Cambro-Normans: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
LinusHendrik (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
→Usage in Ireland: Phrasing. |
||
| (30 intermediate revisions by 23 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Norman settlers in southern Wales and the Welsh Marches}} |
|||
{{EngvarB|date=April 2014}} |
{{EngvarB|date=April 2014}} |
||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}} |
||
{{ |
{{More citations needed|date=July 2009}} |
||
{{History of Wales}} |
{{History of Wales}} |
||
'''Cambro-Normans''' ({{lang-la|[[Cambria]]}}; "Wales", {{lang-cy|Normaniaid Cymreig}}; {{lang-nrf|Nouormands Galles}}) were [[Normans]] who settled in [[South Wales|southern Wales]] and the [[Welsh Marches]] after the [[Norman invasion of Wales]], allied with their counterpart families who settled England following its conquest. |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
== Usage in Ireland == |
|||
The term Cambro-Norman is rarely used even in Ireland. The Normans who invaded Ireland are commonly described as Anglo-Normans by modern historians or else simply as [[English people|English]]. This latter term (along with ''Saxain'' ("[[Saxons]]") was used by contemporary chroniclers in strong preference to Normans. |
|||
[[File:Henry II, Plantagenet Empire.png|thumb|220px|[[Plantagenet]] [[Angevin Empire]], c. 1190]] |
|||
| ⚫ | Some Irish historians prefer to use this term instead of [[Anglo-Normans|Anglo-Norman]] because many of the knights who invaded Ireland in 1170, such as the [[FitzGerald dynasty|FitzGeralds]], originated and settled in modern-day Wales, following the Norman conquest.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bradley|first=John|author2=Francis X. Martin|title=Settlement and society in medieval Ireland: studies presented to F.X. Martin|publisher=Boethius Press|year=1988|series=Studies in Irish archaeology and history|volume=2 of Irish studies|pages=193|isbn=978-0-86314-143-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wJRnAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Cambro-Norman%22|access-date=11 July 2009}}</ref> South Wales was under Anglo-Norman, [[House of Plantagenet|Plantagenet]] control at this point in history and the Cambro-Normans living in south Wales owed their allegiance to [[Henry II of England|Henry II]], from Le Mans and not a native Welsh prince, and therefore are often confused with Anglo-Normans due to their allegiance. Contemporary Irish accounts of this period erroneously called the incomers ''Saxain'', which means "[[Saxon]]", i.e. "English".<ref>{{citation |last=Flanagan |first=M.T. |contribution=Anglo-Norman Invasion |title=Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia |editor1-last=Duffy |editor1-first=S. |year=2005 |editor2-last=MacShamhráin |editor2-first=A. |editor3-last=Moynes |editor3-first=J. |publication-place=New York |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=0-415-94052-4 |pages=17–19 }}</ref> |
||
| ⚫ | [[Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke| |
||
| ⚫ | [[Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke|Richard de Clare]], better known as Strongbow, has been described by some Irish historians as a Cambro-Norman rather than an Anglo-Norman. The de Clares held lands in [[Pembrokeshire]] and [[Glamorgan]], but their base was in [[Chepstow]] which, although is now a border settlement in [[Monmouthshire]], Wales, was part of the English county of [[Herefordshire]] at the time. Strongbow also held lands in [[Gloucestershire]], [[Hertfordshire]] and [[Suffolk]]. Herefordshire is in the [[Welsh Marches]], of which Strongbow was a [[Marcher Lord]]. He is believed to have retreated to his English holdings when the Welsh began to attack his territory in Netherwent. Strongbow was living in England when he was contacted by Diarmaid MacMurrough, the king of Leinster.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}} |
||
| ⚫ | In addition to such Cambro-Norman lords, some of Ireland's most common names, including Walsh and [[Griffith (surname)|Griffith]], came from indigenous Welsh families who came with the Norman invasion. (The surname "Walsh" itself, or in Irish |
||
