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{{Short description|Complete prehistorical skeleton found in Portugal}}
{{Short description|Complete prehistorical skeleton found in Portugal}}
'''Lagar Velho 1''', also known as the '''Lagar Velho boy''' or '''Lapedo child''', is a complete prehistorical skeleton found in [[Portugal]], believed to be a [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] that had a [[Neanderthal]] parent and an anatomically modern human parent.
'''Lagar Velho 1''', also known as the '''Lagar Velho boy''' or '''Lapedo child''', is a complete prehistorical skeleton found in [[Portugal]], believed to be a [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] that had a [[Neanderthal]] parent and an [[anatomically modern human]] parent.<ref name="Duarte1999" />


In 1998, this discovery of an early [[Upper Paleolithic]] human burial at [[Abrigo do Lagar Velho]], by the team led by pre-history archeologist João Zilhão, provided evidence of early modern humans from the west of the [[Iberian Peninsula]]. The remains, the largely complete skeleton of an approximately 4-year-old child, buried with pierced shell and red [[ochre]], is dated to ''ca.'' 24,500 years [[Before Present|BP]].<ref name="Duarte1999" /> The [[Human cranium|cranium]], [[human mandible|mandible]], [[dentition]], and [[postcrania]] present a mosaic of European early [[modern human]] and [[Neanderthal]] features.<ref name="Duarte1999">{{cite journal |doi=10.1073/pnas.96.13.7604 |author=Duarte |year=1999 |title=The early Upper Paleolithic human skeleton from the Abrigo do Lagar Velho (Portugal) and modern human emergence in the Iberian Peninsula |publisher=[[PNAS]] |volume=96 |issue=13 |pages=7604–7609 |pmid=10377462 |last2=Maurício |first2=J |last3=Pettitt |first3=PB |last4=Souto |first4=P |last5=Trinkaus |first5=E |last6=Van Der Plicht |first6=H |last7=Zilhão |first7=J |pmc=22133 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last = Jones | first = Dan | title = The Neanderthal Within | doi=10.1016/S0262-4079(07)60550-8 | newspaper = [[New Scientist]] | pages =28–32 | date = 3 March 2007| volume = 193 | issue = 2593 |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19325931-300-the-neanderthal-within}}</ref>
In 1998, this discovery of an early [[Upper Paleolithic]] human burial at [[Abrigo do Lagar Velho]] by the team led by [[prehistoric archeology|prehistoric archeologist]] João Zilhão provided evidence of early modern humans from the west of the [[Iberian Peninsula]]. The remains, the largely complete skeleton of an approximately 4-year-old child, buried with pierced shell and red [[ochre]], is dated to ''ca.'' 24,500 years [[Before Present|BP]].<ref name="Duarte1999" /> The [[Human cranium|cranium]], [[human mandible|mandible]], [[dentition]], and [[postcrania|rest of the skeleton]] present a mosaic of European early modern human and Neanderthal features.<ref name="Duarte1999">{{cite journal |doi=10.1073/pnas.96.13.7604 |author=Duarte |year=1999 |title=The early Upper Paleolithic human skeleton from the Abrigo do Lagar Velho (Portugal) and modern human emergence in the Iberian Peninsula |publisher=[[PNAS]] |volume=96 |issue=13 |pages=7604–7609 |pmid=10377462 |last2=Maurício |first2=J |last3=Pettitt |first3=PB |last4=Souto |first4=P |last5=Trinkaus |first5=E |last6=Van Der Plicht |first6=H |last7=Zilhão |first7=J |pmc=22133 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |display-authors=etal |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jones |first=Dan |title=The Neanderthal Within |doi=10.1016/S0262-4079(07)60550-8 |newspaper=[[New Scientist]] |pages=28–32 |date=3 March 2007 |volume=193 |issue=2593 |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19325931-300-the-neanderthal-within/ |access-date=2023-03-22}}</ref>


This (morphological) mosaic indicates admixture between late archaic and early modern humans in Iberia, refuting hypotheses of complete replacement of the Neanderthals by early modern humans and underlining the complexities of the cultural and biological processes and events that were involved in modern human emergence.<ref name="Duarte1999" />
This (morphological) mosaic indicates admixture between late archaic and early modern humans in Iberia, refuting hypotheses of complete replacement of the Neanderthals by early modern humans, and underlining the complexities of the cultural and biological processes and events that were involved in the emergence of modern humans.<ref name="Duarte1999" />


This was contested by several scientists including Prof. Dr. C.P.E. Zollikofer of the [[University of Zurich]] who concluded the skeleton does not reveal Neanderthal affinities.<ref name="Universität Zürich">[http://www.ifi.uzh.ch/~zolli/res_db/lv.htm ifi.uzh.ch] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20110718041614/http://www.ifi.uzh.ch/~zolli/res_db/lv.htm |date=2011-07-18 }}</ref> However, genetic work from a decade later have shown that there has indeed been [[Archaic human admixture with modern humans|instances of admixture between Neanderthals and modern humans]], bringing the hybrid hypothesis back within the realm of the possible.<ref name="newscientist">[https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18869-neanderthal-genome-reveals-interbreeding-with-humans.html?full=true newscientist.com]; Callaway, E. (2010): Neanderthal genome reveals interbreeding with humans. ''[[New Scientist]] online'', May 6th, 2010.</ref>
This was contested by several scientists, including Prof. Dr. C. P. E. Zollikofer of the [[University of Zurich]], who concluded the skeleton does not reveal Neanderthal affinities.<ref name="Universität Zürich">{{cite web |last1=Zollikofer |first1=C. P. E. |title=Computerized reconstruction and geometric-morphometric analysis of the Lagar Velho child skeleton |url=http://www.ifi.uzh.ch/~zolli/res_db/lv.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811054609/http://www.ifi.uzh.ch/~zolli/res_db/lv.htm |archive-date=2011-08-11 |url-status=dead}}</ref> However, genetic work from a decade later has shown that there has indeed been [[Archaic human admixture with modern humans|instances of admixture between Neanderthals and modern humans]], bringing the hybrid hypothesis back within the realm of the possible.<ref name="newscientist">{{cite web |last1=Callaway |first1=Ewen |title=Neanderthal genome reveals interbreeding with humans |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18869-neanderthal-genome-reveals-interbreeding-with-humans/ |website=NewScientist |date=2010-05-06 |access-date=2023-03-22}}</ref>


