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Coordinates: 41°24′0.0″N 128°10′59.9″E / 41.400000°N 128.183306°E / 41.400000; 128.183306
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{{Short description|Province of North Korea}}
{{Short description|Province of North Korea}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Ryanggang Province
| name = {{raise|0.2em|Ryanggang Province}}
| native_name = {{nobold|량강도}}
⚫
| native_name_lang = ko
| native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|량강도}}}}
⚫
| settlement_type = [[Provinces of North Korea|Province]]
⚫
| native_name_lang = ko
⚫
| translit_lang1 = Korean
⚫
| settlement_type = [[Provinces of North Korea|Province]]
⚫
| translit_lang1 = Korean
| translit_lang1_type = [[Chosŏn'gŭl]]
| translit_lang1_type = [[Chosŏn'gŭl]]
| translit_lang1_info = {{lang|ko|{{linktext|량|강|도}}}}
| translit_lang1_info = {{lang|ko|량강도}}
| translit_lang1_type1 = [[Hancha]]
| translit_lang1_type1 = [[Hancha]]
| translit_lang1_info1 = {{lang|ko|{{linktext|兩|江|道}}}}
| translit_lang1_info1 = {{lang|ko|{{linktext|兩|江|道}}}}
| translit_lang1_type2 = McCune-Reischauer
| translit_lang1_type2 = McCune-Reischauer
| translit_lang1_info2 = Ryanggang-do
| translit_lang1_info2 = Ryanggang-do
| translit_lang1_type3 = Revised Romanization
| translit_lang1_type3 = Revised Romanization
| translit_lang1_info3 = Yanggang-do
| translit_lang1_info3 = Ryanggang-do
| image_flag = Flag of Ryanggang.svg
| image_flag =
| image_seal = Emblem of Ryanggang.svg
| image_seal =
| image_map = Ryanggang-do in North Korea.svg
| image_map = Ryanggang-do in North Korea.svg
| coordinates = {{WikidataCoord|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{WikidataCoord|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|North Korea}}
| subdivision_name = North Korea
| subdivision_type1 = Region
| subdivision_type1 = Region
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kwannam]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kwannam]]
| seat_type = Capital
| seat_type = Capital
| seat = [[Hyesan]]
| seat = [[Hyesan]]
| parts_type = Subdivisions
| parts_type = Subdivisions
| parts_style = <!-- list, coll (collapsed list), para (paragraph format) -->
| parts_style = <!-- list, coll (collapsed list), para (paragraph format) -->
| parts = 2 cities; 10 counties
| parts = 2 cities; 10 counties
| leader_party = [[Workers' Party of Korea|WPK]]
| leader_party = [[Workers' Party of Korea|WPK]]
| leader_title = Party Committee Chairman
| leader_title = Party Committee Chairman
| leader_name = [[Ri Sang-won]]<ref name=unikorea>{{Cite web|title=Organizational Chart of North Korean Leadership
| leader_name = [[Ri Sang-won]]<ref name=unikorea>{{Cite web|title=Organizational Chart of North Korean Leadership
|location=Seoul|publisher=Political and Military Analysis Division, Intelligence and Analysis Bureau; Ministry of Unification |date=January 2018|access-date=17 October 2018|url=https://www.unikorea.go.kr/cms/getFile.do?file=2018012913454378143.pdf&orgname=north_korean_Leadership.pdf&mgmtId=MGMT_0000000754&siteId=SITE_00003&filePath=eng_unikorea/common/file/&count=Y#.pdf}}</ref>
|location=Seoul|publisher=Political and Military Analysis Division, Intelligence and Analysis Bureau; Ministry of Unification |date=January 2018|access-date=17 October 2018|url=https://www.unikorea.go.kr/cms/getFile.do?file=2018012913454378143.pdf&orgname=north_korean_Leadership.pdf&mgmtId=MGMT_0000000754&siteId=SITE_00003&filePath=eng_unikorea/common/file/&count=Y#.pdf}}</ref>
| leader_title2 = People's Committee Chairman
| leader_title2 = Provincial People's Committee Chairman
| leader_name2 = [[Kim Chol Nam]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=KCNA {{!}} Article {{!}} Respected Comrade Kim Jong Un Sends Efficient Tractors to Cities and Counties of Ryanggang Province |url=http://kcna.kp/en/article/q/373160bb40729c78652eafd01caedc69.kcmsf |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=[[ Korean Central News Agency]]}}</ref>
| leader_name2 = [[Ri Song-guk]]<ref name=unikorea/>
| area_total_km2 = 14,317
| area_total_km2 = 14,317
| population_total = 719,269
| population_total = 719,269
| population_as_of = 2008
| population_as_of = 2008
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| timezone = [[Time in North Korea|Pyongyang Time]]
| timezone = [[Time in North Korea|Pyongyang Time]]
| utc_offset = +9
| utc_offset = +9
| blank_name_sec1 = Dialect
| blank_name_sec1 = Dialect
| blank_info_sec1 = [[Hamgyong Dialect|Hamgyŏng]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[Hamgyong Dialect|Hamgyŏng]]
}}
}}


