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{{MOS|date=October 2015}}
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[[File:Frederik Bloemaert - S. Fredericus.jpg|thumb|Frederick of Utrecht, engraving from ca. 1630 by [[Frederik Bloemaert]].]]
{{no footnotes|date=October 2015}}
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'''Frederick I''' was [[Bishop]] of [[Bishopric of Utrecht|Utrecht]] between 815/816 and 834/838, and a [[saint]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]].
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Bishop
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Frederick of Utrecht
| title = Bishop of Utrecht
| image = Frederik Bloemaert - S. Fredericus.jpg
| alt =
⚫
| caption = Frederick of Utrecht, engraving from ca. 1630 by [[Frederik Bloemaert]].]
| church = [[Chalcedonian Christianity]]
| archdiocese =
| diocese = [[Archdiocese of Utrecht (695–1580)|Archdiocese of Utrecht]]
| see =
| term = 815/816–834/838
| predecessor =
| successor =
<!-- Orders -->
| ordination =
| ordained_by =
| consecration =
| consecrated_by =
| cardinal =
| rank =
<!-- Personal details -->
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = 834/838
| death_place =
| venerated = [[Catholic Church]], [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]
| previous_post =
| nationality =
}}


⚫
'''Frederick I''' was [[Bishop]] of [[Archdiocese of Utrecht (695–1580)|Utrecht]] between 815/816 and 834/838 AD, and is a [[saint]] of the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] and [[Roman Catholic Church]]. His name is sometimes Latinized as '''Fridericus Cridiodunus.'''
⚫
Frederick was born around 780 in [[Friesland]] and was a grandson of the Frisian [[Radbod,_King_of_the_Frisians | King Radboud]]. According to the [[Catholic Church]], he died on 18 July 838 but other sources give dates between 834 and 838. In any case it is certain that he was murdered.


⚫
Frederick was born around 780 in a noble family from [[Frisia]]. 16th-century folklore mistook him for a grandson of the Frisian [[Radbod, King of the Frisians|King Radboud]]. According to Church records, he died on 18 July 838 but other sources give dates between 834 and 838. In any case it is certain that he was murdered.
⚫
At a young age he was taught at Utrecht by the clergy, including Bishop [[Ricfried]]. After completing his studies he was ordained [[priest]] and put in charge of converting the remaining [[heathens]] in the northern areas of the diocese, but also in areas outside of the diocese. It is known that he preached at [[Walcheren]] and together with [[St. Odulfus]] in [[Stavoren]] and its surroundings.


⚫
At a young age he was taught at [[Utrecht]] by the clergy, including Bishop [[Ricfried]]. After completing his studies he was ordained [[priest]] and put in charge of converting the remaining [[Paganism|heathens]] in the northern areas of the diocese, but also in areas outside of the diocese. It is known that he preached at [[Walcheren]] and together with [[St. Odulfus]] in [[Stavoren]] and its surroundings.
After the death of Ricfried in 815/816, Frederick was chosen as bishop of Utrecht. He was known for his piety and erudition. He maintained a correspondence with [[Rabanus Maurus]]. He was praised for his knowledge and understanding during the synod of [[Mainz]] in 829. The [[hagiography]]''Vita S. Bonifacii'' has been attributed to him.


It is unclear exactly how Frederick came to an end. It has been established that he was murdered, but by whom and why is unclear. [[legend]] tells that he was stabbed by two men after the offering of the [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] on 18 July 838. According to the 11th and 12th century writers Bishop [[Otbert of Liège]] (''Passio''Friderici) and [[William of Malmesbury]], the killers were hired by Empress [[Judith of Bavaria|Judith]], because of Frederick's regular criticism of her dissolute way of life. Later writers like [[Cesare Baronio]] and [[Jean Mabillon]] write that the inhabitants of Walcheren, who were hostile to [[Christianity]], sent them as a response to Frederick's preaching there.
After the death of Ricfried in 815/816, Frederick was chosen as Bishop of Utrecht. He was known for his piety and erudition. He maintained a correspondence with [[Rabanus Maurus]]. He was praised for his knowledge and understanding during the synod of [[Mainz]] in 829. The [[hagiography]]''Vita S. Bonifacii'' has been attributed to him.
It is unclear exactly how Frederick came to an end. It has been established that he was murdered, but by whom and why is unclear. [[Legend]] tells that he was stabbed by two men after the offering of the [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] on 18 July 838. According to the 11th and 12th century writers Bishop [[Otbert of Liège]] (''Passio Frederici'') and [[William of Malmesbury]], the killers were hired by Empress [[Judith of Bavaria (died 843)|Judith]], because of Frederick's regular criticism of her dissolute way of life. Later writers like [[Cesare Baronio]] and [[Jean Mabillon]] write that the inhabitants of Walcheren, who were hostile to [[Christianity]], sent them as a response to Frederick's preaching there.


