Johann Franz Buddeus: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|German Lutheran theologian and philosopher (1667–1729)}} |
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[[Image:Johann-Franz-Buddeus.jpg|thumb|Johann Franz Buddeus]] |
[[Image:Johann-Franz-Buddeus.jpg|thumb|Johann Franz Buddeus]] |
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'''Johann Franz Buddeus''' or '''Budde''' (sometimes '''Johannes Franciscus Buddeus''' |
'''Johann Franz Buddeus''' or '''Budde''' (sometimes '''Johannes Franciscus Buddeus'''; 25 June 1667, [[Anklam]] – 19 November 1729, [[Gotha (town)|Gotha]]) was a [[German people|German]] [[Lutheran]] theologian and philosopher. |
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==Life== |
==Life== |
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{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2021}} |
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Johann Franz Buddeus was a descendant of the French scholar [[Guillaume Budé]] (also known by the [[Latinized name]] Budaeus); the [[Huguenot]] family fled France after the [[St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre]], and those who emigrated to Pomerania Germanized their name as Budde, the Latin equivalent of which was Buddeus.<ref>George Ripley and Charles Anderson Dana, ''The American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge'', Volume 3 (Appleton, 1873), pp. 393, 404.</ref> |
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Johann Franz |
Johann Franz was born at [[Anklam]], [[Swedish Pomerania]], where his father was pastor. He early received a thorough education in classical and Oriental languages, and had read the [[Bible]] through in the original before he went to the [[University of Wittenberg]] in 1685. He was appointed adjunct professor of philosophy there soon after taking his master's degree in 1687, and in 1689 exchanged this for a similar position at [[University of Jena|Jena]], where he also paid much attention to the study of history. |
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In 1692, he went to [[Coburg]] as professor of Greek and Latin in a [[Gymnasium (Germany)|Gymnasium]], and the next year to the new [[University of Halle]] as professor of moral philosophy. Here he remained until 1705, when he went to Jena as second professor of theology. His lectures embraced all branches of this science, and frequently touched on philosophy, history, and politics. |
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He was considered the most universally accomplished German theologian of his time. In philosophy he professed an [[eclecticism]] which rested on a broad historical foundation; but he recognized in [[Descartes]] the originator of a new period, and in attacking the "atheist" [[Spinoza]] followed especially the upholders of the [[law of nature]], such as [[Hugo Grotius]], [[Samuel von Pufendorf|Puffendorf]], and [[Christian Thomasius|Thomasius]]. His theological position was determined by the tradition of [[Johannes Musäus]] at Jena, partly through his close relations with [[Johann Wilhelm Baier|Baier]]; but on another side he was inclined toward [[Pietism]]. His association with [[August Gottlieb Spangenberg|Spangenberg]], [[Philipp Jakob Spener|Spener]], and [[Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf|Zinzendorf]] brought him under suspicion and actually gave rise to a formal investigation of his doctrine. In certain ways, too, he was influenced by [[federalist theology]], but without allowing it to lead him beyond the bounds of [[Lutheran orthodoxy]]. In all departments he showed himself a man of sound learning and scholarly instincts. His work was epoch-making in church history, especially that dealing with the [[Old Testament]] and the apostolic age. Taken as a whole, the life of Buddeus belongs to the transition period which follows that of simple orthodoxy; the influence of a new age and new leading interests appears in him, and at times he seems to be conscious of the change. Yet in his Biblical criticism he did not get so far as to make the slightest concession; not a verse of a canonical book can be touched without injuring the perfection of the whole. As an academic teacher he attained great success, and he had the gift of a striking and pregnant style, especially in Latin. |
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He remained at Jena for the rest of his life, several times acting as [[Rector (academia)|rector]] of the university temporarily and being head of his department and an ecclesiastical councilor from 1715. |
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He was considered the most universally accomplished German theologian of his time. In philosophy he professed an [[eclecticism]] which rested on a broad historical foundation; but he recognized in [[Descartes]] the originator of a new period, and in attacking the "atheist" [[Spinoza]] followed especially the upholders of the [[natural law|law of nature]], such as [[Hugo Grotius]], [[Samuel von Pufendorf|Puffendorf]], and [[Christian Thomasius|Thomasius]]. His theological position was determined by the tradition of [[Johannes Musäus]] at Jena, partly through his close relations with [[Johann Wilhelm Baier|Baier]]; but on another side he was inclined toward [[Pietism]]. |
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==Works== |
==Works== |
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{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2021}} |
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His works number over a hundred. Those published during the Halle period include ''Elementa philosophiæ practicæ'' (1697) and ''Elementa philosophiæ eclecticæ'' (1703). |
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To the second Jena period belong among others the ''Institutiones theologiæ moralis'' (1711; German transl., 1719), a work strictly in accordance with his philosophical ethics; the ''Historia ecclesiastica veteris testamenti'' (1715–18); ''Theses theologicæ de atheismo et superstitione'' (1716), which, directed especially against [[Spinoza]], attracted much attention; ''Institutiones theologiæ dogmaticæ'' (1723), a work once very influential, obviously founded on [[Johann Wilhelm Baier|Baier]]'s Compendium; ''Historische und theologische Einleitung in die vornehmsten Religionsstreitigkeiten'' (1724, 1728), edited by [[Johann Georg Walch|Walch]]; ''Isagoge historico-theologica ad theologiam universam'' (1727), dealing with the problems methods, and history of theology in a way remarkable for that time; and ''Ecclesia apostolica'' (1729), intended as an introduction to the study of the [[New Testament]]. |
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==Collected works== |
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==Notes== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==External links== |
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{{EB1911 poster|Buddeus, Johann Franz}} |
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* {{MathGenealogy|id=127646}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
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| NAME = Buddeus, Johann Franz |
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| DATE OF BIRTH = 1667 |
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| DATE OF DEATH = 1729 |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Buddeus, Johann Franz}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Buddeus, Johann Franz}} |
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[[Category:1667 births]] |
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[[Category:1729 deaths]] |
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[[Category:People from Anklam]] |
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[[Category:17th-century writers in Latin]] |
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[[Category:German Lutheran theologians]] |
[[Category:German Lutheran theologians]] |
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[[Category:People from the Province of Pomerania]] |
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[[Category:18th-century German Protestant theologians]] |
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Revision as of 01:53, 25 May 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2021) |
Johann Franz Buddeus or Budde (sometimes Johannes Franciscus Buddeus; 25 June 1667, Anklam – 19 November 1729, Gotha) was a German Lutheran theologian and philosopher.
