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| {{center| [[Image:Flag of England.svg|30px]] '''1190s in England''' [[Image:Flag of England.svg|30px]]}} |
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|''Other decades'' |
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| align="center" | [[1170s in England|1170s]] | [[1180s in England|1180s]] | '''1190s''' | [[1200s in England|1200s]] | [[1210s in England|1210s]] |
| align="center" | [[1170s in England|1170s]] | [[1180s in England|1180s]] | '''1190s''' | [[1200s in England|1200s]] | [[1210s in England|1210s]] |
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Events from the ''' |
Events from the '''1190s in [[England]]'''. |
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==Incumbents== |
==Incumbents== |
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*[[English monarch|Monarch]] – [[Richard I of England|Richard I]] (to 6 April 1199), then [[John, King of England|John]] |
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==Events== |
==Events== |
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* '''1190''' |
* '''1190''' |
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** 6 February |
** 6 February – [[History of the Jews in England (1066–1290)#Massacres at London and York (1189–1190)|massacre]] of almost all [[Jews]] in [[Norwich]]. |
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** 7 March |
** 7 March – massacre of Jews at [[Stamford, Lincolnshire|Stamford]] Fair. |
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** 16 March – |
** 16 March – a mob besieges 150 Jews in [[York Castle]], killing those who do not commit suicide.<ref name=CBH/> |
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** 18 March |
** 18 March – massacre of 57 Jews at [[Bury St Edmunds|Bury St. Edmunds]]. |
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** 4 July – Kings [[Richard I of England]] and [[Philip II of France]] set out |
** 4 July – Kings [[Richard I of England]] and [[Philip II of France]] set out from France to join the [[Third Crusade]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/129|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/129 129–131]}}</ref> |
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** Summer |
** Summer – [[William de Longchamp|William Longchamp]] arrests his co-regent [[Hugh de Puiset]] and rules alone as [[Lord Chancellor]], [[Justiciar]], and [[papal legate]].<ref name=CBH/> |
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** First known foreign scholar commences study at what will become the [[University of Oxford]], [[Emo of Friesland]]. |
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* '''1191''' |
* '''1191''' |
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** 12 May – Richard I marries [[Berengaria of Navarre]] |
** 12 May – Richard I marries [[Berengaria of Navarre]]<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref> on Cyprus; she will never visit England during his lifetime. |
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** 12 July – Third Crusade: [[Siege of Acre ( |
** 12 July – Third Crusade: [[Siege of Acre (1189–1191)|Siege of Acre]] ends with a crusader victory led by Philip II and Richard I.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/> |
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** 7 September – Third Crusade: Richard defeats [[Saladin]] at the [[Battle of Arsuf]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/> |
** 7 September – Third Crusade: Richard defeats [[Saladin]] at the [[Battle of Arsuf]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/> |
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** October – Prince [[John of England]] deposes William Longchamp.<ref name=CBH/> |
** October – Prince [[John, King of England|John of England]] deposes William Longchamp.<ref name=CBH/> |
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** 27 November – [[Reginald fitz Jocelin]] elected [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] but dies before being consecrated. |
** 27 November – [[Reginald Fitz Jocelin|Reginald fitz Jocelin]] elected [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] but dies before being consecrated. |
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** Monks at [[Glastonbury Abbey]] claim to have found the tomb of [[King Arthur]] and Queen [[Guinevere]]. |
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* '''1192''' |
* '''1192''' |
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** 5 August – Third Crusade: Richard defeats Saladin at the [[Battle of Jaffa]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/> |
** 5 August – Third Crusade: Richard defeats Saladin at the [[Battle of Jaffa (1192)|Battle of Jaffa]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/> |
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** 2 September – [[Treaty of Jaffa]] between Richard and Saladin allows [[Christian]] pilgrims to visit [[Jerusalem]] and ends the Third Crusade. |
** 2 September – [[Treaty of Jaffa (1192)|Treaty of Jaffa]] between Richard and Saladin allows [[Christians|Christian]] pilgrims to visit [[Jerusalem]] and ends the Third Crusade. Richard leaves the Holy Land in October. |
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** 11 December – |
** 11 December – returning from the Crusade, Richard is taken prisoner by [[Leopold V, Duke of Austria]], and secured at [[Dürnstein]]. |
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** Prince John recognised as heir to the throne, and takes control of the royal castles at [[Windsor Castle|Windsor]] and [[Wallingford Castle|Wallingford]].<ref name=CBH/> |
** Prince John recognised as heir to the throne, and takes control of the royal castles at [[Windsor Castle|Windsor]] and [[Wallingford Castle|Wallingford]].<ref name=CBH/> |
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** Rebuilding of [[Lincoln Cathedral]] begins.<ref>{{cite book|first=Ian|last=Sutton|title=Architecture, from Ancient Greece to the Present|location=London|publisher=Thames & Hudson|year=1999|isbn=978-0-500-20316-3}}</ref> |
