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{{Infobox election
⚫
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2012}}
| election_name = 1988 Epping Forest by-election
| type = parliamentary
| country = United Kingdom
| seats_for_election = Constituency of [[Epping Forest (UK Parliament constituency)|Epping Forest]]
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1987 United Kingdom general election
| previous_year = 1987
| election_date = 15 December 1988
| candidate1 = '''[[Steven Norris]]'''
| image1 = [[File:Steven Norris (3x4 crop).jpg|x160px]]
| party1 = Conservative Party (UK)
| popular_vote1 = '''13,183'''
| percentage1 = '''39.5%'''
| swing1 = {{decrease}} '''21.5%'''
| candidate2 = Andrew Thompson
| image2 = <div style="width:120px;"><span style="line-height:160px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Social and Liberal Democrats}}; font-size:35px;"> '''SLD'''</span></div>
| party2 = Social and Liberal Democrats
| popular_vote2 = 8,679
| percentage2 = 26.0%
| swing2 = {{increase}} 6.6%
| candidate4 = Stephen Murray
| image4 = <div style="width:120px;"><span style="line-height:160px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Labour Party (UK)}}; font-size:35px;"> '''Lab'''</span></div>
| party4 = Labour Party (UK)
| popular_vote4 = 6,261
| percentage4 = 18.7%
| swing4 = {{increase}} 0.4%
| candidate5 = Michael Pettman
| image5 = <div style="width:120px;"><span style="line-height:160px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (UK, 1988)}}; font-size:35px;"> '''SDP'''</span></div>
| party5 = Social Democratic Party (UK, 1988)
| popular_vote5 = 4,077
| percentage5 = 12.2%
| swing5 = {{color|grey|''N/A''}}
| title = MP
| posttitle = Subsequent MP
| before_election = [[John Biggs-Davison]]
| before_party = Conservative Party (UK)
| after_election = [[Steven Norris]]
| after_party = Conservative Party (UK)
| turnout = 49.1% ({{decrease}} 27.2%)
| next_election = 1992 United Kingdom general election
| next_year = 1992
⚫
}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2012}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2012}}
A [[by-election]] was held in the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]] [[United Kingdom constituencies|constituency]] of [[Epping Forest (UK Parliament constituency)|Epping Forest]] on 15 December 1988 following the death of [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] [[Member of Parliament]] (MP) Sir [[John Biggs-Davison]]. The result was a hold for the Conservative Party.<ref name="Result">{{Cite web |url=http://by-elections.co.uk/epping88.html |title=Result |access-date=27 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090821055333/http://www.by-elections.co.uk/epping88.html |archive-date=21 August 2009 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
A '''[[by-election]]''' was held in the British [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] [[United Kingdom constituencies|constituency]] of '''[[Epping Forest (UK Parliament constituency)|Epping Forest]]''' on 15 December 1988, following the death of [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) Sir [[John Biggs-Davison]]. The result was a hold for the Conservative Party.<ref name="Result">{{Cite web |url=http://by-elections.co.uk/epping88.html |title=Result |access-date=27 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090821055333/http://www.by-elections.co.uk/epping88.html |archive-date=21 August 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>


==Candidates==
==Candidates==
[[Steven Norris]] was the Conservative candidate. Norris had been elected to serve as MP for [[Oxford East (UK Parliament constituency)|Oxford East]] at the [[1983 United Kingdom general election|1983 general election]] but had lost the seat in [[1987 United Kingdom general election|1987]]. His opponent from the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] was Stephen Murray. Andrew Thompson was chosen as the candidate for the recently formed [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Social and Liberal Democrats]]. Thompson had been a founder member of the [[Social Democratic Party (UK)|Social Democratic Party]] (SDP) and had served as a councillor in the local area since 1984. His main campaign issues were saving a local hospital from closure and defending the green belt status of [[Epping Forest]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://by-elections.co.uk/epping88/SLD.html |title=Election literature |access-date=1 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008134333/http://by-elections.co.uk/epping88/SLD.html |archive-date=8 October 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
[[Steven Norris]] was the Conservative candidate. Norris had been elected to serve as MP for [[Oxford East (UK Parliament constituency)|Oxford East]] at the [[1983 United Kingdom general election|1983 general election]] but had lost the seat in [[1987 United Kingdom general election|1987]]. His opponent from the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] was Stephen Murray. Andrew Thompson was chosen as the candidate for the recently formed [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Social and Liberal Democrats]]. Thompson had been a founder member of the [[Social Democratic Party (UK)|Social Democratic Party]] (SDP) and had served as a councillor in the local area since 1984. His main campaign issues were saving a local hospital from closure and defending the green belt status of [[Epping Forest]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://by-elections.co.uk/epping88/SLD.html |title=Election literature |access-date=1 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008134333/http://by-elections.co.uk/epping88/SLD.html |archive-date=8 October 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>