Leben
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Johann Franz Buddeus was a descendant of the French scholar Guillaume Budé (also known by the Latinized name Budaeus); the Huguenot family fled France after the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, and those who emigrated to Pomerania Germanized their name as Budde, the Latin equivalent of which was Buddeus.[1]
Johann Franz was born at Anklam, Swedish Pomerania, where his father was pastor. He early received a thorough education in classical and Oriental languages, and had read the Bible through in the original before he went to the University of Wittenberg in 1685. He was appointed adjunct professor of philosophy there soon after taking his master's degree in 1687, and in 1689 exchanged this for a similar position at Jena, where he also paid much attention to the study of history.
In 1692, he went to Coburg as professor of Greek and Latin in a Gymnasium, and the next year to the new University of Halle as professor of moral philosophy. Here he remained until 1705, when he went to Jena as second professor of theology. His lectures embraced all branches of this science, and frequently touched on philosophy, history, and politics.
He remained at Jena for the rest of his life, several times acting as rector of the university temporarily and being head of his department and an ecclesiastical councilor from 1715.
He was considered the most universally accomplished German theologian of his time. In philosophy he professed an eclecticism which rested on a broad historical foundation; but he recognized in Descartes the originator of a new period, and in attacking the "atheist" Spinoza followed especially the upholders of the law of nature, such as Hugo Grotius, Puffendorf, and Thomasius. His theological position was determined by the tradition of Johannes Musäus at Jena, partly through his close relations with Baier; but on another side he was inclined toward Pietism.
Works
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His works number over a hundred. Those published during the Halle period include Elementa philosophiæ practicæ (1697) and Elementa philosophiæ eclecticæ (1703).
To the second Jena period belong among others the Institutiones theologiæ moralis (1711; German transl., 1719), a work strictly in accordance with his philosophical ethics; the Historia ecclesiastica veteris testamenti (1715–18); Theses theologicæ de atheismo et superstitione (1716), which, directed especially against Spinoza, attracted much attention; Institutiones theologiæ dogmaticæ (1723), a work once very influential, obviously founded on Baier's Compendium; Historische und theologische Einleitung in die vornehmsten Religionsstreitigkeiten (1724, 1728), edited by Walch; Isagoge historico-theologica ad theologiam universam (1727), dealing with the problems methods, and history of theology in a way remarkable for that time; and Ecclesia apostolica (1729), intended as an introduction to the study of the New Testament.
Collected works
- Gesammelte Schriften. Reprint Hildesheim, Georg Olms, 1999–2006 (10 vols.)
Notes
- ^ George Ripley and Charles Anderson Dana, The American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 3 (Appleton, 1873), pp. 393, 404.
References
This article incorporates text from a publication in the public domain: Jackson, Samuel Macauley, ed. (1914). New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge (third ed.). London and New York: Funk and Wagnalls. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) "Johannes Franciscus Buddeus"- Vladimir Abashnik, Johann Franz Budde. In: The Dictionary of eighteenth-century German philosophers. General editors: Heiner F. Klemme, Manfred Kuehn. In 3 vol. London: Continuum International Publishing Group Ltd., 2010, Vol. 1: A – G, pp. 164–169.
External links
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| National | |
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| Menschen | |
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- 1667 births
- 1729 deaths
- People from Anklam
- People from Swedish Pomerania
- 17th-century writers in Latin
- 18th-century writers in Latin
- German Lutheran theologians
- People from the Province of Pomerania
- 18th-century German Protestant theologians
- German male non-fiction writers
- 18th-century German male writers
- 17th-century German male writers