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{{Short description|Period of Japanese history (851–854 CE)}}
{{History of Japan|Shoso-in.jpg| Image explanation = [[Shōsōin]]}}
{{History of Japan|Shoso-in.jpg| Image explanation = [[Shōsōin]]}}


{{nihongo|'''Ninju'''|仁寿|}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号,|''nengō'',|lit. "year name"}} after ''[[Kashō]]'' and before ''[[Saikō]].'' This period spanned the years from April 851 through November 854.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Kōnin''" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 716|page=716}}; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File].</ref> The reigning emperor was {{nihongo|[[Emperor Montoku|Montoku]]''-tennō''|文徳天皇}}.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA112,M1 ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', p. 112;] Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''Gukanshō'', pp. 264-265; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki'', p. 165.</ref>
{{nihongo|'''Ninju'''|仁寿|}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号|''nengō''|"year name"}} after ''[[Kashō]]'' and before ''[[Saikō]].'' This period spanned the years from April 851 through November 854.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Kōnin''" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 716|page=716}}; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120524174828/http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 |date=2012-05-24 }}.</ref> The reigning emperor was {{nihongo|[[Emperor Montoku|Montoku]]''-tennō''|文徳天皇}}.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9 ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', p. 112]; Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''Gukanshō'', pp. 264–265; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki'', p. 165.</ref>


==Change of era==
==Change of era==
* '''February 5, 851''' {{nihongo|''Ninju gannen''|仁寿元年}}<!-- NengoCalc 仁寿一年一月一日 -->: The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in ''Kashō'' 4, on the 28th day of the 4th month of 851.<ref>Brown, p. 285; Titsingh, [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA112,M1 p. 112.]</ref>
* '''February 5, 851''' {{nihongo|''Ninju gannen''|仁寿元年}}<!-- NengoCalc 仁寿一年一月一日 -->: The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in ''Kashō'' 4, on the 28th day of the 4th month of 851.<ref>Brown, p. 285; Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9 p. 112.]</ref>


==Events of the ''Ninju'' era==
==Events of the ''Ninju'' era==
* '''853''' (''Ninju 3, 2nd month''): The emperor visited the home of ''[[udaijin]]'' [[Fujiwara Yoshifusa]], the grandfather of his designated heir.<ref>Titsingh, [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA113,M1 p. 113.]</ref>
* '''853''' (''Ninju 3, 2nd month''): The emperor visited the home of ''[[udaijin]]'' [[Fujiwara no Yoshifusa]], the grandfather of his designated heir.<ref>Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9 p. 113.]</ref>
* '''853''' (''Ninju 3, 5th month''): [[Asama Shrine]] in [[Suruga province]] is styled ''[[myōjin]]'', and the shrine is accorded national ranking in the lists of shrines and temples.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962). ''Studies in Shinto and Shrines'', p. 459.</ref>
* '''853''' (''Ninju 3, 5th month''): [[Asama Shrine]] in [[Suruga Province]] is styled ''[[myōjin]]'', and the shrine is accorded national ranking in the lists of shrines and temples.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962). ''Studies in Shinto and Shrines'', p. 459.</ref>


