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{{Short description|Lithuanian noble}}
{{Infobox nobility
{{Infobox noble
| name = Albertas Goštautas
| name = Albertas Goštautas
|title = ''[[Grand Chancellor of Lithuania]]''
|title = ''[[Grand Chancellor of Lithuania]]''
Line 5: Line 6:
| caption =
| caption =
| CoA = [[Abdank coat of arms|Abdank]]
| CoA = [[Abdank coat of arms|Abdank]]
| spouse = Sofija Verejskaja
|tenure=| spouse = Sofija Verejskaja
| issue = [[Stanislovas Goštautas]]
| issue = [[Stanislovas Goštautas]]
| full name =
|predecessor=|successor=| full name =
| noble family = [[Goštautai]]
| noble family = [[Goštautai]]
| father = [[Martynas Goštautas]]
| father = [[Martynas Goštautas]]
| mother = Ona Alšėniškė
| mother = NN Galshansky
| birth_date = {{circa|1480}}
| birth_date = {{circa|1480}}
| birth_place = [[Vilnius]], [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]
| birth_place = [[Vilnius]], [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]
Line 16: Line 17:
| death_place = [[Vilnius]], [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]
| death_place = [[Vilnius]], [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]
|}}
|}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}


'''Albertas Goštautas''' ({{lang-la|Albertus Gastold|links=no}}, {{lang-pl|Olbracht Gasztołd|links=no}}, {{lang-be|Альберт Гаштольд|links=no}}) ({{circa|1480}} – 1539) was a [[Lithuanian nobility|Lithuanian noble]] of the [[Goštautai]] family from ethnic [[Lithuanians|Lithuanian]] lands of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]. [[Nowogródek Voivodeship (1507–1795)|Voivode of Navahrudak]] since 1508, [[Voivode of Polotsk]] since 1514, [[Voivode of Trakai]] since 1519 and [[Voivode of Vilnius]] since 1522. In 1522 he became [[Grand Chancellor of Lithuania]]. He was the initiator and the editor of the [[First Statute of Lithuania]], as a successor of his staunch opponent [[Mikołaj II Radziwiłł|Mikolaj Radziwiłł]],<ref>{{in lang|lt}} http://ausis.gf.vu.lt/mg/nr/2002/09/09stat.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927164324/http://ausis.gf.vu.lt/mg/nr/2002/09/09stat.html |date=2006-09-27 }} Edition Stages of the Lithuanian Statutes</ref> who rivaled him in the precedence in the [[Lithuanian Council of Lords|Council of Lords]]. His subsequent rival in influence in the Grand Duchy was [[Konstanty Ostrogski]].
'''Albertas Goštautas''' ({{lang-la|Albertus Gastold|links=no}}, {{lang-pl|Olbracht (Wojciech) Gasztołd|links=no}}, Belarusian/Ukrainian: ''Альберт Гаштольд'') ({{circa|1480}} – 1539) was a [[Lithuanian nobility|Lithuanian noble]] of the [[Goštautai]] family from the ethnically [[Lithuanians|Lithuanian]] lands of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]. [[Nowogródek Voivodeship (1507–1795)|Voivode of Navahrudak]] since 1508, [[Voivode of Polotsk]] since 1514, [[Voivode of Trakai]] since 1519 and [[Voivode of Vilnius]] since 1522. In 1522, he became [[Grand Chancellor of Lithuania]]. He was the initiator and the editor of the [[First Statute of Lithuania]], as a successor of his staunch opponent [[Mikołaj II Radziwiłł|Mikolaj Radziwiłł]],<ref>{{in lang|lt}} http://ausis.gf.vu.lt/mg/nr/2002/09/09stat.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927164324/http://ausis.gf.vu.lt/mg/nr/2002/09/09stat.html |date=27 September 2006 }} Edition Stages of the Lithuanian Statutes</ref> who rivaled him in the precedence in the [[Lithuanian Council of Lords|Council of Lords]]. His subsequent rival in influence in the Grand Duchy was [[Konstanty Ostrogski]]. In 1529, he received the title of count from Pope [[Pope Clement VII|Clement VII]], and in the following year, thanks to the efforts of [[Jan Dantyszek]], he received the title of [[Graf]] of Murowane Gieranojny from Emperor [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]].{{Sfn|Pociecha|1958|p=301}}


