Isthmus of Perekop: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Isthmus of Perekop map.png|thumb|225px|A map |
{{Short description|Isthmus}} |
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[[Image:Isthmus of Perekop map.png|thumb|225px| A map showing the Isthmus of Perekop]] |
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| ⚫ | The '''Isthmus of Perekop''' ({{lang-uk|Перекопський перешийок}}; [[Romanization of |
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| ⚫ | The '''Isthmus of Perekop''', literally '''Isthmus of the Trench''' ({{lang-uk| Перекопський перешийок}}; [[Romanization of Ukrainian|transliteration:]] ''Perekops'kyi pereshyiok''; {{lang-ru|Перекопский перешеек}}; [[Romanization of Russian|transliteration:]] ''Perekopskiy peresheek,'' {{lang-crh|Or boynu}}, {{lang-tr|Orkapı}}; {{Lang-gr|Τάφρος}}; [[Romanization of Greek|transliteration:]] ''Taphros''), is the narrow, {{convert|5|–|7|km|mi}} wide strip of land that connects the [[Crimea|Crimean Peninsula]] to the mainland of [[Ukraine]]. The isthmus projects between the [[Black Sea]] to the west and the [[Syvash]] to the east. The isthmus takes its name of "[[Perekop]]" from the Tatar fortress of [[Or Qapi]]. |
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The border between the Crimea republic and the [[Kherson Oblast]] runs though the northern part of the isthmus. The cities of [[Perekop]], [[Armyansk]], [[Suvorovo (Crimea)|Suvorovo]] and [[Krasnoperekopsk]] are situated on the isthmus. The [[North Crimean Canal]] runs through the isthmus, supplying Crimea with fresh water from the [[Dnieper River]]. |
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The border between Ukraine's [[Autonomous Republic of Crimea]] and [[Kherson Oblast]] runs through the northern part of the isthmus. Since the [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|Russian military annexation of Crimea]] in 2014, this is also the [[de facto]] northern border of the Russian [[Republic of Crimea (Russia)|Republic of Crimea]]. The cities of [[Perekop]], [[Armiansk]], {{ill|Suvorove (Crimea)|uk|Суворове (Армянська міська рада)}} and [[Krasnoperekopsk]] are situated on the isthmus. The [[North Crimean Canal]] ran through the isthmus, supplying Crimea with fresh water from the [[Dnieper River]]. Ukraine closed the canal in 2014, and the water supply was only partially replaced by other local and Russian sources. |
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South of Perekop, there are rich salt ores which still are very important commercially for the region. |
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Rich salt ores are located in the south of the isthmus and are of commercial importance to the region. |
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==Name== |
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| ⚫ | The name ''Taphros'' in [[Greek language|Greek]] means a dug-out trench, per a defensive trench dug between the Azov |
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==Toponym== |
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| ⚫ | The name ''Taphros'' in [[Greek language|Greek]] means a dug-out trench, per a defensive trench dug between the Azov Sea and the Black Sea; there also appears to have been a town in the vicinity of the same name.<ref>{{cite book|author=Milner, Thomas |title=The Crimea: Its Ancient and Modern History: The Khans, the Sultans, and the Czars |publisher=Nabus Press |date=2010 |page=6 |isbn=978-1297526046}}</ref> The Crimean Tatar name of ''Or Qapı'' adopts the Greek in the [[Crimean Tatar language]] meaning ''Or'' "trench" and ''Qapı'' "gate," and ''Perekop'' in the [[Slavic languages]] literally means a dug-out. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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In November 1920, during the [[Russian Civil War]], a battle was fought here between [[Red Army]] and the [[White movement|White]] troops of [[Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel|Pyotr Wrangel]], who was in control of the Crimea. The Red Army turned out victorious, but 140,000 civilians fled over the Black Sea to [[Istanbul]]. |
In November 1920, during the [[Russian Civil War]], a battle was fought here between [[Red Army]] and the [[White movement|White]] troops of [[Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel|Pyotr Wrangel]], who was in control of the Crimea. The Red Army turned out victorious, but 140,000 civilians fled over the Black Sea to [[Istanbul]]. |
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{{main|Crimean campaign|l1=Crimean campaign (1941-1942 German operation)|Crimean offensive|l2=Crimean offensive (1944 Soviet operation)}} |
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During [[World War II]], the combined forces of German and Romanian troops under the command of [[Erich von Manstein]] entered Crimea through the Isthmus of Perekop. The battle of the isthmus lasted five days from September |
During [[World War II]], the combined forces of German and Romanian troops under the command of [[Erich von Manstein]] entered Crimea through the Isthmus of Perekop. The battle of the isthmus lasted five days from 24 September 1941 before the isthmus was secured by the Axis forces. On October 27 the Axis forces advanced further into Crimea, leading to the [[Battle of Sevastopol]]. On 9 May 1944, the Red Army regained control of Crimea. |
