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{{Short description|Head of a yeshiva}} |
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{{More citations needed|date=May 2024}} |
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'''Rosh yeshiva''' ({{lang-he|ראש ישיבה}}, [[plural|pl]]. {{lang-he|ראשי ישיבה}}, ''{{transl|he|roshei yeshiva, rashe yeshiva}}''; Anglicized pl. ''rosh yeshivas'') is the title given to the dean of a [[yeshiva]], a Jewish educational institution that focuses on the study of traditional religious texts, primarily the [[Talmud]] and the [[Torah]], and ''[[halakha]]'' (Jewish law). |
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⚫ | The general role of the rosh yeshiva is to oversee the Talmudic studies and [[halakha|practical]] matters. The rosh yeshiva will often give the highest ''[[Shiur (Torah)|shiur]]'' (class) and is also the one to decide whether to grant permission for students to undertake classes for rabbinical ordination, known as ''[[semicha]]''. |
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⚫ | The term is a [[compound word|compound]] of the Hebrew words ''rosh'' ("head") and ''yeshiva'' (a school of religious Jewish education). The rosh yeshiva is required to have a comprehensive knowledge of the Talmud and the ability to analyse and present new perspectives, called ''[[chidush]]im'' ([[wikt:novellae|novellae]]) verbally and often in print. |
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In some institutions, such as YU's [[Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary]], the title of ''rosh yeshiva'' is given to many rabbis and the dean of the yeshiva is known as the ''rosh ha-yeshiva.'' |
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==Role== |
==Role== |
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{{See|Yeshiva#Talmud study|Shiur (Torah)#Class levels}} |
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The primary role of the rosh yeshiva is not simply to be the dean, but is generally to give the [[Shiur (Torah)#Class levels|highest-level lecture]] in the yeshiva, which is usually a program of at least two years. Students who have studied in a yeshiva are generally known as "students of the Rosh Yeshiva", as their lecture is the one in which they usually attain their method of Talmudic analysis and critical reasoning, and this method is based on the particular style of that rosh yeshiva. |
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In addition, since yeshivas play a central role in the life of certain communities within [[Orthodox Judaism]], the position of rosh yeshiva is more than just the position within the yeshiva. A rosh yeshiva is often seen as a pillar of leadership in extended communities. |
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⚫ | Yeshivas continue the scholarly traditions of the sages of the [[Mishnah]] and [[Talmud]] who often headed academies with hundreds of students. In the [[Talmudic academies in Babylonia]], the rosh yeshiva was referred to as the ''reish [[metivta]]'' ("head of the academy" in [[Aramaic]]) and had the title of ''[[Geonim|gaon]]''. Regard for the |
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⚫ | In [[Hasidic Judaism]], the role of rosh yeshiva is secondary to the [[Rebbe]], who is head of the Hasidic dynasty that controls it. In many Hasidic groups, the rosh yeshiva of a school will be the son or son-in-law of the rebbe, the assumed heir of the rebbe. However, the role that yeshivahs have within Hasidic communities is not nearly as important as it is in Lithuanian Jewish ([[Litvishe]]) communities. Hasidic students usually get married at the age of 18, which—in most cases—is the end of their yeshiva education. Students in the Lithuanian Jewish communities typically continue to study until they get married starting at around age 23, with the vast majority continuing their studies in a ''[[kollel]]'' after marriage. As a result, the role that a rosh yeshiva plays in Lithuanian Jewish communities is much more important than in the Hasidic ones. |
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==General role== |
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⚫ | The general role of the rosh yeshiva is to oversee the Talmudic studies and [[halakha|practical]] matters. The rosh yeshiva will often give the highest ''[[Shiur (Torah)|shiur]]'' (class) |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | Yeshivas continue the scholarly traditions of the sages of the [[Mishnah]] and [[Talmud]] who often headed academies with hundreds of students. In the [[Talmudic academies in Babylonia]], the rosh yeshiva was referred to as the ''reish [[metivta]]'' ("head of the academy" in [[Aramaic]]) and had the title of ''[[Geonim|gaon]]''. Regard for the rosh yeshiva in many ways is the transplantation of Hasidic attitudes in the Lithuanian world. |
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==Dynasties== |
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==Rosh Yeshiva dynasties== |
