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{{Infobox disease |
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
Name = Breast disease |
| name = Breast disease
Image = |
| image =
Caption = |
| caption =
DiseasesDB = |
| pronounce =
ICD10 = {{ICD10|N|60||n|60}}-{{ICD10|N|64||n|60}} |
| field = [[Gynecology]]
ICD9 = {{ICD9|610}}-{{ICD9|611}} |
| synonyms = Breast problems
ICDO = |
| symptoms =
OMIM = |
| complications =
MedlinePlus = |
| onset =
| duration =
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eMedicineSubj = |
| types =
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eMedicineTopic = |
MeshID = D001941|
| causes =
| risks =
| diagnosis =
| differential =
| prevention =
| treatment =
| medication =
| prognosis =
| frequency =
| deaths =
}}
}}
'''Breast diseases''' make up a number of conditions. The most common symptoms are a [[breast mass]], [[breast pain]], and [[nipple discharge]].<ref name=AFP2012>{{cite journal |last1=Salzman |first1=B |last2=Fleegle |first2=S |last3=Tully |first3=AS |title=Common breast problems. |journal=American Family Physician |date=15 August 2012 |volume=86 |issue=4 |pages=343–9 |pmid=22963023}}</ref>
⚫
'''Breast diseases''' can be classified either with disorders of the [[integuement]], or disorders of the [[reproductive system]]. A majority of breast diseases are noncancerous.<ref name="urlMedlinePlus: Breast Diseases">{{cite web |url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/breastdiseases.html |title=MedlinePlus: Breast Diseases |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>


⚫
A majority of breast diseases are noncancerous.<ref name="urlMedlinePlus: Breast Diseases">{{cite web |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/breastdiseases.html |title=MedlinePlus: Breast Diseases |access-date=2018-03-21 |archive-date=2016-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705055617/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/breastdiseases.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
'''Breast awareness''' is a goal of the '''breast health''' movement. Rather than promoting the largely ineffective, formally structured [[breast self-examination]]s, breast awareness promotes informal familiarity with the normal state of a woman's breasts.
Although breast disease may be benign, or non-life threatening there remains an associated risk with potentially a higher risk of developing breast cancer later on.<ref>{{cite web |title=Non-Cancerous Breast Conditions {{!}} Benign Conditions |url=https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions.html#:~:text=Benign%20(non%2Dcancerous)%20breast,getting%20breast%20cancer%20later%20on. |website=www.cancer.org |language=en}}</ref>


==Neoplasms==
==Tumor==
[[Image:En Breast cancer illustrations.gif|thumb|upright|Illustration of the early warning signs of [[breast cancer]]]]
[[Image:En_Breast_cancer_illustrations.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Early warning signs of [[breast cancer]]]]
A ''breast neoplasm'' is an abnormal mass of tissue in the [[breast]] as a result of [[neoplasia]]. A breast neoplasm may be [[benign]], as in [[fibroadenoma]], or it may be [[malignant]], in which case it is termed [[breast cancer]]. Either case commonly presents as a [[breast lump]]. Approximately 7% of breast lumps are fibroadenomas and 10% are breast cancer, the rest being other benign conditions or no disease.<ref name=Robbins>Page 739 in: {{cite book |author=Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson |title=Robbins Basic Pathology|publisher=Saunders |location=Philadelphia |year= |pages= |isbn=1-4160-2973-7 |oclc= |doi=}} 8th edition.</ref>
A breast tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue in the [[breast]] as a result of [[neoplasia]]. A breast neoplasm may be [[benign]], as in [[fibroadenoma]], or it may be [[malignant]], in which case it is termed [[breast cancer]]. Either case commonly presents as a [[breast lump]]. Approximately 7% of breast lumps are fibroadenomas and 10% are breast cancer, the rest being other benign conditions or no disease.<ref name=Robbins>Page 739 in: {{cite book |author1=Mitchell, Richard Sheppard |author2=Kumar, Vinay |author3=Abbas, Abul K. |author4=Fausto, Nelson |title=Robbins Basic Pathology|year=2007 |publisher=Saunders |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-1-4160-2973-1 }} 8th edition.</ref>


[[Phyllodes tumor]] is a fibroepithelial tumor which can either benign, broderline or malignant.
[[Phyllodes tumor]] is a fibroepithelial tumor which can be benign, borderline or malignant.