** Rebuilding of [[Lincoln Cathedral]] begins.<ref>{{cite book|first=Ian|last=Sutton|title=Architecture, from Ancient Greece to the Present|location=London|publisher=Thames & Hudson|year=1999|isbn=978-0-500-20316-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/westernarchitect00sutt}}</ref> |
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** [[Richard of Devizes]] composes ''Chronicon de rebus gestis Ricardi Primi''. |
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* '''1193''' |
* '''1193''' |
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** 14 February – Richard I is handed to custody of [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor]], and moved to [[Speyer]]. |
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** 29 May – [[Hubert Walter]] enthroned as [[Archbishop of Canterbury]].<ref name="Oxford Popular">{{cite book|title=The Oxford Popular History of Britain|last=Morgan|first=Kenneth O.|publisher=Parragon| |
** 29 May – [[Hubert Walter]] enthroned as [[Archbishop of Canterbury]].<ref name="Oxford Popular">{{cite book|title=The Oxford Popular History of Britain|last=Morgan|first=Kenneth O.| author-link = Kenneth O. Morgan |publisher=Parragon|year=1998|isbn=0-7525-2572-7}}</ref> |
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* '''1194''' |
* '''1194''' |
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** 4 February – Richard I |
** 4 February – Richard I ransomed from captivity. |
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** 12 March–28 March – Richard returns to England and besieges [[Nottingham Castle]] to reclaim it from his brother [[John of England|John]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/> |
** c. 10 February – [[Henry Marshal (bishop of Exeter)|Henry Marshal]] is nominated [[Bishop of Exeter]]. |
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** 12 March–28 March – Richard returns to England and besieges [[Nottingham Castle]] to reclaim it from his brother [[John, King of England|John]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/> |
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** 17 April – |
** 17 April – second coronation of Richard I at [[Winchester]].<ref name=CBH/> |
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** 2 May – [[Portsmouth]] granted a [[Royal Charter]]. |
** 2 May – [[Portsmouth]] granted a [[Royal charter|Royal Charter]]; dock ordered to be built here. |
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** 12 May – Richard I leaves |
** 12 May – after settling affairs in England, Richard I leaves for [[Barfleur]] in Normandy to reclaim lands lost to [[Philip II of France]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/> |
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** 3 July – Richard |
** 3 July – Battle of Fréteval: Richard I reconquers his French fiefdoms from Philip II.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/> |
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** Hubert Walter appointed as Justiciar.<ref name="Oxford Popular"/> |
** Hubert Walter appointed as Justiciar.<ref name="Oxford Popular"/> |
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** September: [[Articles of Eyre]] proclaimed |
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** Hubert Walter establishes the office of [[coroner]].<ref name=CBH/> |
** Hubert Walter establishes the office of [[coroner]].<ref name=CBH/> |
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** [[History of the Jews in England#Ordinance of the Jewry, 1194|Ordinance of the Jewry]]. |
** [[History of the Jews in England (1066–1290)#Ordinance of the Jewry, 1194|Ordinance of the Jewry]]: for taxation purposes, records are to be kept of financial transactions. England elects to be served financially by Jews, hence the eponym. |
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* '''1195''' |
* '''1195''' |
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** [[Treaty of Louviers]] suspends war between England and France; France takes control of Norman [[Vexin]].<ref name=CBH/> |
** [[Treaty of Louviers]] suspends war between England and France; France takes control of Norman [[Vexin]].<ref name=CBH/> |
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** [[Bushmead Priory]] founded. |
** [[Bushmead Priory]] founded. |
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** New stone [[Lydford Castle]] built in the [[Forest of Dartmoor]]. |
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* '''1196''' |
* '''1196''' |
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** Spring – |
** Spring – in [[London]], a popular uprising of the poor against the rich is led by [[William Fitz Osbert|William Fitz Osbern]]. |
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** [[Assize of Measures]] establishes the [[ell]] as the standard English measure, and regulates the production of cloth.<ref name=CBH/> |
** [[Assize of Measures]] establishes the [[ell]] as the standard English measure, and regulates the production of cloth.<ref name=CBH/> |
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* '''1197''' |
* '''1197''' |
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** A statute establishes standard [[weights and measures]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/> |
** A statute establishes standard [[Unit of measurement|weights and measures]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/> |
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* '''1198''' |
* '''1198''' |
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** June – England resumes its war against France, re-occupying Norman Vexin.<ref name=CBH/> |
** June – England resumes its war against France, re-occupying Norman [[Vexin]].<ref name=CBH/> |
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** June 23 – fire at [[Bury St Edmunds Abbey]]. |
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** September – [[Battle of Gisors]]: English victory over the French.<ref name=CBH/> |
** September – [[Battle of Gisors]]: English victory over the French.<ref name=CBH/> |
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* '''1199''' |
* '''1199''' |
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** 13 January – |
** 13 January – short-lived truce between England and France.<ref name=CBH/> |
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** 6 April – King Richard I |
