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{{short description|Sultan of Aceh (1579–1585/6)}}
⚫
'''Sultan Alauddin Mansur Syah''' (died 1585 or 1586) was the eighth [[sultan of Aceh]] in northern [[Sumatra]]. He ruled Aceh from 1579 to 1585 or 11586 and was known as a pious Muslim ruler with cultural interests. His reign also saw some military expansion on the [[Malay Peninsula]].
{{Infobox monarch
| name = Alauddin Mansur Syah
| title =
| image = File:Rajamancor of Aceh.jpg
| caption =
| full name =
| succession = Sultan of [[Aceh Sultanate]]
| reign = 5 October 1579 – 1585/1586
| predecessor = [[Zainul Abidin of Aceh|Zainul Abidin]]
| successor = [[Sultan Buyung]]
| spouse = Abdul Khana
| issue =
| royal house = [[Sultan of Perak|Perak]]
| father = [[Mansur Shah I of Perak]]
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Perak|Negeri Perak]]
| death_date = 1585/1586
| death_place = [[Banda Aceh]], [[Aceh Sultanate]], [[Ottoman Empire]] (now [[Indonesia]])
| date of burial =
| place of burial =
}}

⚫
'''Sultan Alauddin Mansur Syah''' (died 1585 or 1586) was the eighth [[Sultan of Aceh]] in northern [[Sumatra]]. He ruled Aceh from 1579 to 1585 or 1586 and was known as a pious Muslim ruler with cultural interests. His reign also saw some military expansion on the [[Malay Peninsula]]. With his death ended a 65-year long period of warfare between Aceh and the [[Portugal|Portuguese]].


==Background==
==Background==


The Acehnese sultan [[Ali Ri'ayat Syah I]] attacked and defeated the tin-producing [[Ethnic Malays|Malay]] kingdom [[Perak]] in 1575. The widow and children of the slain Sultan Ahmad were brought along to Aceh. One of the captive princes, Mansur, married Abdul Khana who was either the widow of a previous sultan or a relative of the sultan's family. After the death of Ali Ri'ayat Syah in 1579 three sultans sat on the shaky throne in the course of four months. When the last, [[Zainul Abidin of Aceh|Zainul Abidin]] was killed, there were probably no more adult descendants of [[Ali Mughayat Syah]]. As a descendant of the old [[Melaka Sultanate|Melaka sultans]] and of [[Iskandar Zulkarnain]] ([[Alexander the Great]]), Prince Mansur was considered eligible. He was placed on the throne under the name Sultan Alauddin Mansur Syah, in about October 1579.<ref>Encyclopaedie (1917), Vol. 1, p. 74.</ref>
The Acehnese sultan [[Ali Ri'ayat Syah I]] attacked and defeated the tin-producing [[Ethnic Malays|Malay]] kingdom [[Perak]] in 1573. The widow and children of the slain Sultan [[Mansur Shah I of Perak]] were brought along to Aceh.<ref name="orangeperak">{{Cite web |last=Jasbindar |first=Freddie Aziz |date=17 January 2020 |title=Sultan Mansur Shah I (Sultan Perak ke 2) |url=https://www.orangperak.com/sultan-mansur-shah-i-sultan-perak-ke-2.html |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=www.orangperak.com |language=en-US}}</ref> After the death of Ali Ri'ayat Syah in 1579 three sultans sat on the shaky throne in the course of four months. When the last, [[Zainul Abidin of Aceh|Zainul Abidin]] was killed, there were probably no more adult descendants of [[Ali Mughayat Syah]]. As a descendant of both the old [[Melaka Sultanate|Melaka sultans]] and descendants of "what is believed by court contemporaries as Iskandar Zulkarnain ([[Alexander the Great]])", Prince Mansur was considered eligible. He was placed on the throne under the name Sultan Alauddin Mansur Syah, in about October 1579.<ref>Encyclopaedie (1917), Vol. 1, p. 74.</ref>


