – 1963	Succeeded by James Forbes

[adb-1] Kingston, Beverley (2021). "Cramer, Sir John Oscar (Jack) (1896–1994)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 19.

[2] "MAYORAL ELECTIONS". The Sydney Morning Herald. No. 31, 812. New South Wales, Australia. 15 December 1939. p. 16. Retrieved 9 April 2017 – via National Library of Australia.

[3] "LABOUR LOSES CITY POLL". The Sydney Morning Herald. No. 32, 432. New South Wales, Australia. 8 December 1941. p. 8. Retrieved 9 April 2017 – via National Library of Australia.

[4] "FOURTH TERM IN ROW". The Sun. New South Wales, Australia. 10 January 1945. p. 7. Retrieved 8 March 2021 – via National Library of Australia.

[5] "McElhone Chairman". The Sun. New South Wales, Australia. 23 January 1945. p. 2. Retrieved 8 March 2021 – via National Library of Australia.

[6] "COUNTY COUNCIL CHAIRMAN". The Sydney Morning Herald. New South Wales, Australia. 16 January 1946. p. 4. Retrieved 4 March 2017 – via National Library of Australia.

[7] "New Chairman Of County Council". The Sun. New South Wales, Australia. 15 January 1946. p. 5. Retrieved 7 March 2021 – via National Library of Australia.

[8] "SYDNEY COUNTY COUNCIL". Construction. New South Wales, Australia. 30 January 1946. p. 3. Retrieved 7 March 2021 – via National Library of Australia.

[9] "County Council Chairman Elected". National Advocate. New South Wales, Australia. 21 January 1948. p. 1. Retrieved 7 March 2021 – via National Library of Australia.

[10] "Tie-up charge in County Council election". The Sun. New South Wales, Australia. 20 January 1948. p. 2. Retrieved 7 March 2021 – via National Library of Australia.

[11] "The Hon John Howard MP, Member for Bennelong (NSW), First Speech To Parliament". Hansard. Parliament of Australia. 26 September 1974. Archived from the original on 30 August 2007. Retrieved 28 August 2007.

[12] MAYORAL ELECTIONS

[13] "Army Minister Leaves Council". The Sydney Morning Herald. 24 January 1956. p. 4.

[14] "The Sydney County Council - Extraordinary Election". The Sydney Morning Herald. 13 March 1956. p. 15.

[15] Abjorensen, Norman. "Australia's great political shift". Inside Story. School of Arts, Social Sciences & Humanities, Swinburne University of Technology. Retrieved 31 July 2017.

[16] "Cramer, John Oscar". It's an Honour. Retrieved 28 August 2007.

[17] "Two MPs retiring". The Canberra Times. 8 November 1973.

[18] "CONDOLENCES - Hon. Sir John Oscar Cramer". Hansard. Parliament of Australia. 30 May 1994.

