Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria: Difference between revisions

Ferdinand Maria
Ferdinand Maria
	Portrait by Paul Mignard
Elector of Bavaria
Reign	27 September 1651 – 26 May 1679
Predecessor	Maximilian I
Successor	Maximilian II Emanuel
Born	31 October 1636; Schleissheim Palace, Electorate of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire
Died	26 May 1679 (aged 42); Schleissheim Palace, Electorate of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire
Burial	June 1679; Theatiner Church, Bavaria
Spouse	Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy (m. 1650; died 1676)
Issue	Maria Anna Victoria, Dauphine of France; Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria; Joseph Clemens, Archbishop of Cologne; Violante Beatrice, Grand Princess of Tuscany;
House	Wittelsbach
Father	Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria
Mother	Maria Anna of Austria
Religion	Roman Catholicism
Signature

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Ferdinand Maria (31 October 1636 – 26 May 1679) was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 1651 to 1679. The Elector modernized the army and introduced Bavaria's first government code. Besides encouraging agriculture and industry, he also improved building and restoration works on churches and monasteries since the damage caused during the Thirty Years' War.

Electoral Prince of Bavaria

He was born in Munich. He was the eldest son of Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria (whom he succeeded), and his second wife, Maria Anna of Austria, daughter of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor.

Born during the reign of his father, he was known as the Electoral Prince from birth. Through his mother, he was a first cousin of Queen Mariana of Spain as well as Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor.

On 8 December 1650, he married Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy, daughter of Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy and Christine Marie of France. The couple had seven children, only two of whom would have offspring.

Elector

Still a minor when he succeeded his father in 1651, his mother became his guardian and his uncle, Albert VI of Bavaria served as Prince Regent of Bavaria for three years.

Ferdinand Maria was crowned on 31 October 1654. His absolutistic style of leadership became a benchmark for the rest of Germany. Though Ferdinand Maria was allied with France, he made no attempt to oppose the Habsburg candidate at the 1658 imperial election after the death of his uncle Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor to avoid conflict. Ferdinand Maria supported the Habsburgs in the Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664) against the Ottoman Empire, providing Bavarian contingents for the Army of the Holy Roman Empire. Under his leadership, Bavaria was officially neutral during the Franco-Dutch War (1672–1678). Plans for a Bavarian colony near New York were discussed but soon abandoned.

The marriage of his eldest daughter Maria Anna Victoria and her cousin le Grand Dauphin in 1680 was the outcome of the Bavarian alliance with France. Ferdinand Maria was the great grandfather of the future French monarch Louis XV.

Ferdinand Maria modernized the Bavarian Army and introduced the first Bavarian local government code. The Elector did much indeed to repair the wounds caused by the Thirty Years' War, encouraging agriculture and industries, and building or restoring numerous churches and monasteries. In 1669, moreover, he again called a meeting of the diet, which had been suspended since 1612. At the end of his reign he left the electorate with a very wealthy treasury.

He died at the Old Schleissheim Palace and was succeeded by his son Maximilian II Emanuel. He was buried in the crypt of the Theatine Church, Munich.

Cultural legacy

Ferdinand Maria married Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy in 1650; and with her, the Italian Baroque was introduced in Bavaria.

The Theatine Church, Munich was built from 1663 onwards as a gesture of thanks for the birth of the long-awaited heir to the Bavarian crown, Prince Maximilian II Emanuel. After that in 1664, Ferdinand Maria and his wife commissioned the building of the Baroque style Nymphenburg Palace near Munich based on the designs of Italian architect Agostino Barelli.

Lake Starnberg was purchased by Ferdinand Maria from the Horwarth family and it became the venue of numerous festivities of the court with the famous fleet of Venetian Gondolas. On the lake's shores, he ordered the construction of Berg Castle in 1676.

The castle was used for festivities there and later reached its zenith when it became the scene of spectacular entertainments and hunts under the rule of his successors, Maximilian Emanuel and Emperor Charles VII. For the Munich Residenz, Ferdinand Maria ordered the creation of the Papal Rooms.