| ⚫ | In addition to such Cambro-Norman lords, some of Ireland's most common names, including [[Walsh (surname)|Walsh]] and [[Griffith (surname)|Griffith]], came from indigenous Welsh families who came with the Norman invasion. (The surname "Walsh" itself, or in Irish {{lang|ga|Breathnach}}, "Briton", means "Welshman", and was applied by the Irish to Welsh who did not have a surname, as well as to particular Cambro-Norman lords.) Other indigenous Welsh surnames, such as [[Viscount Taaffe|Taaffe]] which came at this time, became very important families within [[the Pale]]. |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | Some well-known Cambro-Norman families include the [[Butler dynasty|Butlers]], the [[Joyce (name)|Joyce]]s<ref>Bishop, Alan. ''Gentleman Rider: A Life of Joyce Cary''. Joseph, 1988. Original from the University of Michigan. {{ISBN|0718123301|9780718123307}}. p. 24.</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7U1QAQAAIAAJ&q=Thomas+de+Jorse+norman Names]. 1985. Original from the University of California. Digitized 3 September 2011. p. 202.</ref><ref>Stokes, George Thomas. ''Ireland and the Anglo-Norman Church: A History of Ireland and Irish Christianity from the Anglo-Norman Conquest to the Dawn of the Reformation''. Hodder and Stoughton, 1897. Original from the University of California. p. 334.</ref> and the [[Barrett (surname)|Barrett]]s. |
||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
* [[Italo-Norman]] |
* [[Italo-Norman]] |
||
| ⚫ | |||
* [[Scoto-Norman]] |
* [[Scoto-Norman]] |
||
| ⚫ | |||
==References== |
==References== |
||
| Line 30: | Line 34: | ||
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Ireland]] |
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Ireland]] |
||
[[Category:Lordship of Ireland]] |
[[Category:Lordship of Ireland]] |
||
{{Normandy-stub}} |
|||
{{Wales-hist-stub}} |
|||
Latest revision as of 23:12, 20 May 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2009) |
| History of Wales |
|---|
.svg){kind=small}  |
Cambro-Normans (Latin: Cambria; "Wales", Welsh: Normaniaid Cymreig; Norman: Nouormands Galles) were Normans who settled in southern Wales and the Welsh Marches after the Norman invasion of Wales, allied with their counterpart families who settled England following its conquest.
Usage in Ireland
[edit]
Some Irish historians prefer to use this term instead of Anglo-Norman because many of the knights who invaded Ireland in 1170, such as the FitzGeralds, originated and settled in modern-day Wales, following the Norman conquest.[1] South Wales was under Anglo-Norman, Plantagenet control at this point in history and the Cambro-Normans living in south Wales owed their allegiance to Henry II, from Le Mans and not a native Welsh prince, and therefore are often confused with Anglo-Normans due to their allegiance. Contemporary Irish accounts of this period erroneously called the incomers Saxain, which means "Saxon", i.e. "English".[2]
Richard de Clare, better known as Strongbow, has been described by some Irish historians as a Cambro-Norman rather than an Anglo-Norman. The de Clares held lands in Pembrokeshire and Glamorgan, but their base was in Chepstow which, although is now a border settlement in Monmouthshire, Wales, was part of the English county of Herefordshire at the time. Strongbow also held lands in Gloucestershire, Hertfordshire and Suffolk. Herefordshire is in the Welsh Marches, of which Strongbow was a Marcher Lord. He is believed to have retreated to his English holdings when the Welsh began to attack his territory in Netherwent. Strongbow was living in England when he was contacted by Diarmaid MacMurrough, the king of Leinster.[citation needed]
In addition to such Cambro-Norman lords, some of Ireland's most common names, including Walsh and Griffith, came from indigenous Welsh families who came with the Norman invasion. (The surname "Walsh" itself, or in Irish Breathnach, "Briton", means "Welshman", and was applied by the Irish to Welsh who did not have a surname, as well as to particular Cambro-Norman lords.) Other indigenous Welsh surnames, such as Taaffe which came at this time, became very important families within the Pale.
Some well-known Cambro-Norman families include the Butlers, the Joyces[3][4][5] and the Barretts.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Bradley, John; Francis X. Martin (1988). Settlement and society in medieval Ireland: studies presented to F.X. Martin. Studies in Irish archaeology and history. Vol. 2 of Irish studies. Boethius Press. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-86314-143-0. Retrieved 11 July 2009.
- ^ Flanagan, M.T. (2005), "Anglo-Norman Invasion", in Duffy, S.; MacShamhráin, A.; Moynes, J. (eds.), Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia, New York: Routledge, pp. 17–19, ISBN 0-415-94052-4
- ^ Bishop, Alan. Gentleman Rider: A Life of Joyce Cary. Joseph, 1988. Original from the University of Michigan. ISBN 0718123301, 9780718123307. p. 24.
- ^ Names. 1985. Original from the University of California. Digitized 3 September 2011. p. 202.
- ^ Stokes, George Thomas. Ireland and the Anglo-Norman Church: A History of Ireland and Irish Christianity from the Anglo-Norman Conquest to the Dawn of the Reformation. Hodder and Stoughton, 1897. Original from the University of California. p. 334.