Apauruṣeyā: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Term used to describe the Vedas, the earliest scripture in Hinduism, meaning 'superhuman'}} |
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{{Hindu philosophy}} |
{{Hindu philosophy}} |
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'''Apaurusheya''' ([[Sanskrit]]: अपौरुषेय, {{IAST|apauruṣeya}}, lit. means "not of a man"), meaning "not of human"<ref>Vaman Shivaram Apte, [http://www.aa.tufs.ac.jp/~tjun/sktdic/ ''The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary''], see apauruSeya</ref> or "impersonal, authorless", is a term used to describe the [[Vedas]], the earliest [[Hindu scripture|scripture]] in [[Hinduism]].<ref name=ds>D Sharma, Classical Indian Philosophy: A Reader, Columbia University Press, ISBN , pages 196-197</ref><ref>Jan Westerhoff (2009), Nagarjuna's Madhyamaka: A Philosophical Introduction, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0195384963}}, page 290</ref> |
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In [[Hinduism]], '''Apaurusheya''' ([[IAST]]: {{IAST|Apauruṣeya}}), [[Sanskrit]], meaning "not the work of man", is used to describe the [[Vedas]], the main [[Hindu scripture|scripture]] in [[Hinduism]]. This implies that the Vedas are not authored by human but were divine creation.<ref>A Hindu View of the World: Essays in the Intellectual ... - Page 18</ref><ref name=xx>From Bharata to India: Chrysee the Golden - Page 91 Vedas are sanatan (eternal) and apaurusheya not composed by human entity but uttered by Paramatma at the beginning of every cosmic cycle of Brahma and heard (shruti) by the Great Rishis during intense meditation..</ref> ''Apaurusheya shabda'' ("words not created by mankind") is an extension of ''apaurusheya'' which refers to the Vedas.<ref>The Spiritual Heritage Of India by Prabhavananda (Swami.) - 2003 - Page 25 The Vedas, on the other hand, are said to be apauruseya, which means divine in origin.</ref><ref>The Arya Samaj Movement in South Africa by Thillayvel Naidoo - 1992 - Page 96 The Vedas on the other hand are said to be Apauruseya. not of human composition, and constitute a Divine Knowledge given by God to all men who strive for it.</ref> |
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''Apaurusheya shabda'' ("impersonal words, authorless") is an extension of ''apaurusheya'' which refers to the Vedas and numerous other texts in Hinduism.<ref name=ds/><ref>Warren Lee Todd (2013), The Ethics of Śaṅkara and Śāntideva: A Selfless Response to an Illusory World, {{ISBN|978-1409466819}}, page 128</ref> |
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| ⚫ | ''Apaurusheya'' is a central concept in the [[Vedanta]] and [[Mimamsa]] schools of [[Hindu philosophy]]. These schools accept the ''Vedas'' as ''svatah pramana'' ("self-evident [[pramana|means of knowledge]]"). |
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| ⚫ | ''Apaurusheya'' is a central concept in the [[Vedanta]] and [[Mimamsa]] schools of [[Hindu philosophy]]. These schools accept the ''[[Vedas]]'' as ''svatah pramana'' ("self-evident [[pramana|means of knowledge]]"). The Mimamsa school asserts that since the Vedas are composed of words ([[shabda]]) and the words are composed of [[varna (phoneme)|phonemes]], the phonemes being eternal, the Vedas are also eternal.{{cn|date=January 2015}} To this, if asked whether all words and sentences are eternal, the Mimamsa philosophers reply that the rules behind combination of phonemes are fixed and predetermined for the Vedas, unlike other words and sentences. The Vedanta school also accepts this line of argument.{{cn|date=January 2015}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==External links== |
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Latest revision as of 12:55, 26 May 2024
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Apaurusheya (Sanskrit: अपौरुषेय, apauruṣeya, lit. means "not of a man"), meaning "not of human"[1] or "impersonal, authorless", is a term used to describe the Vedas, the earliest scripture in Hinduism.[2][3]
Apaurusheya shabda ("impersonal words, authorless") is an extension of apaurusheya which refers to the Vedas and numerous other texts in Hinduism.[2][4]
Apaurusheya is a central concept in the Vedanta and Mimamsa schools of Hindu philosophy. These schools accept the Vedas as svatah pramana ("self-evident means of knowledge"). The Mimamsa school asserts that since the Vedas are composed of words (shabda) and the words are composed of phonemes, the phonemes being eternal, the Vedas are also eternal.[citation needed] To this, if asked whether all words and sentences are eternal, the Mimamsa philosophers reply that the rules behind combination of phonemes are fixed and predetermined for the Vedas, unlike other words and sentences. The Vedanta school also accepts this line of argument.[citation needed]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Vaman Shivaram Apte, The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary, see apauruSeya
- ^ a b D Sharma, Classical Indian Philosophy: A Reader, Columbia University Press, ISBN , pages 196-197
- ^ Jan Westerhoff (2009), Nagarjuna's Madhyamaka: A Philosophical Introduction, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195384963, page 290
- ^ Warren Lee Todd (2013), The Ethics of Śaṅkara and Śāntideva: A Selfless Response to an Illusory World, ISBN 978-1409466819, page 128
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