Issue

Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria (28 November 1660 – 20 April 1690) married Louis, Dauphin of France, and had issue.
Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (11 July 1662 – 26 February 1726); married Maria Antonia of Austria and had issue; married Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska and had issue.
Luise Margarete Antonie of Bavaria (18 September 1663 – 10 November 1665) died in infancy.
Ludwig Amadeus Victor of Bavaria (6 April 1665 – 11 December 1665) died in infancy.
Stillborn son (4 August 1666).
Kajetan Maria Franz of Bavaria (2 May 1670 – 7 December 1670) died in infancy.
Joseph Clemens of Bavaria (5 December 1671 – 12 November 1723) Elector and Archbishop of Cologne died unmarried.
Violante Beatrix of Bavaria (3 April 1673 – 3 June 1731) married Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany and died childless.

In addition, the Electress suffered three miscarriages: in June 1661, March 1664 and 1674.

Ancestors

Ancestors of Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria

8. Albert V, Duke of Bavaria

4. William V, Duke of Bavaria

9. Archduchess Anna of Austria

2. Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria

10. Francis I, Duke of Lorraine

5. Princess Renata of Lorraine

11. Princess Christina of Denmark

1. Ferdinand Maria of Bavaria

12. Charles II, Archduke of Austria

6. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor

13. Maria Anna of Bavaria (1551–1608)

3. Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria

14. William V, Duke of Bavaria =4

7. Maria Anna of Bavaria (1574–1616)

15. Princess Renata of Lorraine =5

References

Regnal titles
Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria House of Wittelsbach Born: 31 October 1636 Died: 26 May 1679
Preceded by Maximilian I	Elector of Bavaria 1651–1679	Succeeded by Maximilian II Emanuel