'''Ryanggang Province''' ('''Ryanggangdo'''; {{lang-ko|량강도}}, ''Ryanggang-do'', {{IPA-ko|ɾjaŋ.ɡaŋ.do}}) is a [[Administrative divisions of North Korea|province]] in [[North Korea]]. The province is bordered by [[China]] ([[Jilin]]) on the north, [[North Hamgyong]] on the east, [[South Hamgyong]] on the south, and [[Chagang]] on the west. Ryanggang was formed in 1954, when it was separated from South Hamgyŏng. The provincial capital is [[Hyesan]]. In [[South Korea]]n usage, "Ryanggang" is spelled and pronounced as "Yanggang" ({{lang-ko|양강도}}, ''Yanggang-do'', {{IPA-ko|jaŋ.ɡaŋ.do}})
'''Ryanggang Province''' ('''Ryanggangdo'''; {{Korean|hangul=량강도|mr=Ryanggang-do}}, {{IPA-ko|ɾjaŋ.ɡaŋ.do}}) is a [[Administrative divisions of North Korea|province]] in [[North Korea]]. The province is bordered by [[China]] ([[Jilin]]) to the north, [[North Hamgyong]] to the east, [[South Hamgyong]] to the south, and [[Chagang]] to the west. Ryanggang was formed in 1954, when it was separated from South Hamgyŏng. The provincial capital is [[Hyesan]]. In [[South Korea]]n usage, "Ryanggang" is spelled and pronounced as "Yanggang" {{Korean|hangul=양강도|rr=Yanggang-do}}, {{IPA-ko|jaŋ.ɡaŋ.do}}).


==Description==
==Description==
Along the northern border with China runs the [[Yalu River]] and the [[Tumen River]]. In between the rivers, and the source of both, is [[Paektu Mountain]], revered by both the Koreans and Manchurians as the mythic origin of each people. The North Korean government claims that [[Kim Jong-il]] was born there when his parents were at a Communist resistance camp at the mountain. The North Korean-Chinese border for 20 miles east of the mountain is "dry, remote and mountainous, barely patrolled," making it one of the crossing areas for refugees from North Korea into China, although most, including refugees from Ryanggang itself, prefer to cross over the [[Tumen River]].<ref name=times1006>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/22/weekinreview/22marsh.html |last=Onishi |first=Norimitsu |title=Tension, Desperation: The China-North Korean Border |date=22 October 2006 |newspaper=[[New York Times]] }} The information cited in this footnote comes from the captions to the large illustrated map published with the newspaper article and available online with it.</ref>
Along the northern border with China runs the [[Yalu River]] and the [[Tumen River]]. In between the rivers, and the source of both, is [[Paektu Mountain]], revered by both the Koreans and [[Manchu people|Manchurians]] as the mythic origin of each people. The North Korean government claims that [[Kim Jong-il]] was born there when his parents were at a Communist anti-Japanese resistance camp at the mountain. The North Korean-Chinese border for {{convert|20|mi|km|order=flip}} east of the mountain is "dry, remote and mountainous, barely patrolled," making it one of the crossing areas for [[North Korean defectors|refugees]] from North Korea into China, although most, including refugees from Ryanggang itself, prefer to cross over the [[Tumen River]].<ref name=times1006>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/22/weekinreview/22marsh.html |last=Onishi |first=Norimitsu |title=Tension, Desperation: The China-North Korean Border |date=22 October 2006 |newspaper=[[New York Times]] }} The information cited in this footnote comes from the captions to the large illustrated map published with the newspaper article and available online with it.</ref>