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Depending on the size of the yeshiva, there may be several rosh yeshivas, sometimes from one extended family. There are familial dynasties of rosh yeshivas, for example, the [[Soloveitchik]], [[Finkel]], [[Feinstein]], [[Kotler]], and [[Kook (disambiguation)|Kook]] families, which head many yeshivas in the [[United States]] and [[Israel]]. |
Depending on the size of the yeshiva, there may be several rosh yeshivas, sometimes from one extended family. There are familial dynasties of rosh yeshivas, for example, the [[Soloveitchik]], [[Finkel]], [[Feinstein]], [[Kotler]], and [[Kook (disambiguation)|Kook]] families, which head many yeshivas in the [[United States]] and [[Israel]]. |
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==Famous |
==Famous rosh yeshivas== |
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Prior to [[the Holocaust]], most of the large yeshivas were based in [[Eastern Europe]]. Presently, the majority of the world's yeshivas and their rosh yeshivas are located in the [[United States]] and [[Israel]]. |
Prior to [[the Holocaust]], most of the large yeshivas were based in [[Eastern Europe]]. Presently, the majority of the world's yeshivas and their rosh yeshivas are located in the [[United States]] and [[Israel]]. |
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*Rabbi [[Chaim Yehuda Leib Auerbach]] |
*Rabbi [[Chaim Yehuda Leib Auerbach]] |
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*Rabbi [[Shlomo Zalman Auerbach]] |
*Rabbi [[Shlomo Zalman Auerbach]] |
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*Rabbi [[Leib Bakst]] |
*Rabbi [[Leib Bakst]]{{cn|date=December 2022}} |
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*Rabbi [[Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin]] |
*Rabbi [[Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin]] |
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*Rabbi [[Avraham Yitzchak Bloch]] |
*Rabbi [[Avraham Yitzchak Bloch]] |
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*Rabbi [[Nachman Shlomo Greenspan]] |
*Rabbi [[Nachman Shlomo Greenspan]] |
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*Rabbi [[Shlomo Heiman]] |
*Rabbi [[Shlomo Heiman]] |
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*Rabbi [[Pinchas Hirschprung]] |
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*Rabbi [[Yitzchok Hutner]] |
*Rabbi [[Yitzchok Hutner]] |
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*Rabbi [[Yisrael Meir Kagan]] |
*Rabbi [[Yisrael Meir Kagan]] |
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* Rabbi [[Eliezer Melamed]] |
* Rabbi [[Eliezer Melamed]] |
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* Rabbi [[Isser Zalman Meltzer]] |
* Rabbi [[Isser Zalman Meltzer]] |
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* Rabbi [[M.M. Minshky]] |
* Rabbi [[M.M. Minshky]]{{cn|date=December 2022}} |
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* Rabbi [[Avigdor Nebenzahl]] |
* Rabbi [[Avigdor Nebenzahl]] |
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* Rabbi [[Avraham Yaakov Pam]] |
* Rabbi [[Avraham Yaakov Pam]] |
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* Rabbi [[Yisroel Yitzchok Piekarski]] |
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* Rabbi [[Shmuel Rozovsky]] |
* Rabbi [[Shmuel Rozovsky]] |
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* Rabbi [[Yaakov Yitzchok Ruderman]] |
* Rabbi [[Yaakov Yitzchok Ruderman]] |
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* Rabbi [[Joseph B. Soloveitchik]] |
* Rabbi [[Joseph B. Soloveitchik]] |
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* Rabbi [[Adin Steinsaltz]] |
* Rabbi [[Adin Steinsaltz]] |
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* Rabbi [[Aaron Teitelbaum]] |
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* Rabbi [[Naftoli Trop]] |
* Rabbi [[Naftoli Trop]] |
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* Rabbi [[Chaim Volozhin]] |
* Rabbi [[Chaim Volozhin]] |
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{{Div col end}} |
{{Div col end}} |
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==Rosh mesivta== |
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==Current rosh yeshivas== |
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{{main| |
{{main|Rosh mesivta}} |
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==Role== |
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{{main|Rosh Mesivta}} |
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|title=The Pardes Kollel Experience - These and Those |
|title=The Pardes Kollel Experience - These and Those |
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|url=https://theseandthose.pardes.org/2014/02/03/the-pardes-kollel-experience |
|url=https://theseandthose.pardes.org/2014/02/03/the-pardes-kollel-experience |
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|date=February 3, 2014}}</ref> has a long history, going back many centuries.<ref>{{cite book |
|date=February 3, 2014}}</ref> has a long history, going back many centuries.<ref>{{cite book |
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|title=Codex Judaica: Chronological Index of Jewish History |
|title=Codex Judaica: Chronological Index of Jewish History |