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Elector of Bavaria from 1651 to 1679}}{{Sources|date=December 2022}}{{Infobox royalty
-{{Infobox royalty|elector
 | name   =Ferdinand Maria
 | succession =[[Rulers of Bavaria|Elector of Bavaria]]
@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 | predecessor = [[Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria|Maximilian I]]
 | image = Ferdinand Maria of Bavaria.jpg
-| image_size  = 200
+| image_size  =
+| caption =Portrait by [[Paul Mignard]]
-| full name = Ferdinand Maria
-| caption =Ferdinand Maria by [[Paul Mignard]]
 | birth_date = {{Birth date|1636|10|31|df=y}}
-| birth_place = [[Schleissheim Palace]], [[Electorate of Bavaria|Bavaria]]
+| birth_place = [[Schleissheim Palace]], [[Electorate of Bavaria]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
 | death_date = {{death date and age|1679|5|26|1636|10|31|df=y}}
-| death_place =Schleissheim Palace, Bavaria
+| death_place =Schleissheim Palace, Electorate of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire
-| spouse = [[Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy|Henriette Adelaide of Savoy]]
+| spouse = {{marriage|[[Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy]]|1650|1676|end=d}}
+| issue = {{Plainlist|
-| issue = [[Duchess Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria|Maria Anna Victoria, Dauphine of France]]<br/> [[Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria]]<br/>[[Joseph Clemens of Bavaria|Joseph Clemens, Archbishop of Cologne]]<br/> [[Duchess Violante Beatrice of Bavaria|Violante Beatrice, Grand Princess of Tuscany]]
+* [[Duchess Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria|Maria Anna Victoria, Dauphine of France]]
-| house = [[House of Wittelsbach]]
+* [[Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria]]
+* [[Joseph Clemens of Bavaria|Joseph Clemens, Archbishop of Cologne]]
+* [[Duchess Violante Beatrice of Bavaria|Violante Beatrice, Grand Princess of Tuscany]]
+}}
+| house = [[House of Wittelsbach|Wittelsbach]]
 | father =[[Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria]]
 | mother = [[Maria Anna of Austria (1610-1665)|Maria Anna of Austria]]
-| date of burial = June 1679
+| burial_date = June 1679
-| place of burial = [[Theatinerkirche (München)|Theatiner Church]], Bavaria
+| burial_place = [[Theatinerkirche (München)|Theatiner Church]], Bavaria
 | religion = [[Roman Catholicism]]
+| signature = Signature of Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria.svg
 }}
+'''Ferdinand Maria''' (31 October 1636 – 26 May 1679) was a [[Wittelsbach]] ruler of [[Electorate of Bavaria|Bavaria]] and a [[prince-elector]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] from 1651 to 1679. The Elector modernized the army and introduced Bavaria's first government code. Besides encouraging agriculture and industry, he also improved building and restoration works on churches and monasteries since the damage caused during the [[Thirty Years' War]].
-'''Ferdinand Maria''' (31 October 1636 – 26 May 1679) was a [[Wittelsbach]] ruler of [[Electorate of Bavaria|Bavaria]] and an elector (''[[prince-elector|Kurfürst]]'') of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] from 1651 to 1679.
 ==Electoral Prince of Bavaria==
+He was born in [[Munich]]. He was the eldest son of [[Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria]] (whom he succeeded), and his second wife, [[Maria Anna of Austria (1610-1665)|Maria Anna of Austria]], daughter of [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor]].
-[[File:Anselmus-van-Hulle-Hommes-illustres MG 0441.tif|thumb|Engraving of Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria]]
-He was born in [[Munich]]. He was the eldest son of [[Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria]] - whom he succeeded, and his second wife [[Maria Anna of Austria (1610-1665)|Maria Anna of Austria]], daughter of the emperor [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor]]. Born during the reign of his father, he was known as the Electoral Prince from birth. Through his mother, he was a first cousin of [[Mariana of Austria|Queen Mariana of Spain]] as well as the [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor]].
+Born during the reign of his father, he was known as the Electoral Prince from birth. Through his mother, he was a first cousin of Queen [[Mariana of Austria|Mariana of Spain]] as well as [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor]].
-On 8 December 1650 he married [[Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy|Henriette Adelaide of Savoy]], daughter of [[Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy]] and [[Christine Marie of France]]. The couple had seven children, two of which would have progeny.
+On 8 December 1650, he married [[Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy]], daughter of [[Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy]] and [[Christine Marie of France]]. The couple had seven children, only two of whom would have offspring.
-==Elector==
+==Elector==
-Still a minor he succeeded his father in 1651, his mother was his guardian and his uncle [[Albert VI of Bavaria]] served as Prince Administrator of Bavaria for three years.
+Still a minor when he succeeded his father in 1651, his mother became his guardian and his uncle, [[Albert VI of Bavaria]] served as Prince [[Regent]] of Bavaria for three years.