Although all of [[Economy of North Korea|North Korea is economically depressed]], Ryanggang province, along with neighboring North Hamgyong and South Hamgyong provinces, are the poorest, forming North Korea's "Rust Belt" of industrialized cities with factories now decrepit and failing. The worst hunger of the 1990s famine years occurred in these three provinces, and most refugees into China come from the Rust Belt region.<ref name=times1006/>
Although all of [[Economy of North Korea|North Korea is economically depressed]] after [[Soviet dissolution]], Ryanggang province, along with neighboring North Hamgyong and South Hamgyong provinces, are the poorest, forming North Korea's "Rust Belt" of industrialized cities with factories now decrepit and failing. The worst hunger of the [[North Korean famine|1990s famine]] years occurred in these three provinces, and most refugees into China come from the Rust Belt region.<ref name=times1006/>


===Ryanggang explosion===
===Ryanggang explosion===
{{main|Ryanggang explosion}}
{{main|Ryanggang explosion}}
An explosion and [[mushroom cloud]] was reportedly detected in [[Kimhyŏngjik]]-gun on 9 September 2004, the 56th anniversary of the creation of North Korea. This was reported a few days later on 12 September.
An explosion and [[mushroom cloud]] was reportedly detected in [[Kimhyŏngjik]]-gun on 9 September 2004, the 56th anniversary of the creation of North Korea. This was reported a few days later on 12 September.


===Power supply issues===
===Power supply issues===
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Ryanggang is divided into 2 cities ([[List of cities in North Korea|''si'']]) and 10 counties ([[List of second-level administrative divisions of North Korea|''kun'']]). Each entity is listed below in English, [[Chosŏn'gŭl]], and [[Hanja]].
Ryanggang is divided into 2 cities ([[List of cities in North Korea|''si'']]) and 10 counties ([[List of second-level administrative divisions of North Korea|''kun'']]). Each entity is listed below in English, [[Chosŏn'gŭl]], and [[Hanja]].
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="font-size:90%;"
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="font-size:90%;"
!Image
!Name
!Name
![[Chosongul]]
![[Chosongul]]
![[Hanja]]
![[Hanja]]
!Population<br>(2008)<ref>{{cite web|date=2009|title=DPR Korea 2008 Population Census: National Report|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514111837/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf|archive-date=14 May 2011|access-date=25 November 2020|publisher=Central Bureau of Statistics}}</ref>
!Population<br>(2008)<ref>{{cite web|date=2009|title=DPR Korea 2008 Population Census: National Report|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514111837/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf|archive-date=14 May 2011|access-date=25 November 2020|publisher=Central Bureau of Statistics}}</ref>
!Subdivisions
!Subdivisions
|- bgcolor="lightblue"
|- bgcolor="lightblue"
| colspan="5" align=center|[[List of cities in North Korea|'''City''']]
| colspan="6" align=center|[[List of cities in North Korea|'''City''']]
|-
|-
|[[File:DPRK2006 Ryanggang-Hyesan.PNG|100px|center]]
|[[Hyesan]] (capital)
|[[Hyesan]] (capital)
|혜산시
|혜산시
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|25 ''dong'', 4 ''ri''
|25 ''dong'', 4 ''ri''
|-
|-
|[[File:DPRK2006 Ryanggang-Samjiyon.PNG|100px|center]]
|[[Samjiyon]]
|[[Samjiyon]]
|삼지연시
|삼지연시
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|10 ''dong'', 6 ''ri''
|10 ''dong'', 6 ''ri''
|- bgcolor="lightblue"
|- bgcolor="lightblue"
| colspan="5" align=center|[[List of second-level administrative divisions of North Korea|'''County''']]
| colspan="6" align=center|[[List of second-level administrative divisions of North Korea|'''County''']]
|-
|-
|[[File:DPRK2006 Ryanggang-Kapsan.PNG|100px|center]]
|[[Kapsan County]]
|[[Kapsan County]]
|갑산군
|갑산군
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|1 ''up'', 4 ''rodongjagu'', 20 ''ri''
|1 ''up'', 4 ''rodongjagu'', 20 ''ri''
|-
|-
|[[File:DPRK2006 Ryanggang-Kimhyonggwon.PNG|100px|center]]
|[[Kimhyonggwon County]]
|[[Kimhyonggwon County]]
|김형권군
|김형권군
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|1 ''up'', 1 ''rodongjagu'', 17 ''ri''
|1 ''up'', 1 ''rodongjagu'', 17 ''ri''
|-
|-
|[[File:DPRK2006 Ryanggang-Kimhyongjik.PNG|100px|center]]
|[[Kimhyongjik County]]
|[[Kimhyongjik County]]
|김형직군
|김형직군
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|1 ''up'', 6 ''rodongjagu'', 9 ''ri''
|1 ''up'', 6 ''rodongjagu'', 9 ''ri''
|-
|-
|[[File:DPRK2006 Ryanggang-Kimjongsuk.PNG|100px|center]]
|[[Kimjongsuk County]]
|[[Kimjongsuk County]]
|김정숙군
|김정숙군
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|1 ''up'', 2 ''rodongjagu'', 22 ''ri''
|1 ''up'', 2 ''rodongjagu'', 22 ''ri''
|-
|-
|[[File:DPRK2006 Ryanggang-Paegam.PNG|100px|center]]
|[[Paegam County]]
|[[Paegam County]]
|백암군
|백암군
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|1 ''up'', 19 ''rodongjagu'', 4 ''ri''
|1 ''up'', 19 ''rodongjagu'', 4 ''ri''
|-
|-
|[[File:DPRK2006 Ryanggang-Pochon.PNG|100px|center]]
|[[Pochon County]]
|[[Pochon County]]
|보천군
|보천군
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|1 ''up'', 2 ''rodongjagu'', 17 ''ri''
|1 ''up'', 2 ''rodongjagu'', 17 ''ri''
|-
|-
|[[File:DPRK2006 Ryanggang-Pungso.PNG|100px|center]]
|[[Pungso County]]
|[[Pungso County]]
|풍서군
|풍서군
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|1 ''up'', 3 ''rodongjagu'', 17 ''ri''
|1 ''up'', 3 ''rodongjagu'', 17 ''ri''
|-
|-
|[[File:DPRK2006 Ryanggang-Samsu.PNG|100px|center]]
|[[Samsu County]]
|[[Samsu County]]
|삼수군
|삼수군
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|1 ''up'', 1 ''rodongjagu'', 23 ''ri''
|1 ''up'', 1 ''rodongjagu'', 23 ''ri''
|-
|-
|[[File:DPRK2006 Ryanggang-Taehongdan.PNG|100px|center]]
|[[Taehongdan County]]
|[[Taehongdan County]]
|대홍단군
|대홍단군
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|1 ''up'', 9 ''rodongjagu''
|1 ''up'', 9 ''rodongjagu''
|-
|-
|[[File:DPRK2006 Ryanggang-Unhung.PNG|100px|center]]
|[[Unhung County]]
|[[Unhung County]]
|운흥군
|운흥군
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|1 ''up'', 10 ''rodongjagu'', 10 ''ri''
|1 ''up'', 10 ''rodongjagu'', 10 ''ri''
|}
|}

