Kaituozhe (rocket family): Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Chinese solid fueled launch vehicle based on the road mobile DF-21 IRBM }} |
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{{redirect|Kaituozhe-1|the drone aircraft "Pioneer I"|Genius Hi-Tech UAV}} |
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{{More citations needed|date=June 2008}} |
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== Kaituozhe-1 == |
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== Kaituozhe-1 == |
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{{anchor|KT-1}} |
{{anchor|KT-1}} |
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'''Kaituozhe-1''' ('''KT-1''') was small, solid fueled launch vehicle based on the road mobile [[DF-21]] IRBM with an additional upper stage (in total 4 stages<ref name="ChinaSpaceReport"/>). It was 13.6 meters in length and 1.4 meters in diameter, with launch mass of 20t. It was possible to launch KT-1 both from a truck-based platform or from airborne platform.<ref name="ChinaSpaceReport"/> It had a 100 kg to LEO payload capacity. It was possibly the launch vehicle for a Chinese ASAT system that was tested against an old Chinese weather satellite in 2007.<ref name="Gunter"/> |
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The Kaituozhe-1 (KT-1) |
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⚫ | The vehicle has performed two flights, the first on 15 September 2002 and the second 16 September 2003. The first flight failed to place a 50 kg [[satellite]] into polar orbit due to a second stage malfunction. The second flight was also a failure, however Chinese officials declared some success citing the guidance systems, fairing separation and satellite-launcher separation as successful. The second launch sent the payload, PS-2 microsatellite (40 kg) into wrong orbit. The satellite completed barely one orbit before re-entering the atmosphere.<ref name="ChinaSpaceReport"/> |
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=== Kaituozhe-1A === |
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{{anchor|KT-1A}} |
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The Kaituozhe-1A (KT-1A) |
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The Kaituozhe-1 launcher appears to have been cancelled after two unsuccessful launches. A third (in 2004) and fourth launch have been rumored, but are not confirmed.<ref name="Gunter">{{Cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/kaituozhe-1.htm|title=Kaituozhe-1 (KT-1)|website=space.skyrocket.de|access-date=2017-03-03}}</ref><ref name="ChinaSpaceReport"/> |
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=== Kaituozhe-1B === |
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{{anchor|KT-1B}} |
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The rocket had three variants: the '''Kaituozhe-1''' ('''KT-1'''), the '''Kaituozhe-1A''' ('''KT-1A''', originally designated KT-2, not to be confused with KT-2 below) and the '''Kaituozhe-1B''' ('''KT-1B''', originally designated KT-2A, not to be confused with KT-2A below). The rockets that flew were of the KT-1 variant. The KT-1A and KT-1B variant rockets were not built.<ref name="ChinaSpaceReport"/> |
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The Kaituozhe-1B (KT-1B) |
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== Kaituozhe-2 == |
== Kaituozhe-2 == |
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Like its predecessor the '''Kaituozhe-2''' ('''KT-2''') is a solid-fueled launch vehicle which could be based on the [[DF-31|DF-31 missile]].<ref name=sfn-20170303/> Two versions |
Like its predecessor the '''Kaituozhe-2''' ('''KT-2''') is a solid-fueled launch vehicle which could be based on the [[DF-31|DF-31 missile]].<ref name=sfn-20170303/> Two versions have been proposed:{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} |
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=== Kaituozhe-2 === |
=== Kaituozhe-2 === |
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{{anchor|KT-2}} |
{{anchor|KT-2}} |
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The Kaituozhe-2 (KT-2) features a possibly DF-31 based stage 1, topped by a |
The '''Kaituozhe-2''' ('''KT-2''', AKA '''Kaituo-2''') features a possibly DF-31 based stage 1, topped by a small diameter stage 2 and 3. It has reportedly a payload of 800 kg to low earth orbit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/kaituozhe-2.htm|title=Kaituozhe-2 (KT-2)|website=space.skyrocket.de|access-date=2017-03-03}}</ref> |
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The maiden flight of the |
The maiden flight of the Kaituozhe-2<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/China/Kaituozhe-2/Description/Text.htm |title=Kaituozhe KT-2 |work=Spacerockets |first1=Norbert |last1=Brügge |access-date=14 February 2017}}</ref> took place at 23:45 UTC on March 2, 2017, from [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan]] (apparently from one of the two solid rocket launch pads<ref name="ChinaSpaceReport"/>).<ref name=sfn-20170303>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2017/03/03/small-experimental-satellite-launched-by-new-chinese-rocket/ |title=Small experimental satellite launched by new Chinese rocket |first1=Stephen |last1=Clark |publisher=Spaceflight Now |date=3 March 2017 |access-date=7 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2017/03/experimental-tk-1-lofted-kt-2-launch/|title=Experimental Tiankun-1 lofted during secretive KT-2 launch|website=NASASpaceflight.com|date=3 March 2017|access-date=2017-03-03}}</ref> The rocket placed the [[Tiankun-1]] (TK-1) satellite into polar orbit.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://spaceflight101.com/china-conducts-secretive-debut-launch-of-kaituozhe-2-rocket/ |title = China conducts secretive Debut Launch of Kaituozhe-2 Rocket – Spaceflight101| date=3 March 2017 }}</ref> |
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The KT-2 is a rapid-response launcher; the rocket is capable of mobile-launch from a transporter-erector-launcher (TEL) vehicle.<ref name="ChinaSpaceReport">{{Cite web | url=https://chinaspacereport.wordpress.com/2017/03/03/casic-kt-2-lofts-small-satellite-into-orbit/ |title = CASIC KT-2 lofts small satellite into orbit|date = 3 March 2017}}</ref> |