-Ferdinand Maria was crowned on 31 October 1654. His [[Political absolutism|absolutistic]] style of leadership became a benchmark for the rest of [[Germany]]. Though Ferdinand Maria allied with France he abstained the imperial crown in 1657 after the death of his uncle [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor]] to avoid a conflict with the House of [[Habsburg]]. Ferdinand Maria supported the wars of the Habsburg against the [[Ottoman Empire]] with Bavarian auxiliary forces (1662–1664). During the [[Franco-Dutch War]] since 1672 Bavaria was officially neutral. Plans for a Bavarian colony near [[New York (state)|New York]] were discussed but soon abandoned.
+Ferdinand Maria was crowned on 31 October 1654. His [[Absolutism (European history)|absolutistic]] style of leadership became a benchmark for the rest of [[Germany]]. Though Ferdinand Maria was allied with [[Kingdom of France|France]], he made no attempt to oppose the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg candidate]] at the [[1658 imperial election]] after the death of his uncle [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor]] to avoid conflict. Ferdinand Maria supported the Habsburgs in the [[Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664)]] against the [[Ottoman Empire]], providing Bavarian contingents for the [[Army of the Holy Roman Empire]]. Under his leadership, Bavaria was officially neutral during the [[Franco-Dutch War]] (1672–1678). Plans for a Bavarian colony near [[New York (state)|New York]] were discussed but soon abandoned.
-The marriage of his eldest daughter [[Duchess Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria|Maria Anna Victoria]] and her cousin ''[[Louis, Dauphin of France (1661–1711)|le Grand Dauphin]]'' in 1680 was the outcome of the Bavarian alliance with France. Ferdinand Maria was the great grandfather of French monarch [[Louis XV of France|King Louis XV]].
+The marriage of his eldest daughter [[Duchess Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria|Maria Anna Victoria]] and her cousin ''[[Louis, Dauphin of France (1661–1711)|le Grand Dauphin]]'' in 1680 was the outcome of the Bavarian alliance with France. Ferdinand Maria was the great grandfather of the future French monarch [[Louis XV]].
-Ferdinand Maria modernized the Bavarian army and introduced the first Bavarian local government code. The elector did much indeed to repair the wounds caused by the [[Thirty Years' War]], encouraging agriculture and industries, and building or restoring numerous churches and monasteries. In 1669, moreover, he again called a meeting of the [[Landstände|diet]], which had been suspended since 1612. The electorate he left with a very wealthy treasury.
+Ferdinand Maria modernized the [[Bavarian Army]] and introduced the first Bavarian local government code. The Elector did much indeed to repair the wounds caused by the [[Thirty Years' War]], encouraging agriculture and industries, and building or restoring numerous churches and monasteries. In 1669, moreover, he again called a meeting of the [[Landstände|diet]], which had been suspended since 1612. At the end of his reign he left the electorate with a very wealthy treasury.
-He died at [[Schleissheim Palace]] and was succeeded by his son [[Maximilian II Emanuel, elector of Bavaria|Maximilian II Emanuel]].
+He died at the [[Schleissheim Palace#Old Schleissheim Palace|Old Schleissheim Palace]] and was succeeded by his son [[Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria|Maximilian II Emanuel]]. He was buried in the crypt of the [[Theatine Church, Munich]].
-He is buried in the crypt of the Theatiner Church in Munich.
 ==Cultural legacy==
-[[Image:Wening Schloss Starnberg.png|thumb|left|320px|Copperplate engraving by [[Michael Wening]] ''Starnberg Castle with Ferdinand Maria's gondola Bucentaurus'' in Topographia Bavariae about 1700]]
+[[Image:Wening Schloss Starnberg.png|thumb|left|320px|Copperplate engraving by [[Michael Wening]]. ''Starnberg Castle with Ferdinand Maria's gondola Bucentaurus'' in ''Topographia Bavariae'' about 1700]]
-Ferdinand Maria married Princess [[Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy|Henriette Adelaide of Savoy]] in 1650; and with her, the [[Italian Baroque]] was introduced in Bavaria.
+Ferdinand Maria married [[Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy]] in 1650; and with her, the [[Italian Baroque]] was introduced in Bavaria.
-The [[Theatinerkirche (München)|Theatiner Church]] in Munich was built from 1663 onwards as a gesture of thanks for the birth of the long-awaited heir to the Bavarian crown, Prince Maximilian II Emanuel. After that in 1664, Ferdinand Maria and his wife commissioned the building of [[Nymphenburg Palace]] near Munich based on the designs of Italian architect [[Agostino Barelli]]. [[Lake Starnberg]] was purchased by Ferdinand Maria from the Horwarth family and it became the venue of numerous festivities of the court with the famous fleet of Venetian Gondolas. On the lake's shores, he ordered the construction of [[Berg Castle (Bavaria)|Berg Castle]] in 1676. The castle was used for festivities there and later reached its zenith when it became the scene of spectacular entertainments and hunts under the rule of his successors, Maximilian Emanuel and [[Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Charles VII]]. For the [[Munich Residenz]], Ferdinand Maria ordered the creation of the Papal Rooms.