== See also ==
{{portal|North Korea}}
* [[List of Korea-related topics]]


==References==
==References==
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060109202822/http://nk.chosun.com/map/map.html?ACT=geo_01 행정 구역 현황 (''Haengjeong Guyeok Hyeonhwang)''] (in Korean only)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060109202822/http://nk.chosun.com/map/map.html?ACT=geo_01 행정 구역 현황 (''Haengjeong Guyeok Hyeonhwang)''] (in Korean only)


⚫
{{Regions and administrative divisions of North Korea}}
{{Geographic location
|Centre = Ryanggang
|North = {{flagdeco|China}} [[Jilin]], China
|Northeast =
|East = [[North Hamgyong]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[South Hamgyong]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Chagang]]
|Northwest =
}}

⚫
{{regions and administrative divisions of North Korea}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


Revision as of 00:24, 2 June 2024

Ryanggang Province
량강도
Province
Korean transcription(s)
 • Chosŏn'gŭl량강도
 • Hancha兩江道
 • McCune-ReischauerRyanggang-do
 • Revised RomanizationRyanggang-do
Location of Ryanggang Province
Coordinates: 41°24′0.0″N 128°10′59.9″E / 41.400000°N 128.183306°E / 41.400000; 128.183306
LandNorth Korea
RegionKwannam
CapitalHyesan
Subdivisions2 cities; 10 counties
Regierung
 • Party Committee ChairmanRi Sang-won[1] (WPK)
 • Provincial People's Committee ChairmanKim Chol Nam[2]
Area
 • Total14,317 km2 (5,528 sq mi)
Population
 (2008)
 • Total719,269
 • Density50/km2 (130/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+9 (Pyongyang Time)
DialectHamgyŏng

