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The Ming Veritable Records^[1] or Ming Shilu (traditional Chinese: 明實錄; simplified Chinese: 明实录; lit. 'Veritable Records of Ming'), contains the imperial annals of the emperors of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). It is the single largest historical source for the dynasty. According to modern historians, it "plays an extremely important role in the historical reconstruction of Ming society and politics."^[2] After the fall of the Ming dynasty, the Ming Veritable Records was used as a primary source for the compilation of the History of Ming by the Qing dynasty.^[3]

Historical sources

The Veritable Records (shilu) for each emperor was composed after the emperor's death by a History Office appointed by the Grand Secretariat using different types of historical sources such as:^[4]

"The Qiju zhu (Chinese: 起居注; pinyin: qǐjūzhù), or 'Diaries of Activity and Repose'. These were daily records of the actions and words of the Emperor in court."
"The 'Daily Records' (Chinese: 日曆; pinyin: rìlì). These records, established precisely as a source for the compilation of the Veritable Records, were compiled by a committee on the basis of the diaries and other written sources."
Other sources such as materials collected from provincial centres and "culled from other official sources such as memorials, ministerial papers and the Metropolitan Gazette."

List of books

Veritable Records	Emperor
Taizu Shilu (太祖實錄)	Emperor Taizu of Ming a.k.a. the Hongwu Emperor^[3]
Taizong Shilu (太宗實錄)	Emperor Taizong of Ming a.k.a. the Yongle Emperor (including the preceding Jianwen Emperor's reign)^[3]
Renzong Shilu (仁宗實錄)	Emperor Renzong of Ming a.k.a. Hongxi Emperor^[3]
Xuanzong Shilu (宣宗實錄)	Emperor Xuanzong of Ming a.k.a. Xuande Emperor^[3]
Yingzong Shilu (英宗實錄)	Emperor Yingzong of Ming (including the Zhengtong and Tianshun reigns, separated by the Jingtai reign)
Xianzong Shilu (憲宗實錄)	Emperor Xianzong of Ming a.k.a. the Chenghua
Xiaozong Shilu (孝宗實錄)	Emperor Xiaoping of Ming a.k.a. the Hongzhi
Wuzong Shilu (武宗實錄)	Emperor Wuzong of Ming a.k.a. the Zhengde Emperor
Shizong Shilu (世宗實錄)	Emperor Shizong of Ming a.k.a. the Jiajing Emperor
Muzong Shilu (穆宗實錄)	Emperor Muzong of Ming a.k.a. the Longqing Emperor
Shenzong Shilu (神宗實錄)	Emperor Shenzong of Ming a.k.a. the Wanli Emperor
Guangzong Shilu (光宗實錄)	Emperor Guangzong a.k.a. the Taichang Emperor
Xizong Shilu (熹宗實錄)	Emperor Xizong of Ming a.k.a. the Tianqi Emperor

References

Citations

^ "The Wealth of a Rising Empire: The Manchu Acquisition of Currencies, People, Lands and Industries before the Conquest of China (1583-1643)" (PDF). Retrieved September 19, 2023.
^ Wade 2005, p. 3.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Dreyer 2007, 217–218.
^ Wade 2005, p. 4.

Sources

Works cited

Dreyer, Edward L. (2007). Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433. New York. NY: Pearson Longman. ISBN 9780321084439.
Wade, Geoff (2005). "The Ming Shi-lu as a source for Southeast Asian History" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2005. provides detailed and extensive background information on how the Ming Shi-lu was composed and the rhetoric that it uses.

External links

"Veritable Records of the Ming Dynasty, Joseon Dynasty & Qing Dynasty". sinica.edu.tw (in Traditional Chinese). Academia Sinica.
"Veritable Records of the Ming, Veritable Records of the Qing". history.go.kr (in Korean and Traditional Chinese). National Institute of Korean History.
Interactive scholarly edition, with critical English translation and multimodal resources mashup (publications, images, videos) Engineering Historical Memory.