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=== Kaituozhe-2A === |
=== Kaituozhe-2A === |
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{{anchor|KT-2A}} |
{{anchor|KT-2A}} |
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The Kaituozhe-2A (KT-2A) features a possibly DF-31 based stage 1, augmented by two DF-21 based strap-on boosters. It features a stage 2 with the same diameter as the stage 1 and the same smaller diameter stage 3 as the Kaituozhe-2. It has reportedly a payload of 2000 |
The Kaituozhe-2A (KT-2A) features a possibly DF-31 based stage 1, augmented by two DF-21 based strap-on boosters. It features a stage 2 with the same diameter as the stage 1 and the same smaller diameter stage 3 as the Kaituozhe-2. It has reportedly a payload of 2000 kg to low Earth orbit.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Comparison of orbital launchers families]] |
* [[Comparison of orbital launchers families]] |
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* [[Comparison of orbital launch systems]] |
* [[Comparison of orbital launch systems]] |
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* [[Kuaizhou|Kuaizhou launcher]] |
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* [[Long March 6]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Chinese launch systems}} |
{{Chinese launch systems}} |
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{{Expendable launch systems}} |
{{Expendable launch systems}} |
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{{Chinese space program}} |
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[[Category:Space launch vehicles of China]] |
[[Category:Space launch vehicles of China]] |
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[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 2002]] |
[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 2002]] |
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{{china-stub}} |
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{{rocket-stub}} |
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{{space-stub}} |
Latest revision as of 17:30, 24 May 2024
This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2008) |
The Kaituozhe (Chinese: 开拓者; pinyin: kāi tuò zhě; lit. 'pioneer') or KT rocket family is a series of launch vehicles built by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC).
Kaituozhe-1
[edit]Kaituozhe-1 (KT-1) was small, solid fueled launch vehicle based on the road mobile DF-21 IRBM with an additional upper stage (in total 4 stages[1]). It was 13.6 meters in length and 1.4 meters in diameter, with launch mass of 20t. It was possible to launch KT-1 both from a truck-based platform or from airborne platform.[1] It had a 100 kg to LEO payload capacity. It was possibly the launch vehicle for a Chinese ASAT system that was tested against an old Chinese weather satellite in 2007.[2]
The vehicle has performed two flights, the first on 15 September 2002 and the second 16 September 2003. The first flight failed to place a 50 kg satellite into polar orbit due to a second stage malfunction. The second flight was also a failure, however Chinese officials declared some success citing the guidance systems, fairing separation and satellite-launcher separation as successful. The second launch sent the payload, PS-2 microsatellite (40 kg) into wrong orbit. The satellite completed barely one orbit before re-entering the atmosphere.[1]
The Kaituozhe-1 launcher appears to have been cancelled after two unsuccessful launches. A third (in 2004) and fourth launch have been rumored, but are not confirmed.[2][1]
The rocket had three variants: the Kaituozhe-1 (KT-1), the Kaituozhe-1A (KT-1A, originally designated KT-2, not to be confused with KT-2 below) and the Kaituozhe-1B (KT-1B, originally designated KT-2A, not to be confused with KT-2A below). The rockets that flew were of the KT-1 variant. The KT-1A and KT-1B variant rockets were not built.[1]
Kaituozhe-2
[edit]Like its predecessor the Kaituozhe-2 (KT-2) is a solid-fueled launch vehicle which could be based on the DF-31 missile.[3] Two versions have been proposed:[citation needed]
Kaituozhe-2
[edit]The Kaituozhe-2 (KT-2, AKA Kaituo-2) features a possibly DF-31 based stage 1, topped by a small diameter stage 2 and 3. It has reportedly a payload of 800 kg to low earth orbit.[4]
The maiden flight of the Kaituozhe-2[5] took place at 23:45 UTC on March 2, 2017, from Jiuquan (apparently from one of the two solid rocket launch pads[1]).[3][6] The rocket placed the Tiankun-1 (TK-1) satellite into polar orbit.[7]
The KT-2 is a rapid-response launcher; the rocket is capable of mobile-launch from a transporter-erector-launcher (TEL) vehicle.[1]
Kaituozhe-2A
[edit]The Kaituozhe-2A (KT-2A) features a possibly DF-31 based stage 1, augmented by two DF-21 based strap-on boosters. It features a stage 2 with the same diameter as the stage 1 and the same smaller diameter stage 3 as the Kaituozhe-2. It has reportedly a payload of 2000 kg to low Earth orbit.[citation needed]
See also
[edit]- Comparison of orbital launchers families
- Comparison of orbital launch systems
- Kuaizhou launcher
- Long March 6
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g "CASIC KT-2 lofts small satellite into orbit". 3 March 2017.
- ^ a b "Kaituozhe-1 (KT-1)". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2017-03-03.
- ^ a b Clark, Stephen (3 March 2017). "Small experimental satellite launched by new Chinese rocket". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
- ^ "Kaituozhe-2 (KT-2)". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2017-03-03.
- ^ Brügge, Norbert. "Kaituozhe KT-2". Spacerockets. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
- ^ "Experimental Tiankun-1 lofted during secretive KT-2 launch". NASASpaceflight.com. 3 March 2017. Retrieved 2017-03-03.
- ^ "China conducts secretive Debut Launch of Kaituozhe-2 Rocket – Spaceflight101". 3 March 2017.