[19] Earls Family Chronicles

[20] "Cramer, Dame Mary Therese". Australian Women. National Foundation for Australian Women. Retrieved 28 August 2007.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Australian politician}}
-{{Infobox MP
+{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
+{{Use Australian English|date=August 2016}}
+{{Infobox officeholder
 | honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
 | name = Sir John Cramer
 | honorific-suffix =
-| image = John Cramer.jpg
+| image = John Cramer 1971.jpg
+| caption = Cramer in 1971
-| constituency_MP = [[Division of Bennelong|Bennelong]]
+| office1 = [[Minister for Defence (Australia)|Minister for the Army]]
-| parliament = Australian
+| predecessor1 = [[Eric Harrison]]
-| majority =
+| successor1 = [[Jim Forbes (Australian politician)|Dr. Jim Forbes]]
-| predecessor = ''Division created''
+| term_start1 = 28 February 1956
-| successor = [[John Howard]]
-| term_start = 10 December 1949
+| term_end1 = 18 December 1963
+| constituency_MP2 = [[Division of Bennelong|Bennelong]]
-| term_end = 11 April 1974
+| parliament2 = Australian
+| majority2 =
+| predecessor2 = ''Division created''
+| successor2 = [[John Howard]]
+| term_start2 = 10 December 1949
+| term_end2 = 11 April 1974
+| office3 = [[North Sydney Council|Mayor of North Sydney]]
+| deputy3 = George Fowle
+| predecessor3 = James Stanton
+| successor3 = George Fowle
+| term_start3 = 20 December 1939
+| term_end3 = 6 December 1941
+| birth_name = John Oscar Cramer
 | birth_date = {{birth date|1896|2|18|df=y}}
-| birth_place =
+| birth_place = [[Quirindi]], New South Wales
 | death_date = {{Death date and age|1994|5|18|1896|2|18|df=y}}
-| death_place =
+| death_place = [[Sydney]], New South Wales, Australia
+| spouse = {{marriage|[[Mary Cramer|Mary Therese Earls]]|1922|1984|reason=died}}
-| nationality = [[Australia]]n
+| party = [[Liberal Party of Australia (New South Wales Division)|Liberal]]}}
-| spouse = [[Mary Cramer|Dame Mary Therese Cramer]] (1893-1984); four children
-| party = [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]]
-| occupation = Local politician}}
-'''Sir John Oscar Cramer''' (18 February 1896{{spaced ndash}}18 May 1994) was an [[Australia]]n politician, representing the [[Liberal Party of Australia]], of which he was a founding member. He was a Roman Catholic, a rare thing in the Liberal Party in its founding days and this was an issue. <ref> The Liberals Episode 1 </ref>
+'''Sir John Oscar Cramer''' (18 February 1896{{spaced ndash}}18 May 1994) was an Australian businessman and politician. He was a member of the [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party]] and served in federal parliament from 1949 to 1974, representing the seat of [[Division of Bennelong|Bennelong]]. He served as [[Minister for the Army (Australia)|Minister for the Army]] in the [[Menzies government (1949–1966)|Menzies government]] from 1956 to 1963. He was also mayor of [[North Sydney Council|North Sydney]] from 1939 to 1941.
+==Early life==
-John Cramer was elected as Mayor of [[North Sydney, New South Wales|North Sydney]] in 1939. Later he was Chairman of the [[Sydney County Council]]. He was elected to the [[Australian House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] as the inaugural representative of the seat of [[Division of Bennelong|Bennelong]] on its creation in 1949. In 1956, the [[Prime Minister of Australia|Prime Minister]] [[Robert Menzies]] appointed him [[Minister for Defence (Australia)|Minister for the Army]], a portfolio he held until 1963.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Hon John Howard MP, Member for Bennelong (NSW), First Speech To Parliament|work=Hansard|publisher=[[Parliament of Australia]]|date=26 September 1974|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/house/members/firstspeech.asp?id=ZD4|accessdate=2007-08-28}}</ref>
+Cramer was born on 18 February 1896 at Jacob and Joseph Creek near [[Quirindi, New South Wales]]. He was the fourth of six children born to Emily Eleanor (née Cullen) and John Nicholas Cramer; his mother was of Scottish and Irish descent and his father of German descent.<ref name=adb>{{cite news|url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/cramer-sir-john-oscar-jack-27503|title=Cramer, Sir John Oscar (Jack) (1896–1994)|first=Beverley|last=Kingston|year=2021|work=[[Australian Dictionary of Biography]]|volume=19}}</ref>
+Cramer grew up on his father's farm, attending Gaspard Public School until the age of fourteen. He assisted his father with farm work and later managed a fruit shop in Quirindi. In 1917 he moved to Sydney and began working as a clerk with [[Paramount Pictures]]. He and his brother Charles were talented musicians and singers and provided musical accompaniment to [[silent film]]s. In 1920, they established a real estate firm, Cramer Bros., with an office at [[Crows Nest, New South Wales|Crows Nest]] in [[North Sydney, New South Wales|North Sydney]]. Later joined by another brother, Reg, they achieved success through several business ventures including a syndicate subdividing land in [[Willoughby, New South Wales|Willoughby]] and a partnership in a building firm specialising in apartment blocks.<ref name=adb/>
-In 1964 he was created a [[Knight Bachelor]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Cramer, John Oscar|publisher=Its an Honour|url=http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=1083248&search_type=simple&showInd=true|accessdate=28 August 2007}}</ref> He retired from parliament before [[Australian federal election, 1974|the 1974 election]], and was succeeded by [[John Howard]] (later to become Prime Minister). He died on 18 May 1994, aged 98.