The latter seems the most plausible. There are no sources of writers of the time showing that the empress was unchaste or immoral, or that Frederick had made that allegation. Moreover, Walcheren was quite hostile to the [[missionaries]] from Utrecht.
The latter seems the most plausible. There are no sources of writers of the time showing that the empress was unchaste or immoral, or that Frederick had made that allegation. Moreover, Walcheren was quite hostile to the [[missionaries]] from Utrecht.


Shortly after his death, Frederick was [[Canonization|Canonized]]. His feast day is 18 July and he is the [[patron saint]] for the deaf. He was buried in [[St. Salvator's Church]] in Utrecht.
Shortly after his death, Frederick was [[Canonization|canonized]]. His feast day is 18 July and he is the [[patron saint]] of the deaf. He was buried in [[St. Salvator's Church]] in Utrecht.


==References==
==References==
http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/molh003nieu02_01/molh003nieu02_01_0988.htm (Dutch)
[http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/molh003nieu02_01/molh003nieu02_01_0988.htm ''Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek. Deel 2'' (Dutch)]


{{S-start}}
{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|
{{Succession box|
| title = [[Bishop of Utrecht]]
| title = [[Archdiocese of Utrecht (695–1580)|Bishop of Utrecht]]
| years=ca. 815-ca. 830s
| years=ca. 815-ca. 830s
| before = [[Ricfried]]
| before = [[Ricfried]]
| after = [[Alberik II]]
| after = [[Alberik II]]
}}
}}
{{end}}
{{s-end}}


{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:9th-century bishops]]
[[Category:Frankish saints]]
[[Category:780s births]]
[[Category:Frankish bishops]]
[[Category:840s deaths]]
[[Category:840s deaths]]
[[Category:8th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:Bishops in the Carolingian Empire]]
[[Category:Bishops of Utrecht]]
[[Category:Bishops of Utrecht]]
[[Category:780 births]]
[[Category:Saints from the Carolingian Empire]]
[[Category:Medieval Dutch saints]]
[[Category:Medieval Dutch saints]]
[[Category:Medieval West Frisians]]

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[[Category:9th-century writers in Latin]]
[[ca:Frederic d'Utrecht]]
[[Category:Writers from the Carolingian Empire]]
[[es:Federico de Utrecht]]
[[fr:Frédéric d'Utrecht]]
[[id:Frederik dari Utrecht]]
[[it:Federico di Utrecht]]
[[nl:Frederik van Utrecht]]
[[ru:Фредерик Утрехтский]]

Latest revision as of 15:36, 27 May 2024

Frederick of Utrecht
Bishop of Utrecht
Frederick of Utrecht, engraving from ca. 1630 by Frederik Bloemaert.]
ChurchChalcedonian Christianity
DioceseArchdiocese of Utrecht
In office815/816–834/838
Personal details
Died834/838
Sainthood
Venerated inCatholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church

Frederick I was Bishop of Utrecht between 815/816 and 834/838 AD, and is a saint of the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church. His name is sometimes Latinized as Fridericus Cridiodunus.

Frederick was born around 780 in a noble family from Frisia. 16th-century folklore mistook him for a grandson of the Frisian King Radboud. According to Church records, he died on 18 July 838 but other sources give dates between 834 and 838. In any case it is certain that he was murdered.

At a young age he was taught at Utrecht by the clergy, including Bishop Ricfried. After completing his studies he was ordained priest and put in charge of converting the remaining heathens in the northern areas of the diocese, but also in areas outside of the diocese. It is known that he preached at Walcheren and together with St. Odulfus in Stavoren and its surroundings.

After the death of Ricfried in 815/816, Frederick was chosen as Bishop of Utrecht. He was known for his piety and erudition. He maintained a correspondence with Rabanus Maurus. He was praised for his knowledge and understanding during the synod of Mainz in 829. The hagiographyVita S. Bonifacii has been attributed to him.

It is unclear exactly how Frederick came to an end. It has been established that he was murdered, but by whom and why is unclear. Legend tells that he was stabbed by two men after the offering of the Mass on 18 July 838. According to the 11th and 12th century writers Bishop Otbert of Liège (Passio Frederici) and William of Malmesbury, the killers were hired by Empress Judith, because of Frederick's regular criticism of her dissolute way of life. Later writers like Cesare Baronio and Jean Mabillon write that the inhabitants of Walcheren, who were hostile to Christianity, sent them as a response to Frederick's preaching there.

The latter seems the most plausible. There are no sources of writers of the time showing that the empress was unchaste or immoral, or that Frederick had made that allegation. Moreover, Walcheren was quite hostile to the missionaries from Utrecht.

Shortly after his death, Frederick was canonized. His feast day is 18 July and he is the patron saint of the deaf. He was buried in St. Salvator's Church in Utrecht.

References

[edit]

Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek. Deel 2 (Dutch)

Preceded by Bishop of Utrecht
ca. 815-ca. 830s 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick_of_Utrecht&oldid=1225927874"