Albertas was a son of [[Martynas Goštautas]] and an unknown daughter of {{Ill|Semyon Semyonovich Galshansky|be|Сямён Сямёнавіч Гальшанскі}} (also called Trabski).{{Sfn|Wolff|1895|p=98}} Albertas' father married later Anna Galshansky, daughter of her first wive's uncle {{Ill|Yury Semyonovich Galshansky|be|Юрый Сямёнавіч Гальшанскі}}.{{Sfn|Wolff|1895|p=98}} Albertas was orphaned at the age of several years and was brought up by his stepmother and maternal grandmother, Maryna Trabska, daughter of Prince Dmitri Semyonovich Drucki in 1490 bequeathed to him her entire estate.{{Sfn|Wolff|1895|pp=57-58}}
⚫
Albertas was a son of [[Martynas Goštautas]] and father of [[Stanislovas Goštautas]], last male heir of the Goštautai family. He was buried in [[Vilnius Cathedral]], where his tomb remains till present day. He built the [[Hieraniony Castle]] (ruins survive in present-day Belarus).


It is likely that Goštautas studied around 1492 at the [[Jagiellonian University]] in [[Kraków]]. In 1501, he travelled to the imperial court in Vienna.{{Sfn|Pociecha|1958|p=300}}
[[File:LT-2004-50litų-Statutas-b.png|left|thumb|Goštautas handing the [[First Statute of Lithuania|Statute]] to the King, [[litas]] coin]]
[[File:LT-2004-50litų-Statutas-b.png|left|thumb|Goštautas handing the [[First Statute of Lithuania|Statute]] to the King, [[litas]] coin]]
⚫
It is believed Goštautas, as well as the rest of Goštautai family members, had retained their native [[Lithuanian language]].<ref>{{in lang|lt}} [http://pirmojiknyga.mch.mii.lt/Leidiniai/azuolas.lt.htm Tomas Sakalauskas "The Oak of Mažvydas" ]</ref> He knew the Polish language perfectly.{{Sfn|Pociecha|1958|p=300}} Influenced by the ideas of the [[Protestant Reformation]], Goštautas was a supporter of the Lithuanian culture and language in state affairs and had a [[nationalistic]] attitude: he segregated non-Lithuanian and Polish-speaking [[Franciscan]]s, took care of the representatives of [[Lithuanian literature]], such as [[Abraomas Kulvietis]], and showed distrust to [[Ruthenians|Ruthenian]] inhabitants of the Grand Duchy.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dubonis |first1=Artūras |title=Lietuvių kalba: poreikis ir vartojimo mastai (XV a. antra pusė – XVI a. pirma pusė) |url=http://viduramziu.istorija.net/socium/dubonis2002.htm |website=viduramziu.istorija.net |accessdate=29 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Albertas Goštautas |url=https://www.vle.lt/Straipsnis/Albertas-Gostautas-26731 |website=vle.lt |accessdate=29 October 2019}}</ref>

⚫
It is thought that Albertas Goštautas, as well as the rest of Goštautai family members, had retained their native [[Lithuanian language]].<ref>{{in lang|lt}} [http://pirmojiknyga.mch.mii.lt/Leidiniai/azuolas.lt.htm Tomas Sakalauskas "The Oak of [[Mažvydas]]" ]</ref> Influenced by the ideas of the [[Protestant Reformation]], Goštautas was a supporter of the Lithuanian culture and language in state affairs and had a [[nationalistic]] attitude: he segregated non-Lithuanian and Polish-speaking [[Franciscan]]s, took care of the representatives of [[Lithuanian literature]], such as [[Abraomas Kulvietis]], and showed distrust to [[Ruthenians|Ruthenian]] inhabitants of the Grand Duchy.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dubonis |first1=Artūras |title=Lietuvių kalba: poreikis ir vartojimo mastai (XV a. antra pusė – XVI a. pirma pusė) |url=http://viduramziu.istorija.net/socium/dubonis2002.htm |website=viduramziu.istorija.net |accessdate=29 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Albertas Goštautas |url=https://www.vle.lt/Straipsnis/Albertas-Gostautas-26731 |website=vle.lt |accessdate=29 October 2019}}</ref>


He is one of the characters on the famous painting by [[Jan Matejko]], ''[[Prussian Homage (painting)|Prussian Homage]]''.
He is one of the characters on the famous painting by [[Jan Matejko]], ''[[Prussian Homage (painting)|Prussian Homage]]''.