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|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0967037832 |isbn=0967037832 |author=Mattis Kantor |date=2005}}</ref> |
|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0967037832 |isbn=0967037832 |author=Mattis Kantor |date=2005}}</ref> The role is comparable to a dean in a university.<ref>"ROSH MESIVTA: the dean of a MESIVTA." |
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The role is comparable to a dean in a university.<ref>"ROSH MESIVTA: the dean of a MESIVTA." |
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{{cite book |title=There is No Such Thing as Coincidence, And Other Stories |
{{cite book |title=There is No Such Thing as Coincidence, And Other Stories |
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|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1583306153 |isbn=1583306153 |
|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1583306153 |isbn=1583306153 |
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==Mashgiach Ruchani== |
==Mashgiach Ruchani== |
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{{main|Mashgiach ruchani}} |
{{main|Mashgiach ruchani}} |
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The personal and ethical development of the students in the yeshiva is usually covered by a different personality, known as the '' |
The personal and ethical development of the students in the yeshiva is usually covered by a different personality, known as the ''mashgiach'' or spiritual supervisor. This concept, introduced by the [[Mussar movement]] in the 19th century, led to perfection of character as one of the aims of attending a yeshiva. One typical and influential ''mashgiach'' was Rabbi [[Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler]]. |
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==See== |
==See== |
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* [[Yeshivish]] |
* [[Yeshivish]] |
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* [[List of yeshivos in Europe (before World War II)]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:Rosh yeshivas| ]] |
[[Category:Rosh yeshivas| ]] |
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[[Category:Hebrew words and phrases]] |
[[Category:Hebrew words and phrases]] |
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Revision as of 01:56, 27 May 2024
This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2024) |
Rosh yeshiva (Hebrew: ראש ישיבה, pl. Hebrew: ראשי ישיבה, roshei yeshiva, rashe yeshiva; Anglicized pl. rosh yeshivas) is the title given to the dean of a yeshiva, a Jewish educational institution that focuses on the study of traditional religious texts, primarily the Talmud and the Torah, and halakha (Jewish law).
The general role of the rosh yeshiva is to oversee the Talmudic studies and practical matters. The rosh yeshiva will often give the highest shiur (class) and is also the one to decide whether to grant permission for students to undertake classes for rabbinical ordination, known as semicha.
The term is a compound of the Hebrew words rosh ("head") and yeshiva (a school of religious Jewish education). The rosh yeshiva is required to have a comprehensive knowledge of the Talmud and the ability to analyse and present new perspectives, called chidushim (novellae) verbally and often in print.
In some institutions, such as YU's Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary, the title of rosh yeshiva is given to many rabbis and the dean of the yeshiva is known as the rosh ha-yeshiva.
Role
The primary role of the rosh yeshiva is not simply to be the dean, but is generally to give the highest-level lecture in the yeshiva, which is usually a program of at least two years. Students who have studied in a yeshiva are generally known as "students of the Rosh Yeshiva", as their lecture is the one in which they usually attain their method of Talmudic analysis and critical reasoning, and this method is based on the particular style of that rosh yeshiva.
In addition, since yeshivas play a central role in the life of certain communities within Orthodox Judaism, the position of rosh yeshiva is more than just the position within the yeshiva. A rosh yeshiva is often seen as a pillar of leadership in extended communities.
In Hasidic Judaism, the role of rosh yeshiva is secondary to the Rebbe, who is head of the Hasidic dynasty that controls it. In many Hasidic groups, the rosh yeshiva of a school will be the son or son-in-law of the rebbe, the assumed heir of the rebbe. However, the role that yeshivahs have within Hasidic communities is not nearly as important as it is in Lithuanian Jewish (Litvishe) communities. Hasidic students usually get married at the age of 18, which—in most cases—is the end of their yeshiva education. Students in the Lithuanian Jewish communities typically continue to study until they get married starting at around age 23, with the vast majority continuing their studies in a kollel after marriage. As a result, the role that a rosh yeshiva plays in Lithuanian Jewish communities is much more important than in the Hasidic ones.