The rump SDP which had rejected the merger with the [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]] also put forward a candidate, Michael Pettman. Pettman, a solicitor and local councillor, and Oxford University (Magdalen College) graduate, had been the candidate for the SDP in Epping Forest at the previous general election. Michael had a son born 1982 and a daughter born in 1986 and was married to Gillian. He was originally from Kent.<ref>[http://sca.lib.liv.ac.uk/collections/Owen/lists/d7093a7.html The David Owen papers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727213633/http://sca.lib.liv.ac.uk/collections/Owen/lists/d7093a7.html |date=27 July 2011 }}, available as a [sca.lib.liv.ac.uk/collections/Owen/book/PART6.DOC Word Document]</ref> Both the [[Green Party of England and Wales]], represented by Andrew Simms and the [[Official Monster Raving Loony Party]], represented by party leader and serial election candidate [[Screaming Lord Sutch|David Sutch]], contested the election as well. Sutch stood under the name "Monster Raving Loony - Liberal Birthday Party" in this election.<ref name="Result"/>
The [[Social Democratic Party (UK, 1988)|rump SDP]], which had rejected the merger with the [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]], also put forward a candidate, Michael Pettman. Pettman, a solicitor and local councillor, had been the candidate for the SDP in Epping Forest at the 1983 general election.<ref>[http://sca.lib.liv.ac.uk/collections/Owen/lists/d7093a7.html The David Owen papers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727213633/http://sca.lib.liv.ac.uk/collections/Owen/lists/d7093a7.html |date=27 July 2011 }}, available as a [sca.lib.liv.ac.uk/collections/Owen/book/PART6.DOC Word Document]</ref> Both the [[Green Party (UK)|Green Party]], represented by Andrew Simms and the [[Official Monster Raving Loony Party]], represented by party leader and serial election candidate [[Screaming Lord Sutch|David Sutch]], contested the election as well. Sutch stood under the name "Monster Raving Loony - Liberal Birthday Party" in this election.<ref name="Result"/>


[[Martin Wingfield|Tina Wingfield]] stood under the designation of "Independent [[National Front (United Kingdom)|National Front]]" although at the time she was actually a member of the National Council of the [[Flag Group]], a breakaway party from the NF.<ref>N. Copsey, ''Contemporary British Fascism: The British National Party and the Quest for Legitimacy'', Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, p. 46</ref> Other candidates were Jackie Moore for the [[Make Politicians History|Rainbow Alliance]] (who added the name Change the World to her party designation) and Brian Goodier, who stood as the "Vote no Belsen for South Africans" candidate.
[[Martin Wingfield|Tina Wingfield]] stood under the designation of "Independent [[National Front (United Kingdom)|National Front]]" although at the time she was actually a member of the National Council of the [[Flag Group]], a breakaway party from the NF.<ref>N. Copsey, ''Contemporary British Fascism: The British National Party and the Quest for Legitimacy'', Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, p. 46</ref> Other candidates were Jackie Moore for the [[Make Politicians History|Rainbow Alliance]] (who added the name Change the World to her party designation) and Brian Goodier, who stood as the "Vote no Belsen for South Africans" candidate.


==Results==
==Result==
{{Election box begin |
{{Election box begin |
|title= 1988 Epping Forest by-election<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.election.demon.co.uk/by1987.html|title=Results of Byelections in the 1987-92 Parliament|last=Boothroyd|first=David|access-date=2015-10-01|website=United Kingdom Election Results}}</ref>}}
|title= 1988 Epping Forest by-election<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.election.demon.co.uk/by1987.html|title=Results of Byelections in the 1987-92 Parliament|last=Boothroyd|first=David|access-date=2015-10-01|website=United Kingdom Election Results}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Steven Norris]]
|candidate = [[Steven Norris]]
Line 46: Line 88:
|votes = 672
|votes = 672
|percentage = 2.0
|percentage = 2.0
|change =
|change = ''N/A''
}}
}}
{{Election box candidate|
{{Election box candidate|
Line 53: Line 95:
|votes = 286
|votes = 286
|percentage = 0.6
|percentage = 0.6
|change =
|change = ''N/A''
}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
{{Election box candidate with party link|
Line 60: Line 102:
|votes = 208
|votes = 208
|percentage = 0.6
|percentage = 0.6
|change =
|change = ''N/A''
}}
}}
{{Election box candidate|
{{Election box candidate|
Line 67: Line 109:
|votes = 33
|votes = 33
|percentage = 0.1
|percentage = 0.1
|change =
|change = ''N/A''
}}
}}
{{Election box candidate|
{{Election box candidate|
Line 74: Line 116:
|votes = 16
|votes = 16
|percentage = 0.0
|percentage = 0.0
|change =
|change = ''N/A''
}}
}}
{{Election box majority|
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 4,504
|votes = 4,504
|percentage = 13.5
|percentage = 13.5
|change =
|change = ''N/A''
}}
}}
{{Election box turnout|
{{Election box turnout|
Line 92: Line 134:
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box end}}