== Family ==
Albertas Goštautas married before 1506 Sofia Vereiskaya, daughter of Russian voivode {{Ill|Vasily Mikhailovich Vereisky|ru|Верейский, Василий Михайлович Удалой}} and [[Maria Palaiologina (Princess of Vereya)|Maria Palaiologina]].{{Sfn|Wolff|1895|p=549}} Vasily Vereisky was coming from the [[Rurikids|Rurikovich]] family, as the great-grandson of [[Dmitry Donskoy]], [[Grand Prince of Moscow]], grandson of {{Ill|Andrei, Prince of Mozhaysk|lt=Andrei|ru|Андрей Дмитриевич (князь можайский)}}, Prince of [[Mozhaysk]], and son of {{Ill|Mikhail, Prince of Vereya|lt=Mikhail|ru|Михаил Андреевич (князь верейский)}}, Prince of [[Vereya, Naro-Fominsky District, Moscow Oblast|Vereya]].{{Sfn|Wolff|1895|p=263}}

Vasily got into a dispute with Grand Prince [[Ivan III of Russia|Ivan III]] over the dowry of his wife Maria, daughter of [[Andreas Palaiologos]] titular [[Byzantine Emperor]], and niece of [[Sophia Palaiologina]], wife of the Grand Prince. The dispute ended with the loss of the hereditary principality and Vasily's escape with his wife to Lithuania, where, on 2 October 1484, he received the estates of [[Lubcha]], [[Koidanova]], [[Radashkovichy]] and [[Valozhyn]] from King [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]].{{Sfn|Wolff|1895|p=549}}

These estates were inherited by Sophia and she managed them together with her husband, and after his death she held them until her death on August 1549. After her death, the estate passed to King [[Sigismund Augustus|Sigismund II Augustus]].{{Sfn|Wolff|1895|p=549}} The marriage was a significant elevation for Albertas, whose family was not one of the [[Knyaz#Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth|''knyaz'' families]]. In 1522, King [[Sigismund I the Old]] gave Sofia, her husband and offspring the right to seal letters with red wax, which only royal blood persons were entitled to.{{Sfn|Wolff|1895|p=549}}

⚫
Albertas' son was [[Stanislovas Goštautas]], the last male heir of the Goštautai family. He was buried in [[Vilnius Cathedral]], where his tomb remains until the present day. He built the [[Hieraniony Castle]] (whose ruins renmain in present-day Belarus).{{cn|date=May 2024}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=1958 |title=Olbracht Gasztołd |encyclopedia=Polski Słownik Biograficzny |location=Wrocław |last=Pociecha |first=Wojciech |volume=7 |pages=299–303 |language=pl}}
* {{cite book |last=Wolff |first=Józef |url=https://www.wbc.poznan.pl/dlibra/publication/130049/edition/139252/content |title=Kniaziowie litewsko-ruscy od końca czternastego wieku |date=1895 |location=Warsaw |language=pl |trans-title=Lithuanian-Ruthenian knyazes from the end of the fourteenth century |author-link=Józef Wolff}}


{{Grand Chancellors of Lithuania}}
{{Grand Chancellors of Lithuania}}
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[[Category:1480s births]]
[[Category:1480s births]]
[[Category:1539 deaths]]
[[Category:1539 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Vilnius]]
[[Category:Politicians from Vilnius]]
[[Category:Burials at Vilnius Cathedral]]
[[Category:Burials at Vilnius Cathedral]]
[[Category:Counts of the Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Counts of the Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Goštautai family|Albertas]]
[[Category:Goštautai family|Albertas]]
[[Category:Grand Chancellors of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]

[[Category:Voivodes of Trakai]]
{{Lithuania-noble-stub}}

Revision as of 09:58, 22 May 2024

Albertas Goštautas
Grand Chancellor of Lithuania
Coat of armsAbdank
Bornc. 1480
Vilnius, Grand Duchy of Lithuania
DiedDecember 1539
Vilnius, Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Noble familyGoštautai
Spouse(s)Sofija Verejskaja
IssueStanislovas Goštautas
FatherMartynas Goštautas
MotherNN Galshansky