===Malignant neoplasms (breast cancer)===
===Breast cancer===
{{Main|Breast cancer}}
{{Main|Breast cancer}}
Breast cancer is cancer of the breast tissues, most commonly arising from the milk ducts. Worldwide, breast cancer is the leading type of cancer in women, accounting for 25% of all cases.<ref name="WCR2014Epi">{{cite book|title=World Cancer Report 2014|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-92-832-0429-9|pages=Chapter 1.1}}</ref> It is most common in women over age 50.
Among women worldwide, breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death.<ref>{{cite web |author=[[World Health Organization]] |month=February |year=2006 |title=Fact sheet No. 297: Cancer |url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/index.html |accessdate=2007-04-26}}</ref> [[Breast self-examination]] (BSE) is an easy but unreliable method for finding possible [[breast cancer]].<ref>[http://www.thebreastsite.com/breast-cancer/breast-self-examination.aspx Breast Self Examination at The Breast Site<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Factors that appear to be implicated in decreasing the risk of, early diagnosis of. or recurrence of breast cancer are regular breast examinations by health care professionals, regular [[mammograms]], [[Breast self-examination|self-examination of breasts]], healthy diet, and exercise to decrease excess body fat.<ref>[http://hms.harvard.edu/public/disease/breast_cancer/7things.html Seven things you should know about breast cancer risk] Harvard College. Last updated June 2008</ref>

Signs of breast cancer may include a [[Breast lump|lump]] in the breast, a change in breast shape, [[dimpling]] of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, or a red or scaly patch of skin.<ref name="NCI2014Pt">{{cite web|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/breast/Patient/page1/AllPages|title=Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)|date=23 May 2014|website=NCI|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705110404/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/breast/Patient/page1/AllPages|archive-date=5 July 2014|url-status=live|access-date=29 June 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Diagnosis may also be made when the cancer is asymptomatic, through [[breast cancer screening]] programs, such as [[mammogram]]s. Outcomes for breast cancer vary depending on the cancer type, [[Cancer staging|extent of disease]], and person's age.<ref name="NCI2014TxProf">{{cite web|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/breast/healthprofessional/page1/AllPages|title=Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)|date=26 June 2014|website=NCI|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705110521/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/breast/healthprofessional/page1/AllPages|archive-date=5 July 2014|url-status=live|access-date=29 June 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Survival rates in the [[developed world]] are high,<ref name="WCR2008">{{cite web|url=http://www.iarc.fr/en/publications/pdfs-online/wcr/2008/wcr_2008.pdf|title=World Cancer Report|year=2008|publisher=[[International Agency for Research on Cancer]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720232417/http://www.iarc.fr/en/publications/pdfs-online/wcr/2008/wcr_2008.pdf|archive-date=20 July 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=26 February 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> with between 80% and 90% of those in England and the United States [[Five-year survival rate|alive for at least 5 years]].<ref name="SEER2014">{{cite web|url=http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/breast.html|title=SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Breast Cancer|website=NCI|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703030149/http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/breast.html|archive-date=3 July 2014|url-status=live|access-date=18 June 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="UK2013Prog">{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_333318.pdf|title=Cancer Survival in England: Patients Diagnosed 2007–2011 and Followed up to 2012|date=29 October 2013|website=Office for National Statistics|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129124915/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_333318.pdf|archive-date=29 November 2014|url-status=live|access-date=29 June 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>


==Fibrocystic breast changes==
==Fibrocystic breast changes==
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==Infections and inflammations==
==Infections and inflammations==
⚫
{{Main|Mastitis}}
These may be caused among others by trauma, secretory stasis/milk engorgement, hormonal stimulation, infections or autoimmune reactions.
These may be caused among others by trauma, secretory stasis/milk engorgement, hormonal stimulation, infections or autoimmune reactions.
Repeated occurrence unrelated to lactation requires endocrinological examination.
Repeated occurrence unrelated to lactation requires endocrinological examination.

⚫
{{Main|Mastitis}}


* bacterial mastitis
* bacterial mastitis
* mastitis from milk engorgement or secretory [[stasis (medicine)|stasis]]
* mastitis from milk engorgement or secretory [[stasis (medicine)|stasis]]
* mastitis of [[mumps]]
* mastitis
* chronic [[subareolar abscess]]
* chronic [[subareolar abscess]]
* [[tuberculosis]] of the breast
* [[tuberculosis]] of the breast
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* [[duct ectasia syndrome]]
* [[duct ectasia syndrome]]
* [[breast engorgement]]
* [[breast engorgement]]

==Abnormal nipple conditions==
[[Image:Invertednipple.jpg|thumb|right|Breast with an inverted nipple.]]
Abnormal [[nipple]] conditions include:
* [[nipple discharge]]
* [[inverted nipple]]s
* [[supernumerary nipples]]