[1] "The Wealth of a Rising Empire: The Manchu Acquisition of Currencies, People, Lands and Industries before the Conquest of China (1583-1643)" (PDF). Retrieved September 19, 2023.

[FOOTNOTEWade20053-2] Wade 2005, p. 3.

[d7-217-8-3] Dreyer 2007, 217–218.

[FOOTNOTEWade20054-4] Wade 2005, p. 4.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Imperial annals of Ming dynasty emperors}}
 {{italic title}}
 {{distinguish|text=the [[History of Ming]], also known as the Mingshi}}
-The '''''Ming Shilu''''' ({{zh |t = 明實錄 |s = 明实录 |first = t |l = ''''[[Veritable Records]] of Ming'''' }}) contains the imperial annals of the [[Ming Dynasty|Ming]] emperors (1368–1644). It is the single largest historical source for the dynasty. According to modern historians, it  "plays an extremely important role in the historical reconstruction of Ming society and politics."{{sfn|Wade|2005|p=3}} After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the  ''Ming Shilu'' was used as a primary source for the compilation of the ''Mingshi'' (''[[History of Ming]]'').<ref name="d7-217-8" />
+The '''''Ming Veritable Records'''''<ref>{{cite web | url = https://publikationen.uni-tuebingen.de/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10900/110639/The%20Wealth%20of%20a%20Rising%20Empire-LIANG%20Yong_HUV2.pdf | title = The Wealth of a Rising Empire: The Manchu Acquisition of Currencies, People, Lands and Industries before the Conquest of China (1583-1643) | access-date = September 19, 2023}}</ref> or '''''Ming Shilu''''' ({{zh |t = 明實錄 |s = 明实录 |first = t |l = [[Veritable Records]] of Ming }}), contains the imperial annals of the emperors of the [[Ming dynasty]] (1368–1644). It is the single largest historical source for the dynasty. According to modern historians, it  "plays an extremely important role in the historical reconstruction of Ming society and politics."{{sfn|Wade|2005|p=3}} After the fall of the Ming dynasty, the  ''Ming Veritable Records'' was used as a primary source for the compilation of the ''[[History of Ming]]'' by the [[Qing dynasty]].<ref name="d7-217-8" />
-== Contents ==
+== Historical sources ==
+The [[Veritable Records]] (''shilu'') for each emperor was composed after the emperor's death by a History Office appointed by the [[Grand Secretariat]] using different types of historical sources such as:{{sfn|Wade|2005|p=4}}
-; Sections of different genres/sources
-The section (shilu) for each emperor was composed after the emperor's death by a History Office appointed by the [[Grand Secretariat]] using different types of historical sources such as:{{sfn|Wade|2005|p=4}}
 # "The Qiju zhu ({{zh |t = 起居注 |p = qǐjūzhù }}), or 'Diaries of Activity and Repose'. These were daily records of the actions and words of the Emperor in court."
-# "The 'Daily Records' ({{zh |t = 日曆 |p = rìlì }}). These records, established precisely as a source for the compilation of the shilu, were compiled by a committee on the basis of the diaries and other written sources."
+# "The 'Daily Records' ({{zh |t = 日曆 |p = rìlì }}). These records, established precisely as a source for the compilation of the Veritable Records, were compiled by a committee on the basis of the diaries and other written sources."