Albertas Goštautas (Latin: Albertus Gastold, Polish: Olbracht (Wojciech) Gasztołd, Belarusian/Ukrainian: Альберт Гаштольд) (c. 1480 – 1539) was a Lithuanian noble of the Goštautai family from the ethnically Lithuanian lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Voivode of Navahrudak since 1508, Voivode of Polotsk since 1514, Voivode of Trakai since 1519 and Voivode of Vilnius since 1522. In 1522, he became Grand Chancellor of Lithuania. He was the initiator and the editor of the First Statute of Lithuania, as a successor of his staunch opponent Mikolaj Radziwiłł,[1] who rivaled him in the precedence in the Council of Lords. His subsequent rival in influence in the Grand Duchy was Konstanty Ostrogski. In 1529, he received the title of count from Pope Clement VII, and in the following year, thanks to the efforts of Jan Dantyszek, he received the title of Graf of Murowane Gieranojny from Emperor Charles V.[2]

Albertas was a son of Martynas Goštautas and an unknown daughter of Semyon Semyonovich Galshansky [be] (also called Trabski).[3] Albertas' father married later Anna Galshansky, daughter of her first wive's uncle Yury Semyonovich Galshansky [be].[3] Albertas was orphaned at the age of several years and was brought up by his stepmother and maternal grandmother, Maryna Trabska, daughter of Prince Dmitri Semyonovich Drucki in 1490 bequeathed to him her entire estate.[4]

It is likely that Goštautas studied around 1492 at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. In 1501, he travelled to the imperial court in Vienna.[5]

Goštautas handing the Statute to the King, litas coin

It is believed Goštautas, as well as the rest of Goštautai family members, had retained their native Lithuanian language.[6] He knew the Polish language perfectly.[5] Influenced by the ideas of the Protestant Reformation, Goštautas was a supporter of the Lithuanian culture and language in state affairs and had a nationalistic attitude: he segregated non-Lithuanian and Polish-speaking Franciscans, took care of the representatives of Lithuanian literature, such as Abraomas Kulvietis, and showed distrust to Ruthenian inhabitants of the Grand Duchy.[7][8]

He is one of the characters on the famous painting by Jan Matejko, Prussian Homage.

Family

Albertas Goštautas married before 1506 Sofia Vereiskaya, daughter of Russian voivode Vasily Mikhailovich Vereisky [ru] and Maria Palaiologina.[9] Vasily Vereisky was coming from the Rurikovich family, as the great-grandson of Dmitry Donskoy, Grand Prince of Moscow, grandson of Andrei [ru], Prince of Mozhaysk, and son of Mikhail [ru], Prince of Vereya.[10]

Vasily got into a dispute with Grand Prince Ivan III over the dowry of his wife Maria, daughter of Andreas Palaiologos titular Byzantine Emperor, and niece of Sophia Palaiologina, wife of the Grand Prince. The dispute ended with the loss of the hereditary principality and Vasily's escape with his wife to Lithuania, where, on 2 October 1484, he received the estates of Lubcha, Koidanova, Radashkovichy and Valozhyn from King Casimir IV Jagiellon.[9]

These estates were inherited by Sophia and she managed them together with her husband, and after his death she held them until her death on August 1549. After her death, the estate passed to King Sigismund II Augustus.[9] The marriage was a significant elevation for Albertas, whose family was not one of the knyaz families. In 1522, King Sigismund I the Old gave Sofia, her husband and offspring the right to seal letters with red wax, which only royal blood persons were entitled to.[9]

Albertas' son was Stanislovas Goštautas, the last male heir of the Goštautai family. He was buried in Vilnius Cathedral, where his tomb remains until the present day. He built the Hieraniony Castle (whose ruins renmain in present-day Belarus).[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ (in Lithuanian) http://ausis.gf.vu.lt/mg/nr/2002/09/09stat.html Archived 27 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine Edition Stages of the Lithuanian Statutes
  2. ^ Pociecha 1958, p. 301.
  3. ^ a b Wolff 1895, p. 98.
  4. ^ Wolff 1895, pp. 57–58.
  5. ^ a b Pociecha 1958, p. 300.
  6. ^ (in Lithuanian) Tomas Sakalauskas "The Oak of Mažvydas"
  7. ^ Dubonis, Artūras. "Lietuvių kalba: poreikis ir vartojimo mastai (XV a. antra pusė – XVI a. pirma pusė)". viduramziu.istorija.net. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  8. ^ "Albertas Goštautas". vle.lt. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  9. ^ a b c d Wolff 1895, p. 549.
  10. ^ Wolff 1895, p. 263.

Bibliography

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