+==Early political involvement==
+[[File:John Cramer 1939.jpg|thumb|upright|Cramer in 1939]]
+Cramer became active in politics during the [[Great Depression in Australia|Great Depression]], joining the [[All for Australia League]] which was later incorporated into the [[United Australia Party]] (UAP). After the collapse of the UAP in the early 1940s he joined the [[Democratic Party (1943)|Democratic Party]] and was an unsuccessful candidate in the seat of [[Electoral district of Lane Cove|Lane Cove]] at the [[1944 New South Wales state election]]. He was subsequently involved in the formation of the [[Liberal Party of Australia (New South Wales Division)]] and was elected to the party's provisional executive in January 1945.<ref name=adb/>
+In 1931, Cramer was elected to the [[North Sydney Municipal Council]] in 1931.<ref name=adb/> He was elected as mayor of North Sydney in 1939 and served until his defeat as an alderman at the December 1941 municipal elections.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17635570 |title=MAYORAL ELECTIONS. |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |issue=31,812 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=15 December 1939 |accessdate=9 April 2017 |page=16 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17777720 |title=LABOUR LOSES CITY POLL |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|issue=32,432 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=8 December 1941 |accessdate=9 April 2017 |page=8 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> From 1935 to 1956, Cramer served on the Sydney County Council (3rd/4th Constituency).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article231717105 |title=FOURTH TERM IN ROW |newspaper=The Sun |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=10 January 1945 |accessdate=8 March 2021 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> In 1939 and 1945, he was elected Deputy Chairman, and was later elected for three terms as Chairman of the County Council (1946–1947; 1948–1950).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article231706069 |title=McElhone Chairman |newspaper=The Sun |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=23 January 1945 |accessdate=8 March 2021 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17967438 |title=COUNTY COUNCIL CHAIRMAN |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=16 January 1946 |accessdate=4 March 2017 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228785717 |title=New Chairman Of County Council |newspaper=The Sun |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=15 January 1946 |accessdate=7 March 2021 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article222872610 |title=SYDNEY COUNTY COUNCIL. |newspaper=Construction |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=30 January 1946 |accessdate=7 March 2021 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article161363656 |title=County Council Chairman Elected |newspaper=National Advocate |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=21 January 1948 |accessdate=7 March 2021 |page=1 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article229041690 |title=Tie-up charge in County Council election |newspaper=The Sun |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=20 January 1948 |accessdate=7 March 2021 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
+==Federal politics==
+He was elected to the [[Australian House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] as the inaugural representative of the seat of [[Division of Bennelong|Bennelong]] on its creation in 1949. In 1956, the [[Prime Minister of Australia|Prime Minister]] [[Robert Menzies]] appointed him [[Minister for Defence (Australia)|Minister for the Army]], a portfolio he held until 1963.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Hon John Howard MP, Member for Bennelong (NSW), First Speech To Parliament|work=Hansard|publisher=[[Parliament of Australia]]|date=26 September 1974|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/house/members/firstspeech.asp?id=ZD4|accessdate=2007-08-28|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070830040626/http://www.aph.gov.au/house/members/firstspeech.asp?id=ZD4|archivedate=30 August 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>[https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/17642930?searchTerm=%22Mayor%20of%20North%20Sydney%22&searchLimits=sortby=dateAsc|||l-decade=193|||l-year=1939 MAYORAL ELECTIONS]</ref>
+On 23 January 1956, on his appointment as army minister Cramer resigned his 4th Constituency seat on the county council.<ref>{{cite news |title=Army Minister Leaves Council |agency=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=24 January 1956 |page=4}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Sydney County Council - Extraordinary Election |agency=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=13 March 1956 |page=15}}</ref>
+Cramer was the only Catholic in the Liberal Party parliamentary team, a fact Menzies would often joke about.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Abjorensen|first1=Norman|title=Australia's great political shift|url=http://insidestory.org.au/australias-great-political-shift/|website=Inside Story|publisher=School of Arts, Social Sciences & Humanities, Swinburne University of Technology|accessdate=31 July 2017}}</ref>