A replica of the skeleton and a reconstruction of the boy's face, made by American anthropologist Brian Pierson, can be seen in the Interpretation Centre of the Lagar Velho. There are plans to build a museum of archeology at the Convent of St. Augustine, in the city of [[Leiria]], which houses the original skeleton.{{cn|date=September 2021}}
A replica of the skeleton and a reconstruction of the boy's face, made by American anthropologist Brian Pierson, can be seen in the Interpretation Centre of the Lagar Velho. There are plans to build a museum of archeology at the Convent of St. Augustine, in the city of [[Leiria]], which houses the original skeleton.{{cn|date=September 2021}}


== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071013095412/http://athenapub.com/8zilhao1.htm Article in Athena Review] (from [[Wayback Machine]]). Accessed on June 21, 2009.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071013095412/http://athenapub.com/8zilhao1.htm Article in Athena Review] (from [[Wayback Machine]]). Accessed on June 21, 2009.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091028081126/http://www.aim.uzh.ch/morpho/wiki/Research/LagarVChild Computerized reconstruction and geometric-morphometric analysis of the Lagar Velho child skeleton]. Accessed on June 21, 2009.
*[https://www.academia.edu/232381/The_Lapedo_Child_reborn_Contributions_of_CT_Scanning_and_Rapid_Prototyping_for_na_Upper_Paleolithic_Infant_Burial_and_Face_Reconstruction._The_Case_of_Lagar_Velho_Interpretation_Centre_Leiria_Portugal Paper detailing the 3d reconstruction of the skeleton]
*[https://www.academia.edu/232381/The_Lapedo_Child_reborn_Contributions_of_CT_Scanning_and_Rapid_Prototyping_for_na_Upper_Paleolithic_Infant_Burial_and_Face_Reconstruction._The_Case_of_Lagar_Velho_Interpretation_Centre_Leiria_Portugal Paper detailing the 3d reconstruction of the skeleton]

{{Human Evolution}}
{{Human Evolution}}
{{Homo neanderthalensis|state=collapsed}}
{{Homo neanderthalensis|state=collapsed}}
{{portal bar|Evolutionary biology|Science}}
{{portal bar|Evolutionary biology|Science}}

[[Category:1998 archaeological discoveries]]
[[Category:1998 archaeological discoveries]]
[[Category:Archaeology of Portugal]]
[[Category:Archaeology of Portugal]]
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[[Category:Ethnography]]
[[Category:Ethnography]]
[[Category:Leiria]]
[[Category:Leiria]]
[[Category:Upper Paleolithic Europe]]

Latest revision as of 08:41, 27 May 2024

Lagar Velho 1, also known as the Lagar Velho boy or Lapedo child, is a complete prehistorical skeleton found in Portugal, believed to be a hybrid that had a Neanderthal parent and an anatomically modern human parent.[1]

In 1998, this discovery of an early Upper Paleolithic human burial at Abrigo do Lagar Velho by the team led by prehistoric archeologist João Zilhão provided evidence of early modern humans from the west of the Iberian Peninsula. The remains, the largely complete skeleton of an approximately 4-year-old child, buried with pierced shell and red ochre, is dated to ca. 24,500 years BP.[1] The cranium, mandible, dentition, and rest of the skeleton present a mosaic of European early modern human and Neanderthal features.[1][2]

This (morphological) mosaic indicates admixture between late archaic and early modern humans in Iberia, refuting hypotheses of complete replacement of the Neanderthals by early modern humans, and underlining the complexities of the cultural and biological processes and events that were involved in the emergence of modern humans.[1]

This was contested by several scientists, including Prof. Dr. C. P. E. Zollikofer of the University of Zurich, who concluded the skeleton does not reveal Neanderthal affinities.[3] However, genetic work from a decade later has shown that there has indeed been instances of admixture between Neanderthals and modern humans, bringing the hybrid hypothesis back within the realm of the possible.[4]

A replica of the skeleton and a reconstruction of the boy's face, made by American anthropologist Brian Pierson, can be seen in the Interpretation Centre of the Lagar Velho. There are plans to build a museum of archeology at the Convent of St. Augustine, in the city of Leiria, which houses the original skeleton.[citation needed]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Duarte; Maurício, J; Pettitt, PB; Souto, P; Trinkaus, E; Van Der Plicht, H; Zilhão, J; et al. (1999). "The early Upper Paleolithic human skeleton from the Abrigo do Lagar Velho (Portugal) and modern human emergence in the Iberian Peninsula". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (13). PNAS: 7604–7609. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.13.7604. PMC 22133. PMID 10377462.
  2. ^ Jones, Dan (3 March 2007). "The Neanderthal Within". New Scientist. Vol. 193, no. 2593. pp. 28–32. doi:10.1016/S0262-4079(07)60550-8. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  3. ^ Zollikofer, C. P. E. "Computerized reconstruction and geometric-morphometric analysis of the Lagar Velho child skeleton". Archived from the original on 2011-08-11.
  4. ^ Callaway, Ewen (2010-05-06). "Neanderthal genome reveals interbreeding with humans". NewScientist. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
[edit]
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