==Other breast conditions==
==Other breast conditions==
⚫
* [[Mondor's disease]]
* [[accessory breast|supernumerary breasts]]
* [[gynecomastia]] (males)
⚫
* [[Mondor's disease|Mondor’s disease]]
* [[Paget's disease of the breast]]
* [[Paget's disease of the breast]]
* [[nipple discharge]], [[galactorrhea]]
* [[nipple discharge]], [[galactorrhea]]
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==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Irshad | first1 = A. | last2 = Ackerman | first2 = S. J. | last3 = Pope | first3 = T. L. | last4 = Moses | first4 = C. K. | last5 = Rumboldt | first5 = T. | last6 = Panzegrau | first6 = B. | doi = 10.1148/rg.285075743 | title = Rare Breast Lesions: Correlation of Imaging and Histologic Features with WHO Classification1 | journal = Radiographics | volume = 28 | issue = 5 | pages = 1399–1414 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18794315 }}
* {{cite pmid|18794315}}


== External links ==
{{Medical conditions}}
{{Medical resources
| DiseasesDB =
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|N|60||n|60}}-{{ICD10|N|64||n|60}}
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|610}}-{{ICD9|611}}
| ICDO =
| OMIM =
| MedlinePlus =
⚫
| eMedicineSubj =
⚫
| eMedicineTopic =
| MeshID = D001941
| SNOMED CT = 79604008
}}
{{Diseases of the breast}}
{{Diseases of the breast}}
{{Disease groups}}

[[Category:Breast diseases|Breast diseases]]
[[Category:Breast diseases|Breast diseases]]

Revision as of 14:22, 24 May 2024

Breast disease
Other namesBreast problems
SpecialtyGynecology

Breast diseases make up a number of conditions. The most common symptoms are a breast mass, breast pain, and nipple discharge.[1]

A majority of breast diseases are noncancerous.[2] Although breast disease may be benign, or non-life threatening there remains an associated risk with potentially a higher risk of developing breast cancer later on.[3]

Tumor

Early warning signs of breast cancer

A breast tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue in the breast as a result of neoplasia. A breast neoplasm may be benign, as in fibroadenoma, or it may be malignant, in which case it is termed breast cancer. Either case commonly presents as a breast lump. Approximately 7% of breast lumps are fibroadenomas and 10% are breast cancer, the rest being other benign conditions or no disease.[4]

Phyllodes tumor is a fibroepithelial tumor which can be benign, borderline or malignant.

Breast cancer

Main article: Breast cancer

Breast cancer is cancer of the breast tissues, most commonly arising from the milk ducts. Worldwide, breast cancer is the leading type of cancer in women, accounting for 25% of all cases.[5] It is most common in women over age 50.

Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, or a red or scaly patch of skin.[6] Diagnosis may also be made when the cancer is asymptomatic, through breast cancer screening programs, such as mammograms. Outcomes for breast cancer vary depending on the cancer type, extent of disease, and person's age.[7] Survival rates in the developed world are high,[8] with between 80% and 90% of those in England and the United States alive for at least 5 years.[9][10]

Fibrocystic breast changes

Main article: Fibrocystic breast changes

Also called: fibrocystic breast disease, chronic cystic mastitis, diffuse cystic mastopathy, mammary dysplasia

Infections and inflammations

Main article: Mastitis

These may be caused among others by trauma, secretory stasis/milk engorgement, hormonal stimulation, infections or autoimmune reactions. Repeated occurrence unrelated to lactation requires endocrinological examination.

Other breast conditions

See also

References

  1. ^ Salzman, B; Fleegle, S; Tully, AS (15 August 2012). "Common breast problems". American Family Physician. 86 (4): 343–9. PMID 22963023.
  2. ^ "MedlinePlus: Breast Diseases". Archived from the original on 2016-07-05. Retrieved 2018-03-21.
  3. ^ "Non-Cancerous Breast Conditions | Benign Conditions". www.cancer.org.
  4. ^ Page 739 in: Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson (2007). Robbins Basic Pathology. Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 978-1-4160-2973-1. 8th edition.
  5. ^ World Cancer Report 2014. World Health Organization. 2014. pp. Chapter 1.1. ISBN 978-92-832-0429-9.
  6. ^ "Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)". NCI. 23 May 2014. Archived from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
  7. ^ "Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)". NCI. 26 June 2014. Archived from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
  8. ^ "World Cancer Report" (PDF). International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
  9. ^ "SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Breast Cancer". NCI. Archived from the original on 3 July 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  10. ^ "Cancer Survival in England: Patients Diagnosed 2007–2011 and Followed up to 2012" (PDF). Office for National Statistics. 29 October 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014.

Further reading

  • Irshad, A.; Ackerman, S. J.; Pope, T. L.; Moses, C. K.; Rumboldt, T.; Panzegrau, B. (2008). "Rare Breast Lesions: Correlation of Imaging and Histologic Features with WHO Classification1". Radiographics. 28 (5): 1399–1414. doi:10.1148/rg.285075743. PMID 18794315.
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