 # Other sources such as materials collected from provincial centres and "culled from other official sources such as memorials, ministerial papers and the Metropolitan Gazette."
+== List of books ==
-; Books on each emperor
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
+! [[Veritable Records]]
-! style="width:200px;"|Record
-! style="width:200px;"|Emperor
+! Emperor
 |-
 | ''Taizu Shilu'' (太祖實錄)
-| Taizu or [[Hongwu Emperor|Hongwu]]<ref name=d7-217-8>{{Harvnb|Dreyer|2007|loc=217–218}}.</ref>
+| Emperor [[Hongwu Emperor|Taizu]] of Ming {{aka}} the [[Hongwu Emperor]]<ref name="d7-217-8">{{Harvnb|Dreyer|2007|loc=217–218}}.</ref>
 |-
 | ''Taizong Shilu'' (太宗實錄)
-| Taizong or [[Yongle Emperor|Yongle]] (including the preceding [[Jianwen Emperor|Jianwen]] reign)<ref name=d7-217-8/>
+| Emperor [[Yongle Emperor|Taizong]] of Ming {{aka}} the [[Yongle Emperor]] (including the preceding [[Jianwen Emperor]]'s reign)<ref name="d7-217-8" />
 |-
 | ''Renzong Shilu'' (仁宗實錄)
-| Renzong or [[Hongxi Emperor|Hongxi]]<ref name=d7-217-8/>
+| Emperor Renzong of Ming {{aka}} [[Hongxi Emperor]]<ref name="d7-217-8" />
 |-
 | ''Xuanzong Shilu'' (宣宗實錄)
-| Xuanzong or [[Xuande Emperor|Xuande]]<ref name=d7-217-8/>
+| Emperor Xuanzong of Ming {{aka}} [[Xuande Emperor]]<ref name="d7-217-8" />
 |-
 | ''Yingzong Shilu'' (英宗實錄)
-| [[Emperor Yingzong of Ming|Yingzong]] (including the Zhengtong and Tianshun reigns, separated by the [[Jingtai Emperor|Jingtai]] reign)
+| [[Emperor Yingzong of Ming]] (including the [[Zhengtong]] and [[Emperor Yingzong of Ming|Tianshun]] reigns, separated by the [[Jingtai Emperor|Jingtai]] reign)
 |-
 | ''Xianzong Shilu'' (憲宗實錄)
-| Xianzong or [[Chenghua Emperor|Chenghua]]
+| Emperor Xianzong of Ming {{aka}} the [[Chenghua Emperor|Chenghua]]
 |-
 | ''Xiaozong Shilu'' (孝宗實錄)
-| Xiaozong or [[Hongzhi Emperor|Hongzhi]]
+| Emperor Xiaoping of Ming {{aka}} the [[Hongzhi Emperor|Hongzhi]]
 |-
 | ''Wuzong Shilu'' (武宗實錄)
-| Wuzong or [[Zhengde Emperor|Zhengde]]
+| Emperor Wuzong of Ming {{aka}} the [[Zhengde Emperor]]
 |-
 | ''Shizong Shilu'' (世宗實錄)
-| Shizong or [[Jiajing Emperor|Jiajing]]
+| Emperor Shizong of Ming {{aka}} the [[Jiajing Emperor]]
 |-
 | ''Muzong Shilu'' (穆宗實錄)
-| Muzong or [[Longqing Emperor|Longqing]]
+| Emperor Muzong of Ming {{aka}} the [[Longqing Emperor]]
 |-
 | ''Shenzong Shilu'' (神宗實錄)
-| Shenzong or [[Wanli Emperor|Wanli]]
+| Emperor Shenzong of Ming {{aka}} the [[Wanli Emperor]]
 |-
 | ''Guangzong Shilu'' (光宗實錄)
-| Guangzong or [[Taichang Emperor|Taichang]]
+| Emperor Guangzong {{aka}} the [[Taichang Emperor]]
 |-
 | ''Xizong Shilu'' (熹宗實錄)
-| Xizong or [[Tianqi Emperor|Tianqi]]
+| Emperor Xizong of Ming {{aka}} the [[Tianqi Emperor]]
 |}
+== See also ==
+* [[History of Ming]]
 == References ==
@@ Line 81: / Line 84: @@
 [[Category:Chinese history texts]]
 [[Category:Ming dynasty literature]]
-[[Category:Tai history]]
-[[Category:History of Laos]]
-[[Category:History of Myanmar]]
-[[Category:History of Malaysia]]
-[[Category:History of Vietnam]]
 [[Category:History books about the Ming dynasty]]