** 6 April – King Richard I dies of a wound received at the siege of the castle of [[Châlus]] in France.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/> |
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** 27 May – |
** 27 May – coronation of King [[John, King of England|John of England]], Richard's brother.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/> |
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** [[Hubert Walter]] appointed as [[Lord Chancellor]].<ref name="Oxford Popular"/> |
** [[Hubert Walter]] appointed as [[Lord Chancellor]].<ref name="Oxford Popular"/> |
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** King [[Philip II of France]] renews his war against England, supporting the rival claim to the English throne of [[Arthur of Brittany]].<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan| |
** King [[Philip II of France]] renews his war against England, supporting the rival claim to the English throne of [[Arthur I, Duke of Brittany|Arthur of Brittany]].<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer|first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=73–75|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref> |
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** [[St John's Jerusalem]] at [[Sutton-at-Hone]], [[Kent]], established as a [[Commandery|Commandry]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]]. |
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** [[St Laurence's Church, Ludlow]], is rebuilt. |
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==Births== |
==Births== |
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* 1190 |
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⚫ | |||
* 1193 |
* 1193 |
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** |
**[[William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby]] (died [[1250s in England|1254]]) |
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* 1195 |
* 1195 |
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** |
**[[Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester]] (died [[1260s in England|1265]]) |
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* 1197 |
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⚫ | |||
==Deaths== |
==Deaths== |
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* 1190 |
* 1190 |
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** 19 November – [[Baldwin of Exeter]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] |
** 19 November – [[Baldwin of Forde|Baldwin of Exeter]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] |
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** [[Ranulf de Glanvill]], chief justiciar |
** [[Ranulf de Glanvill]], chief justiciar |
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** [[Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester]] |
** [[Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester]] |
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* 1191 |
* 1191 |
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** 26 December |
** 26 December – [[Reginald Fitz Jocelin|Reginald fitz Jocelin]] [[Archbishop of Canterbury|Archbishop-elect of Canterbury]] |
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* 1194 |
* 1194 |
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** |
**[[Benedict of Peterborough|Abbas Benedictus]], abbot of Peterborough |
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* 1195 |
* 1195 |
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** |
**[[Hugh de Puiset]], bishop of Durham (born c. [[1120s in England|1125]]) |
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* 1196 |
* 1196 |
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** |
**[[William Fitz Osbert|William Fitz Osbern]], London citizen |
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* 1197 |
* 1197 |
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** |
**[[William de Longchamp|William Longchamp]], [[Lord Chancellor]] |
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* 1198 |
* 1198 |
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** |
**[[William of Newburgh]], historian (born c. [[1130s in England|1136]]) |
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* 1199 |
* 1199 |
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** 6 April |
** 6 April – [[Richard I of England]] (killed in battle) (born [[1150s in England|1157]]) |
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** 4 September |
** 4 September – [[Joan of England, Queen of Sicily]], wife of [[William II of Sicily]] (born [[1160s in England|1165]]) |
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* uncertain |
* uncertain |
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** [[William Fitzstephen]], servant of [[Thomas Becket]] and sheriff of [[Gloucester]] |
** [[William Fitzstephen]], servant of [[Thomas Becket]] and sheriff of [[Gloucester]] |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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==See also== |
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{{England year nav}} |
{{England year nav}} |
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[[Category:1190s |
[[Category:1190s in England| ]] |
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[[Category:12th century in England]] |
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[[Category:Decades in England]] |
Revision as of 13:40, 30 May 2024
Other decades |
1170s | 1180s | 1190s | 1200s | 1210s |
Events from the 1190s in England.
Incumbents
Events
- 1190
- 6 February – massacre of almost all Jews in Norwich.
- 7 March – massacre of Jews at Stamford Fair.
- 16 March – a mob besieges 150 Jews in York Castle, killing those who do not commit suicide.[1]
- 18 March – massacre of 57 Jews at Bury St. Edmunds.
- 4 July – Kings Richard I of England and Philip II of France set out from France to join the Third Crusade.[2]
- Summer – William Longchamp arrests his co-regent Hugh de Puiset and rules alone as Lord Chancellor, Justiciar, and papal legate.[1]
- First known foreign scholar commences study at what will become the University of Oxford, Emo of Friesland.