+In 1964 he was created a [[Knight Bachelor]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Cramer, John Oscar|publisher=It's an Honour|url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1083248|accessdate=28 August 2007}}</ref> He announced his retirement from politics in November 1973,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/131691024|title=Two MPs retiring|newspaper=The Canberra Times|date=8 November 1973}}</ref> and was succeeded by future prime minister [[John Howard]] at the MP for Bennelong at [[1974 Australian federal election|the 1974 election]]. He died on 18 May 1994, aged 98. Cramer had been the last serving parliamentarian born before Federation, and he was the last surviving former MP who was born in the 19th century.<ref>{{cite web|title=CONDOLENCES - Hon. Sir John Oscar Cramer|work=Hansard|publisher=[[Parliament of Australia]]|date=30 May 1994|url=https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;adv=yes;page=0;query=Id%3A%22chamber%2Fhansards%2F1994-05-30%2F0031%22;rec=0;resCount=1|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 ==Personal life==
 In 1922 he married [[Mary Cramer|Mary Therese Earls]], a teacher, and his elder by two and a half years. The couple had four children: John, Erle, Bronwyn and Leonie.<ref>[http://www.dankat.com/earls/apdx2d.htm Earls Family Chronicles]</ref>  For her four decades of service as a charity worker and community activist, Lady Cramer was created a [[Order of the British Empire|Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] in 1971.
 Dame Mary Cramer predeceased her husband by almost a decade, dying on 23 September 1984 (aged 91).<ref>{{cite web|title=Cramer, Dame Mary Therese|work=Australian Women|publisher=National Foundation for Australian Women|url=http://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/IMP0023b.htm|accessdate=2007-08-28}}</ref>
 ==Writings==
-*{{cite book|last=Cramer|first=John|title=Pioneers, politics and people: a political memoir|publisher=Allen & Unwin|year=1989|location=Sydney|page=231|isbn=0-04-442104-4}}
+*{{cite book|last=Cramer|first=John|title=Pioneers, politics and people: a political memoir|publisher=Allen & Unwin|year=1989|location=Sydney|page=231|isbn=978-0-04-442104-7}}
 ==References==
@@ Line 38: / Line 68: @@
 {{s-start}}
+{{s-civ}}
+{{s-bef| before=James Street Stanton }}
+{{s-ttl |title= [[List of mayors of North Sydney|Deputy Mayor of North Sydney]] | years = 1937{{spaced ndash}}1939 }}
+{{s-aft|after= George Augustus Fowle}}
+{{s-bef| before= James Street Stanton}}
+{{s-ttl |title= [[North Sydney Council|Mayor of North Sydney]] | years =1939{{spaced ndash}}1941 }}
+{{s-aft|after= George Augustus Fowle}}
+{{s-gov}}
+{{s-new}}
+{{s-ttl| title=Councillor of the [[Sydney County Council]]<br/>3rd Constituency ||years =1935{{spaced ndash}}1949}}
+{{s-aft| after = Reginald William Bieler<br/>Thomas Hogan }}
+{{s-new}}
+{{s-ttl| title=Councillor of the [[Sydney County Council]]<br/>4th Constituency ||years =1949{{spaced ndash}}1956|alongside=[[William Parker Henson]]}}
+{{s-aft| after = George Ivan Ferris }}
+{{s-bef|before= [[Stanley Parry]]}}
+{{s-ttl |title= Deputy Chairman of the [[Sydney County Council]] | years =1939{{spaced ndash}}1940 }}
+{{s-aft|after=[[Stanley Parry]]}}
+{{s-bef|before= [[Arthur McElhone]]}}
+{{s-ttl |title= Deputy Chairman of the [[Sydney County Council]] | years =1945{{spaced ndash}}1946 }}
+{{s-aft|after=[[Arthur McElhone]]}}
+{{s-bef|before= [[Arthur McElhone]]}}
+{{s-ttl |title= Chairman of the [[Sydney County Council]] | years =1946{{spaced ndash}}1947 }}
+{{s-aft|after=[[Frank Grenville Pursell]]}}
+{{s-bef|before= [[Frank Grenville Pursell]]}}
+{{s-ttl |title= Chairman of the [[Sydney County Council]] | years =1948{{spaced ndash}}1950 }}
+{{s-aft|after=[[William Parker Henson]]}}
+{{s-par|au}}
+{{s-new|division}}
+{{s-ttl | title=[[Division of Bennelong|Member for Bennelong]] | years=1949{{spaced ndash}}1974}}
+{{s-aft | after= [[John Howard]] }}
 {{s-off}}
 {{s-bef | before=[[Eric Harrison]] }}
-{{s-ttl | title=[[Minister for Defence (Australia)|Minister for the Army]] | years=1956 – 1963}}
+{{s-ttl | title=[[Minister for Defence (Australia)|Minister for the Army]] | years=1956{{spaced ndash}}1963}}
 {{s-aft | after=[[James Forbes (Australian politician)|James Forbes]] }}
-{{s-par | au}}
-{{s-new}}
-{{s-ttl | title=Member for [[Division of Bennelong|Bennelong]] | years=1949–1974}}
-{{s-aft | after= [[John Howard]] }}
 {{s-end}}
@@ Line 53: / Line 109: @@
 [[Category:1896 births]]
 [[Category:1994 deaths]]
-[[Category:Place of birth missing]]
+[[Category:Politicians from Sydney]]
-[[Category:Place of death missing]]
+[[Category:Deputy mayors of places in Australia]]
-[[Category:People from Sydney]]
+[[Category:Mayors of North Sydney]]
 [[Category:Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia]]
 [[Category:Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Bennelong]]
@@ Line 61: / Line 117: @@
 [[Category:Australian Knights Bachelor]]
 [[Category:Australian Roman Catholics]]
+[[Category:20th-century Australian politicians]]
+[[Category:Councillors of Sydney County Council]]
+[[Category:People from Quirindi]]

Authority control databases
International	FAST ISNI VIAF WorldCat
National	United States
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