==Reign==
==Reign==


Sultan Alauddin Mansur is praised by the chronicles for his pious demeanour. He ordered his uleëbalangs (chiefs) to grow a beard and wear [[jubba]] and [[turban]] - in other words to dress Arabic.<ref>Iskandar (1958), p. 41.</ref> During his reign many [[ulema]]s from other parts of the Islamic world visited Aceh. The sources mention Shaykh Abd al-Khair from [[Mecca]] who taught about dogma and mysticism, Shaykh Muhammad Yamani who taught about [[fiqh]], and Shaykh Muhammad Jailani from Ranir in [[Gujerat]], uncle of the more famous scholar [[Nuruddin ar-Raniri]] who taught logic, rhetoric, etc.<ref>Djajadiningrat (1911), pp. 160-1.</ref> In 1582 the sultan dispatched a fleet against [[Johor]] on the Malay Peninsula. On its way thither it attacked [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Melaka]] without success. However, Johor was successfully sacked. Although it was a Muslim power, Johor was seen as a dangerous rival in the region. The enterprise was a stage in the triangular fight between Aceh, Johore and the Portuguese which enabled the last-mentioned to hold out.<ref>Hadi (2004), p. 30.</ref>
Sultan Alauddin Mansur is praised by the chronicles for his pious demeanour. He ordered his uleëbalangs (chiefs) to grow a beard and wear [[jubba]] and [[turban]] - in other words to dress Arabic.<ref>Iskandar (1958), p. 41.</ref> During his reign many [[ulema]]s from other parts of the Islamic world visited Aceh. The sources mention Shaykh Abd al-Khair from [[Mecca]] who taught about dogma and mysticism, Shaykh Muhammad Yamani who taught about [[fiqh]], and Shaykh Muhammad Jailani from Ranir in [[Gujarat]], uncle of the more famous scholar [[Nuruddin ar-Raniri]] who taught logic, rhetoric, etc.<ref>Djajadiningrat (1911), pp. 160-1.</ref> In 1582 the sultan dispatched a fleet against [[Johor]] on the Malay Peninsula. On its way thither it attacked [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Melaka]] without success. However, Johor was successfully sacked. Although it was a Muslim power, Johor was seen as a dangerous rival in the region. The enterprise was a stage in the triangular fight between Aceh, Johore and the Portuguese which enabled the last-mentioned to hold out.<ref>Hadi (2004), p. 30.</ref>


==Assassination==
==Assassination==


New plans to attack the Portuguese were drawn up, but never came to fruition. In 1585 or 1586 he was murdered under unclear circumstances. According to the Portuguese chronicler [[Diogo do Couto]] a general and former slave, Mora Ratissa, killed him. According to a French account the murderer was a fisherman who had risen in the ranks of the kingdom through his military courage; this person later became sultan of Aceh under the name [[Alauddin Ri'ayat Syah Sayyid al-Mukammal]].<ref>Djajadiningrat (1911), p. 161-3.</ref> The murdered ruler left a young grandson, Raja Asyem, born from his daughter and the Johor sultan [[Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II]]. However, the successor of Sultan Alauddin Mansur Syah was another non-Acehnese, [[Sultan Buyung]] from Indrapura.
New plans to attack the Portuguese were drawn up, but never came to fruition. In 1585 or 1586 he was murdered under unclear circumstances. According to the Portuguese chronicler [[Diogo do Couto]] a general and former slave, Mora Ratissa, killed him. According to a French account the murderer was a fisherman who had risen in the ranks of the kingdom through his military courage; this person later became sultan of Aceh under the name [[Alauddin Ri'ayat Syah Sayyid al-Mukammal]].<ref>Djajadiningrat (1911), p. 161-3.</ref> The murdered ruler left a young grandson, Raja Asyem, born from his daughter and the Johor sultan [[Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II]]. However, the successor of Sultan Alauddin Mansur Syah was another non-Acehnese, [[Sultan Buyung]] from Indrapura.

==See also==
* [[Acehnese-Portuguese conflicts]]


==References==
==References==
Line 19: Line 46:
==Literature==
==Literature==


* Djajadiningrat, Raden Hoesein (1911) 'Critisch overzicht van de in Maleische werken vervatte gegevens over de geschiedenis van het soeltanaat van Atjeh', ''Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde'' 65, pp. 135-265.
* Djajadiningrat, Raden Hoesein (1911) 'Critisch overzicht van de in Maleische werken vervatte gegevens over de geschiedenis van het soeltanaat van Atjeh', ''Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde'' 65, pp. 135–265.
* ''Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch Indië'', Vol. 1 (1917). 's Gravenhage & Leiden: Nijhoff & Brill.
* ''Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch Indië'', Vol. 1 (1917). 's Gravenhage & Leiden: Nijhoff & Brill.
* Hadi, Amirul (2004) ''Islam and State in Sumatra: A Study of Seventeenth-Century Aceh''. Leiden: Brill.
* Hadi, Amirul (2004) ''Islam and State in Sumatra: A Study of Seventeenth-Century Aceh''. Leiden: Brill.
* Iskandar, Teuku (1958) ''De Hikajat Atjeh''. 's Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff.
* Iskandar, Teuku (1958) ''De Hikajat Atjeh''. 's Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff.