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| ⚫ | On 2 March 2014, it was reported that Russian troops were digging trenches along the border between Crimea and Ukraine, which runs across the isthmus.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26405635 |title=Ukraine orders full military mobilisation over Russia moves |publisher=BBC News |access-date=March 2, 2014}}</ref> Soon after, this became a de facto border between Russian-controlled Crimea and the rest of Ukraine until 24 February 2022, when Russian forces crossed over the frontier during their [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|invasion of Ukraine]] and unilaterally annexed the adjacent areas of the Ukrainian mainland. |
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== See also == |
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| ⚫ | On March |
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* [[Chonhar Peninsula]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Coord|46|08|58|N|33|40|20|E|display=title}} |
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{{Crimea topics}} |
{{Crimea topics}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Isthmuses of Crimea|Perekop]] |
[[Category:Isthmuses of Crimea|Perekop]] |
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Latest revision as of 18:33, 25 May 2024
The Isthmus of Perekop, literally Isthmus of the Trench (Ukrainian: Перекопський перешийок; transliteration: Perekops'kyi pereshyiok; Russian: Перекопский перешеек; transliteration: Perekopskiy peresheek, Crimean Tatar: Or boynu, Turkish: Orkapı; Greek: Τάφρος; transliteration: Taphros), is the narrow, 5–7 kilometres (3.1–4.3 mi) wide strip of land that connects the Crimean Peninsula to the mainland of Ukraine. The isthmus projects between the Black Sea to the west and the Syvash to the east. The isthmus takes its name of "Perekop" from the Tatar fortress of Or Qapi.
The border between Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Kherson Oblast runs through the northern part of the isthmus. Since the Russian military annexation of Crimea in 2014, this is also the de facto northern border of the Russian Republic of Crimea. The cities of Perekop, Armiansk, Suvorove (Crimea) and Krasnoperekopsk are situated on the isthmus. The North Crimean Canal ran through the isthmus, supplying Crimea with fresh water from the Dnieper River. Ukraine closed the canal in 2014, and the water supply was only partially replaced by other local and Russian sources.
Rich salt ores are located in the south of the isthmus and are of commercial importance to the region.
Toponym
[edit]The name Taphros in Greek means a dug-out trench, per a defensive trench dug between the Azov Sea and the Black Sea; there also appears to have been a town in the vicinity of the same name.[1] The Crimean Tatar name of Or Qapı adopts the Greek in the Crimean Tatar language meaning Or "trench" and Qapı "gate," and Perekop in the Slavic languages literally means a dug-out.
History
[edit]The strategic and commercial value of this area, together with the strategic value of being the gateway to Crimea, has made the isthmus the location of some particularly fierce battles. From antiquity through the Byzantine era the Greeks fortified the area, and so subsequently did the Crimean Tatars. In the 15th century the area became a colony of the maritime Republic of Genoa. In 1783 the area became a part of the Russian Empire, which made Perekop a county center of Tavriia gubernia.[2][3] In 1954, together with Crimea it was transferred to the Ukrainian Soviet Republic.
In November 1920, during the Russian Civil War, a battle was fought here between Red Army and the White troops of Pyotr Wrangel, who was in control of the Crimea. The Red Army turned out victorious, but 140,000 civilians fled over the Black Sea to Istanbul.
During World War II, the combined forces of German and Romanian troops under the command of Erich von Manstein entered Crimea through the Isthmus of Perekop. The battle of the isthmus lasted five days from 24 September 1941 before the isthmus was secured by the Axis forces. On October 27 the Axis forces advanced further into Crimea, leading to the Battle of Sevastopol. On 9 May 1944, the Red Army regained control of Crimea.
On 2 March 2014, it was reported that Russian troops were digging trenches along the border between Crimea and Ukraine, which runs across the isthmus.[4] Soon after, this became a de facto border between Russian-controlled Crimea and the rest of Ukraine until 24 February 2022, when Russian forces crossed over the frontier during their invasion of Ukraine and unilaterally annexed the adjacent areas of the Ukrainian mainland.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Milner, Thomas (2010). The Crimea: Its Ancient and Modern History: The Khans, the Sultans, and the Czars. Nabus Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-1297526046.
- ^ Danylo Husar Struk (15 December 1993). Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Volume III: L-Pf. University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division. p. 2488. ISBN 978-1-4426-5125-8.
- ^ J. Murray. Handbook for Travellers in Russia, Poland, and Finland. Рипол Классик. p. 277. ISBN 978-1-147-56625-3.
- ^ "Ukraine orders full military mobilisation over Russia moves". BBC News. Retrieved March 2, 2014.
46°08′58″N 33°40′20″E / 46.14944°N 33.67222°E
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