History
Yeshivas continue the scholarly traditions of the sages of the Mishnah and Talmud who often headed academies with hundreds of students. In the Talmudic academies in Babylonia, the rosh yeshiva was referred to as the reish metivta ("head of the academy" in Aramaic) and had the title of gaon. Regard for the rosh yeshiva in many ways is the transplantation of Hasidic attitudes in the Lithuanian world.
Dynasties
Depending on the size of the yeshiva, there may be several rosh yeshivas, sometimes from one extended family. There are familial dynasties of rosh yeshivas, for example, the Soloveitchik, Finkel, Feinstein, Kotler, and Kook families, which head many yeshivas in the United States and Israel.
Famous rosh yeshivas
Prior to the Holocaust, most of the large yeshivas were based in Eastern Europe. Presently, the majority of the world's yeshivas and their rosh yeshivas are located in the United States and Israel.
The following is a list of some famous rosh yeshivas:
- Rabbi Yaakov Ades
- Rabbi Ezra Attiya
- Rabbi Chaim Yehuda Leib Auerbach
- Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach
- Rabbi Leib Bakst[citation needed]
- Rabbi Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin
- Rabbi Avraham Yitzchak Bloch
- Rabbi Moshe Mordechai Epstein
- Rabbi Moshe Feinstein
- Rabbi Eliezer Yehuda Finkel
- Rabbi Nosson Tzvi Finkel
- Rabbi Chaim Flom
- Rabbi Mordechai Gifter
- Rabbi Refael Reuvain Grozovsky
- Rabbi Chaim Yaakov Goldvicht
- Rabbi Eliezer Gordon
- Rabbi Nachman Shlomo Greenspan
- Rabbi Shlomo Heiman
- Rabbi Pinchas Hirschprung
- Rabbi Yitzchok Hutner
- Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan
- Rabbi Yaakov Kamenetsky
- Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook
- Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kook
- Rabbi Aharon Kotler
- Rabbi Shneur Kotler
- Rabbi Boruch Ber Leibowitz
- Rabbi Aharon Lichtenstein
- Rabbi Dov Linzer
- Rabbi Eliezer Melamed
- Rabbi Isser Zalman Meltzer
- Rabbi M.M. Minshky[citation needed]
- Rabbi Avigdor Nebenzahl
- Rabbi Avraham Yaakov Pam
- Rabbi Yisroel Yitzchok Piekarski
- Rabbi Shmuel Rozovsky
- Rabbi Yaakov Yitzchok Ruderman
- Rabbi Yisroel Salanter
- Rabbi Yechezkel Sarna
- Rabbi Hershel Schachter
- Rabbi Aaron Schechter
- Rabbi Gedalia Schorr
- Rabbi Elazar Shach
- Rabbi Moshe Shmuel Shapira
- Rabbi Meir Shapiro
- Rabbi Naftoli Shapiro
- Rabbi Shimon Shkop
- Rabbi Chaim Shmuelevitz
- Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik
- Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz
- Rabbi Naftoli Trop
- Rabbi Chaim Volozhin
- Rabbi Elchonon Wasserman
- Rabbi Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg
- Rabbi Ezra Schochet
Rosh mesivta
The title rosh mesivta (alt. rosh metivta)[1] has a long history, going back many centuries.[2] The role is comparable to a dean in a university.[3]
Mashgiach Ruchani
The personal and ethical development of the students in the yeshiva is usually covered by a different personality, known as the mashgiach or spiritual supervisor. This concept, introduced by the Mussar movement in the 19th century, led to perfection of character as one of the aims of attending a yeshiva. One typical and influential mashgiach was Rabbi Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler.
See
References
- ^ "He was previously RAM (Rosh Metivta) at ..." "The Pardes Kollel Experience - These and Those". February 3, 2014.
- ^ Mattis Kantor (2005). Codex Judaica: Chronological Index of Jewish History. ISBN 0967037832.
- ^ "ROSH MESIVTA: the dean of a MESIVTA." Barukh ben David Lev (2003). There is No Such Thing as Coincidence, And Other Stories. ISBN 1583306153.