{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
{{succession box |
before=[[Zainul Abidin of Aceh|Zainul Abidin]] |
before=[[Zainul Abidin of Aceh|Zainul Abidin]] |
title=[[Sultan of Aceh]] |
title=[[Sultan|Sulṭān]] of [[Aceh Sultanate|Acèh Darussalam]] |
years=1579-1585/86 |
years=1579-1585/86 |
after=[[Sultan Buyung]]
after=[[Sultan Buyung]]
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{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Syah, Alauddin Mansur}}


[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
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[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:Sultans of Aceh]]
[[Category:Sultans of Aceh]]
[[Category:16th-century rulers]]
[[Category:16th-century monarchs in Asia]]
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[[Category:1585 deaths]]
[[Category:16th-century Indonesian people]]

Latest revision as of 00:40, 25 May 2024

Alauddin Mansur Syah
Sultan of Aceh Sultanate
Reign5 October 1579 – 1585/1586
PredecessorZainul Abidin
SuccessorSultan Buyung
BornNegeri Perak
Died1585/1586
Banda Aceh, Aceh Sultanate, Ottoman Empire (now Indonesia)
SpouseAbdul Khana
HousePerak
FatherMansur Shah I of Perak

Sultan Alauddin Mansur Syah (died 1585 or 1586) was the eighth Sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. He ruled Aceh from 1579 to 1585 or 1586 and was known as a pious Muslim ruler with cultural interests. His reign also saw some military expansion on the Malay Peninsula. With his death ended a 65-year long period of warfare between Aceh and the Portuguese.

Background

[edit]

The Acehnese sultan Ali Ri'ayat Syah I attacked and defeated the tin-producing Malay kingdom Perak in 1573. The widow and children of the slain Sultan Mansur Shah I of Perak were brought along to Aceh.[1] After the death of Ali Ri'ayat Syah in 1579 three sultans sat on the shaky throne in the course of four months. When the last, Zainul Abidin was killed, there were probably no more adult descendants of Ali Mughayat Syah. As a descendant of both the old Melaka sultans and descendants of "what is believed by court contemporaries as Iskandar Zulkarnain (Alexander the Great)", Prince Mansur was considered eligible. He was placed on the throne under the name Sultan Alauddin Mansur Syah, in about October 1579.[2]

Reign

[edit]

Sultan Alauddin Mansur is praised by the chronicles for his pious demeanour. He ordered his uleëbalangs (chiefs) to grow a beard and wear jubba and turban - in other words to dress Arabic.[3] During his reign many ulemas from other parts of the Islamic world visited Aceh. The sources mention Shaykh Abd al-Khair from Mecca who taught about dogma and mysticism, Shaykh Muhammad Yamani who taught about fiqh, and Shaykh Muhammad Jailani from Ranir in Gujarat, uncle of the more famous scholar Nuruddin ar-Raniri who taught logic, rhetoric, etc.[4] In 1582 the sultan dispatched a fleet against Johor on the Malay Peninsula. On its way thither it attacked Portuguese Melaka without success. However, Johor was successfully sacked. Although it was a Muslim power, Johor was seen as a dangerous rival in the region. The enterprise was a stage in the triangular fight between Aceh, Johore and the Portuguese which enabled the last-mentioned to hold out.[5]

Assassination

[edit]

New plans to attack the Portuguese were drawn up, but never came to fruition. In 1585 or 1586 he was murdered under unclear circumstances. According to the Portuguese chronicler Diogo do Couto a general and former slave, Mora Ratissa, killed him. According to a French account the murderer was a fisherman who had risen in the ranks of the kingdom through his military courage; this person later became sultan of Aceh under the name Alauddin Ri'ayat Syah Sayyid al-Mukammal.[6] The murdered ruler left a young grandson, Raja Asyem, born from his daughter and the Johor sultan Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II. However, the successor of Sultan Alauddin Mansur Syah was another non-Acehnese, Sultan Buyung from Indrapura.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Jasbindar, Freddie Aziz (17 January 2020). "Sultan Mansur Shah I (Sultan Perak ke 2)". www.orangperak.com. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  2. ^ Encyclopaedie (1917), Vol. 1, p. 74.
  3. ^ Iskandar (1958), p. 41.
  4. ^ Djajadiningrat (1911), pp. 160-1.
  5. ^ Hadi (2004), p. 30.
  6. ^ Djajadiningrat (1911), p. 161-3.

Literature

[edit]
  • Djajadiningrat, Raden Hoesein (1911) 'Critisch overzicht van de in Maleische werken vervatte gegevens over de geschiedenis van het soeltanaat van Atjeh', Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 65, pp. 135–265.
  • Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch Indië, Vol. 1 (1917). 's Gravenhage & Leiden: Nijhoff & Brill.
  • Hadi, Amirul (2004) Islam and State in Sumatra: A Study of Seventeenth-Century Aceh. Leiden: Brill.
  • Iskandar, Teuku (1958) De Hikajat Atjeh. 's Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff.
Preceded by Sulṭān of Acèh Darussalam
1579-1585/86 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alauddin_Mansur_Syah&oldid=1225527689"