Candidate Brian Goodier misspelt [[Belson]] on his nomination paper.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.by-elections.co.uk/epping88.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=16 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017013331/http://www.by-elections.co.uk/epping88.html |archive-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
Candidate Brian Goodier misspelt [[Belson]] on his nomination paper.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.by-elections.co.uk/epping88.html |title=Epping Forest 1988 |access-date=16 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017013331/http://www.by-elections.co.uk/epping88.html |archive-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
* [[List of United Kingdom by-elections]]
* [[Lists of United Kingdom by-elections]]


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 02:09, 26 May 2024

1988 Epping Forest by-election
← 1987 15 December 1988 1992 →
Constituency of Epping Forest
Turnout49.1% (Decrease 27.2%)
  First party Second party
 
SLD
Candidate Steven Norris Andrew Thompson
Party Conservative SLD
Popular vote 13,183 8,679
Prozentualer Anteil 39.5% 26.0%
Swing Decrease 21.5% Increase 6.6%
  Third party Fourth party
 
Lab
SDP
Candidate Stephen Murray Michael Pettman
Party Labour SDP
Popular vote 6,261 4,077
Prozentualer Anteil 18.7% 12.2%
Swing Increase 0.4% K.A.
MP before election

John Biggs-Davison
Conservative

Subsequent MP

Steven Norris
Conservative

A by-election was held in the British House of Commons constituency of Epping Forest on 15 December 1988, following the death of Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Sir John Biggs-Davison. The result was a hold for the Conservative Party.[1]

Candidates

[edit]

Steven Norris was the Conservative candidate. Norris had been elected to serve as MP for Oxford East at the 1983 general election but had lost the seat in 1987. His opponent from the Labour Party was Stephen Murray. Andrew Thompson was chosen as the candidate for the recently formed Social and Liberal Democrats. Thompson had been a founder member of the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and had served as a councillor in the local area since 1984. His main campaign issues were saving a local hospital from closure and defending the green belt status of Epping Forest.[2]

The rump SDP, which had rejected the merger with the Liberal Party, also put forward a candidate, Michael Pettman. Pettman, a solicitor and local councillor, had been the candidate for the SDP in Epping Forest at the 1983 general election.[3] Both the Green Party, represented by Andrew Simms and the Official Monster Raving Loony Party, represented by party leader and serial election candidate David Sutch, contested the election as well. Sutch stood under the name "Monster Raving Loony - Liberal Birthday Party" in this election.[1]

Tina Wingfield stood under the designation of "Independent National Front" although at the time she was actually a member of the National Council of the Flag Group, a breakaway party from the NF.[4] Other candidates were Jackie Moore for the Rainbow Alliance (who added the name Change the World to her party designation) and Brian Goodier, who stood as the "Vote no Belsen for South Africans" candidate.

Result

[edit]
1988 Epping Forest by-election[5]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Steven Norris 13,183 39.5 −21.5
SLD Andrew Thompson 8,679 26.0 +6.6
Labour Stephen Murray 6,261 18.7 +0.4
SDP Michael Pettman 4,077 12.2 K.A.
Green Andrew Simms 672 2.0 K.A.
Independent National Front Tina Wingfield 286 0.6 K.A.
Monster Raving Loony David Sutch 208 0.6 K.A.
Rainbow Alliance - Change the World Jackie Moore 33 0.1 K.A.
Vote no Belsen for South Africans Brian Goodier 16 0.0 K.A.
Majority 4,504 13.5 K.A.
Turnout 33,415 49.1 −27.2
Conservative hold Swing

Candidate Brian Goodier misspelt Belson on his nomination paper.[6]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Result". Archived from the original on 21 August 2009. Retrieved 27 July 2009.
  2. ^ "Election literature". Archived from the original on 8 October 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2011.
  3. ^ The David Owen papers Archived 27 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, available as a [sca.lib.liv.ac.uk/collections/Owen/book/PART6.DOC Word Document]
  4. ^ N. Copsey, Contemporary British Fascism: The British National Party and the Quest for Legitimacy, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, p. 46
  5. ^ Boothroyd, David. "Results of Byelections in the 1987-92 Parliament". United Kingdom Election Results. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  6. ^ "Epping Forest 1988". Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
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