+The [[Theatine Church, Munich]] was built from 1663 onwards as a gesture of thanks for the birth of the long-awaited heir to the Bavarian crown, Prince Maximilian II Emanuel. After that in 1664, Ferdinand Maria and his wife commissioned the building of the [[Baroque style]] [[Nymphenburg Palace]] near Munich based on the designs of Italian architect [[Agostino Barelli]].
+[[Lake Starnberg]] was purchased by Ferdinand Maria from the Horwarth family and it became the venue of numerous festivities of the court with the famous fleet of Venetian Gondolas. On the lake's shores, he ordered the construction of [[Berg Castle (Bavaria)|Berg Castle]] in 1676.
-==Issue==
+The castle was used for festivities there and later reached its zenith when it became the scene of spectacular entertainments and hunts under the rule of his successors, Maximilian Emanuel and Emperor [[Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VII]]. For the [[Munich Residenz]], Ferdinand Maria ordered the creation of the Papal Rooms.
+==Issue==
+[[File:Anselmus-van-Hulle-Hommes-illustres MG 0441.tif|thumb|Engraving of Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria|241x241px]]
 * [[Duchess Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria|Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria]] (28 November 1660 – 20 April 1690) married [[Louis, Grand Dauphin|Louis, Dauphin of France]], and had issue.
 * [[Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria]] (11 July 1662 – 26 February 1726); married [[Maria Antonia of Austria]] and had issue; married [[Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska]] and had issue.
@@ Line 61: / Line 68: @@
 * [[Duchess Violante Beatrice of Bavaria|Violante Beatrix of Bavaria]] (3 April 1673 – 3 June 1731) married [[Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany|Ferdinando de' Medici]], [[Grand Prince of Tuscany]] and died childless.
-In addition, the Electress suffered three miscarriages: in June 1661, March 1664 and 1674.<ref>{{cite web |last=Marek |first=Miroslav |url=http://genealogy.euweb.cz/wittel/wittel11.html#FM |title= Complete Genealogy of the House of Wittelsbach |publisher= Genealogy.EU}}{{Self-published source|date=August 2012}}{{Better source|date=August 2012}}</ref>
+In addition, the Electress suffered three miscarriages: in June 1661, March 1664 and 1674.
 ==Ancestors==
+{{ahnentafel
-{{unreferenced section|date=August 2012}}
+|collapsed=yes |align=center
-{{ahnentafel top|width=100%}}
-{{ahnentafel-compact5
-|style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%;
-|border=1
-|boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;
 |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
 |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
 |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
 |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
-|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
 |1= 1. '''Ferdinand Maria of Bavaria'''
 |2= 2. [[Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria]]
@@ Line 90: / Line 92: @@
 |14= 14. William V, Duke of Bavaria =4
 |15= 15. Princess Renata of Lorraine =5
+}}
-|16= 16. [[William IV, Duke of Bavaria]]
-|17= 17. [[Marie of Baden-Sponheim]]
-|18= 18. [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor]]
-|19= 19. [[Anna of Bohemia and Hungary]]
-|20= 20. [[Antoine, Duke of Lorraine]]
-|21= 21. [[Renée of Bourbon]]
-|22= 22. [[Christian II of Denmark]]
-|23= 23. [[Isabella of Austria|Archduchess Isabella of Austria]]
-|24= 24. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor =18
-|25= 25. Anna of Bohemia and Hungary =19
-|26= 26. Albert V, Duke of Bavaria =8, 28
-|27= 27. Archduchess Anna of Austria =9, 29
-|28= 28. Albert V, Duke of Bavaria =8, 26
-|29= 29. Archduchess Anna of Austria =9, 27
-|30= 30. Francis I, Duke of Lorraine =10
-|31= 31. Princess Christina of Denmark =11
-}}</center>
-{{ahnentafel bottom}}
 ==References==
+{{commons category|Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria}}
 {{Reflist|2}}
-==External links==
-{{commons category|Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria}}
-==Succession==
 {{s-start}}
@@ Line 123: / Line 103: @@
 {{succession box|title=[[Elector of Bavaria]]|before=[[Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria|Maximilian I]]|after=[[Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria|Maximilian II Emanuel]]|years=1651–1679}}
 {{s-end}}
 {{Electors of Bavaria}}
 {{Authority control}}
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Ferdinand Maria, Elector Of Bavaria}}
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Bavaria, Ferdinand Maria, Elector of}}
 [[Category:1636 births]]
 [[Category:1679 deaths]]
-[[Category:People from Munich]]
+[[Category:17th-century prince-electors of Bavaria]]
-[[Category:Roman Catholic monarchs]]
+[[Category:Nobility from Munich]]
-[[Category:Dukes of Bavaria]]
+[[Category:German Roman Catholics]]
 [[Category:House of Wittelsbach]]
-[[Category:Modern child rulers]]
+[[Category:Child monarchs]]
 [[Category:Burials at the Theatine Church, Munich]]
 [[Category:Imperial vicars]]
-[[Category:Electors of Bavaria]]
-[[Category:Electoral Princes of Bavaria]]

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