Ryanggang Province (Ryanggangdo; Korean: 량강도; MR: Ryanggang-do, Korean pronunciation: [ɾjaŋ.ɡaŋ.do]) is a province in North Korea. The province is bordered by China (Jilin) to the north, North Hamgyong to the east, South Hamgyong to the south, and Chagang to the west. Ryanggang was formed in 1954, when it was separated from South Hamgyŏng. The provincial capital is Hyesan. In South Korean usage, "Ryanggang" is spelled and pronounced as "Yanggang" Korean: 양강도; RR: Yanggang-do, Korean pronunciation: [jaŋ.ɡaŋ.do]).

Description

Along the northern border with China runs the Yalu River and the Tumen River. In between the rivers, and the source of both, is Paektu Mountain, revered by both the Koreans and Manchurians as the mythic origin of each people. The North Korean government claims that Kim Jong-il was born there when his parents were at a Communist anti-Japanese resistance camp at the mountain. The North Korean-Chinese border for 32 kilometres (20 mi) east of the mountain is "dry, remote and mountainous, barely patrolled," making it one of the crossing areas for refugees from North Korea into China, although most, including refugees from Ryanggang itself, prefer to cross over the Tumen River.[3]

Although all of North Korea is economically depressed after Soviet dissolution, Ryanggang province, along with neighboring North Hamgyong and South Hamgyong provinces, are the poorest, forming North Korea's "Rust Belt" of industrialized cities with factories now decrepit and failing. The worst hunger of the 1990s famine years occurred in these three provinces, and most refugees into China come from the Rust Belt region.[3]

Ryanggang explosion

Main article: Ryanggang explosion

An explosion and mushroom cloud was reportedly detected in Kimhyŏngjik-gun on 9 September 2004, the 56th anniversary of the creation of North Korea. This was reported a few days later on 12 September.

Power supply issues

In recent years, power supply problems have become prevalent in Ryanggang.[citation needed]

Administrative divisions

Ryanggang is divided into 2 cities (si) and 10 counties (kun). Each entity is listed below in English, Chosŏn'gŭl, and Hanja.

Image Name Chosongul Hanja Population
(2008)[4] 		Subdivisions
City
Hyesan (capital) 혜산시 惠山市 192,680 25 dong, 4 ri
Samjiyon 삼지연시 三池淵市 31,471 10 dong, 6 ri
County
Kapsan County 갑산군 甲山郡 70,611 1 up, 4 rodongjagu, 20 ri
Kimhyonggwon County 김형권군 金亨權郡 37,528 1 up, 1 rodongjagu, 17 ri
Kimhyongjik County 김형직군 金亨稷郡 57,729 1 up, 6 rodongjagu, 9 ri
Kimjongsuk County 김정숙군 金貞淑郡 42,618 1 up, 2 rodongjagu, 22 ri
Paegam County 백암군 白岩郡 67,683 1 up, 19 rodongjagu, 4 ri
Pochon County 보천군 普天郡 37,225 1 up, 2 rodongjagu, 17 ri
Pungso County 풍서군 豊西郡 44,112 1 up, 3 rodongjagu, 17 ri
Samsu County 삼수군 三水郡 40,311 1 up, 1 rodongjagu, 23 ri
Taehongdan County 대홍단군 大紅湍郡 35,596 1 up, 9 rodongjagu
Unhung County 운흥군 雲興郡 61,705 1 up, 10 rodongjagu, 10 ri

References

  1. ^ "Organizational Chart of North Korean Leadership" (PDF). Seoul: Political and Military Analysis Division, Intelligence and Analysis Bureau; Ministry of Unification. January 2018. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
  2. ^ "KCNA | Article | Respected Comrade Kim Jong Un Sends Efficient Tractors to Cities and Counties of Ryanggang Province". Korean Central News Agency. Retrieved 2024-06-01.
  3. ^ a b Onishi, Norimitsu (22 October 2006). "Tension, Desperation: The China-North Korean Border". New York Times. The information cited in this footnote comes from the captions to the large illustrated map published with the newspaper article and available online with it.
  4. ^ "DPR Korea 2008 Population Census: National Report" (PDF). Central Bureau of Statistics. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
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