- 1191
- 12 May – Richard I marries Berengaria of Navarre[3] on Cyprus; she will never visit England during his lifetime.
- 12 July – Third Crusade: Siege of Acre ends with a crusader victory led by Philip II and Richard I.[2]
- 7 September – Third Crusade: Richard defeats Saladin at the Battle of Arsuf.[2]
- October – Prince John of England deposes William Longchamp.[1]
- 27 November – Reginald fitz Jocelin elected Archbishop of Canterbury but dies before being consecrated.
- Monks at Glastonbury Abbey claim to have found the tomb of King Arthur and Queen Guinevere.
- 1192
- 5 August – Third Crusade: Richard defeats Saladin at the Battle of Jaffa.[2]
- 2 September – Treaty of Jaffa between Richard and Saladin allows Christian pilgrims to visit Jerusalem and ends the Third Crusade. Richard leaves the Holy Land in October.
- 11 December – returning from the Crusade, Richard is taken prisoner by Leopold V, Duke of Austria, and secured at Dürnstein.
- Prince John recognised as heir to the throne, and takes control of the royal castles at Windsor and Wallingford.[1]
- Rebuilding of Lincoln Cathedral begins.[4]
- Richard of Devizes composes Chronicon de rebus gestis Ricardi Primi.
- 1193
- 14 February – Richard I is handed to custody of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, and moved to Speyer.
- 29 May – Hubert Walter enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.[5]
- 1194
- 4 February – Richard I ransomed from captivity.
- c. 10 February – Henry Marshal is nominated Bishop of Exeter.
- 12 March–28 March – Richard returns to England and besieges Nottingham Castle to reclaim it from his brother John.[2]
- 17 April – second coronation of Richard I at Winchester.[1]
- 2 May – Portsmouth granted a Royal Charter; dock ordered to be built here.
- 12 May – after settling affairs in England, Richard I leaves for Barfleur in Normandy to reclaim lands lost to Philip II of France.[2]
- 3 July – Battle of Fréteval: Richard I reconquers his French fiefdoms from Philip II.[2]
- Hubert Walter appointed as Justiciar.[5]
- September: Articles of Eyre proclaimed
- Hubert Walter establishes the office of coroner.[1]
- Ordinance of the Jewry: for taxation purposes, records are to be kept of financial transactions. England elects to be served financially by Jews, hence the eponym.
- 1195
- Treaty of Louviers suspends war between England and France; France takes control of Norman Vexin.[1]
- Bushmead Priory founded.
- New stone Lydford Castle built in the Forest of Dartmoor.
- 1196
- Spring – in London, a popular uprising of the poor against the rich is led by William Fitz Osbern.
- Assize of Measures establishes the ell as the standard English measure, and regulates the production of cloth.[1]
- 1197
- A statute establishes standard weights and measures.[2]
- 1198
- June – England resumes its war against France, re-occupying Norman Vexin.[1]
- June 23 – fire at Bury St Edmunds Abbey.
- September – Battle of Gisors: English victory over the French.[1]
- 1199
- 13 January – short-lived truce between England and France.[1]
- 6 April – King Richard I dies of a wound received at the siege of the castle of Châlus in France.[2]
- 27 May – coronation of King John of England, Richard's brother.[2]
- Hubert Walter appointed as Lord Chancellor.[5]
- King Philip II of France renews his war against England, supporting the rival claim to the English throne of Arthur of Brittany.[1]
- St John's Jerusalem at Sutton-at-Hone, Kent, established as a Commandry of the Knights Hospitaller.
- St Laurence's Church, Ludlow, is rebuilt.
Births
- 1193
- 1195
- 1197
- Richard of Chichester, bishop, canonised (died 1253)
Deaths
- 1190
- 19 November – Baldwin of Exeter, Archbishop of Canterbury
- Ranulf de Glanvill, chief justiciar
- Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester
- 1191
- 26 December – Reginald fitz Jocelin Archbishop-elect of Canterbury
- 1194
- Abbas Benedictus, abbot of Peterborough
- 1195
- Hugh de Puiset, bishop of Durham (born c. 1125)
- 1196
- William Fitz Osbern, London citizen
- 1197
- 1198
- William of Newburgh, historian (born c. 1136)
- 1199
- 6 April – Richard I of England (killed in battle) (born 1157)
- 4 September – Joan of England, Queen of Sicily, wife of William II of Sicily (born 1165)
- uncertain
- William Fitzstephen, servant of Thomas Becket and sheriff of Gloucester
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 73–75. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 129–131. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ^ Sutton, Ian (1999). Architecture, from Ancient Greece to the Present. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-20316-3.
- ^ a b c Morgan, Kenneth O. (1998). The Oxford Popular History of Britain. Parragon. ISBN 0-7525-2572-7.