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{reflist|1}}
{{Reflist}}


==References==
==References==
* [[William George Aston|Aston]], William George. (1896). ''Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697.'' London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/supplement-nihongi-chronicles-of-japan-from-the-earliest-times-to-ad-697/oclc/84460259&referer=brief_results OCLC 84460259]
* [[William George Aston|Aston]], William George. (1896). ''Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697.'' London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/84460259 OCLC 84460259]
* Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [http://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&dq=Gukansho&source=gbs_navlinks_s ''Gukanshō: The Future and the Past.''] Berkeley: University of California Press. 10-ISBN 0-520-03460-0; 13-ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; [http://www.worldcat.org/title/future-and-the-past-a-transl-and-study-of-the-gukansho-an-interpretative-history-of-japan-written-in-1219/oclc/251325323 OCLC 251325323]
* Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&q=Gukansho ''Gukanshō: The Future and the Past''.] Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-03460-0}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/251325323 OCLC 251325323]
* Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). [http://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&client=firefox-a ''Japan encyclopedia.''] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. 10-ISBN 0-674-01753-6; 13-ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 58053128]
* Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC ''Japan encyclopedia''.] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 58053128]
* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane]], Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1962). [http://books.google.com/books?id=tjEvAAAAYAAJ&dq=Studies+in+Shinto+and+Shrines&ei=O6yMSZu3HKD2MsWNhdwC&client=firefox-a ''Studies in Shinto and Shrines.''] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/3994492 OCLC 3994492]
* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane]], Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1962). [https://books.google.com/books?id=tjEvAAAAYAAJ&q=Studies+in+Shinto+and+Shrines ''Studies in Shinto and Shrines''.] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/3994492 OCLC 3994492]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Odai Ichiran]]''; ou, [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.''] Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/nipon-o-dai-itsi-ran-ou-annales-des-empereurs-du-japon/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran ''Annales des empereurs du Japon''.] Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]
* [[H. Paul Varley|Varley, H. Paul]]. (1980). ''A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa.'' New York: [[Columbia University Press]]. 10-ISBN 0231049404/13-ISBN 9780231049405; [http://www.worldcat.org/title/chronicle-of-gods-and-sovereigns-jinno-shotoki-of-kitabatake-chikafusa/oclc/6042764&referer=brief_results OCLC 6042764]
* [[H. Paul Varley|Varley, H. Paul]]. (1980). ''A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa''. New York: [[Columbia University Press]]. {{ISBN|9780231049405}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6042764 OCLC 6042764]


== External links ==
== External links ==
* [[National Diet Library]], "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]
* [[National Diet Library]], "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]


{{s-start}}
<center>
{{succession box
{| border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
| before =[[Kashō]]
|----- style="font-weight:bold;background-color:#CCCCCC;color:#000000;text-align:right"
⚫
| title = [[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]<br>Ninju
| Ninju || 1st || 2nd || 3rd || 4th
| years = 851–854
|----- style="background-color:#FFFFFF;"
| after =[[Saikō]]
| [[Gregorian Calendar|Gregorian]] || [[851]] || [[852]] || [[853]] || [[854]]
|}
}}
{{s-end}}

<center>
{| border ="1"
|-----
| width ="30%" align ="center" |
Preceded by:<br>''[[Kashō]]''
| width ="40%" align ="center" |
⚫
'''[[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]''':<br>Ninju
| width ="30%" align ="center" |
Succeeded by:<br>''[[Saikō]]''
|}
</center>


{{Japanese era name}}
{{Japanese era name}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ninju}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ninju}}
[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:850s in Japan]]

[[Category:851 beginnings]]

[[Category:854 endings]]
{{Japan-era-stub}}

[[es:Ninju]]
[[ko:닌주]]
[[id:Ninju]]
[[ia:Ninju]]
[[ja:仁寿]]
[[uk:Ніндзю]]
[[zh:仁壽 (文德天皇)]]

Latest revision as of 17:26, 21 May 2024

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Ninju (仁寿) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, "year name") after Kashō and before Saikō. This period spanned the years from April 851 through November 854.[1] The reigning emperor was Montoku-tennō (文徳天皇).[2]

Change of era

[edit]
  • February 5, 851 Ninju gannen (仁寿元年): The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Kashō 4, on the 28th day of the 4th month of 851.[3]

Events of the Ninju era

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Kōnin" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 716, p. 716, at Google Books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File Archived 2012-05-24 at archive.today.
  2. ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 112; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 264–265; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 165.
  3. ^ Brown, p. 285; Titsingh, p. 112.
  4. ^ Titsingh, p. 113.
  5. ^ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962). Studies in Shinto and Shrines, p. 459.

References

[edit]
  • Aston, William George. (1896). Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. OCLC 84460259
  • Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
  • Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
  • Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1962). Studies in Shinto and Shrines. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 3994492
  • Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
  • Varley, H. Paul. (1980). A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231049405; OCLC 6042764
[edit]
Preceded by Era or nengō
Ninju
851–854 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ninju&oldid=1224983952"