Polish–Lithuanian union: Difference between revisions

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The Polish–Lithuanian union was a relationship created by a series of acts and alliances between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania that lasted for prolonged periods of time from 1385 and led to the creation of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, or the "Republic of the Two Nations", in 1569 and eventually to the creation of a unitary state in 1791.^[1]

History

Important historical events included:

1385 – Union of Krewo, a personal union that brought the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Jogaila, to the Polish throne as a result of his marriage to Jadwiga of Poland in February 1386
1401 – Union of Vilnius and Radom, which strengthened the Polish–Lithuanian union^[2]
1413 – Union of Horodło, a treaty requiring Polish and Lithuanian noblemen to organize congresses to resolve issues of common interest.^[3] Essentially a heraldic union, the treaty granted many szlachta rights to Lithuanian nobility.
1432 (1432–34) – Union of Grodno, a declarative attempt to renew a closer union
1499 – Union of Kraków and Vilnius in which the personal union became a dynastic union and recognised the sovereignty of Lithuania and described relations between the two states
1501 – Union of Mielnik, a renewal of the personal union
July 1, 1569 – Union of Lublin, a real union that resulted in creation of the semi-federal, semi-confederal Republic of the Two Nations (Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth)
May 3, 1791 – Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791: abolished the elective monarchy and turned it into a hereditary monarchy and established a common state, the Rzeczpospolita Polska (Polish Commonwealth), in its place. The Reciprocal Guarantee of Two Nations modified the changes by stressing the continuity of binational status of the state. The changes were reversed completely in 1792 under pressure from the Russian Empire.

Notes

^ Catholic Encyclopedia - Poland
^ Sedlar, Jean W. (1994). East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500. History of East Central Europe. Vol. 3. University of Washington Press. p. 388. ISBN 0-295-97290-4.
^ Andrzej Chwalba; Krzysztof Zamorski, eds. (2020). The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: History, Memory, Legacy. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781000203998.

References

(in Polish) Anna Pasterak, Unie polsko-litewskie, Pedagogical University of Cracow, 2004
Central European Superpower, Henryk Litwin, BUM Magazine, October 2016

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[Catholic_Encyclopedia-1] Catholic Encyclopedia - Poland

[jean-2] Sedlar, Jean W. (1994). East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500. History of East Central Europe. Vol. 3. University of Washington Press. p. 388. ISBN 0-295-97290-4.

[3] Andrzej Chwalba; Krzysztof Zamorski, eds. (2020). The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: History, Memory, Legacy. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781000203998.

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Former union of European states}}
-[[Image:Unia w Krewie.JPG|thumb|Painting commemorating Polish–Lithuanian union; ca. 1861. The [[motto]] reads "Eternal union".]]
+{{Use American English|date = January 2019}}
-The term '''Polish–Lithuanian Union''' sometimes called as '''United Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania''' refers to a series of acts and alliances between the [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Kingdom of Poland]] and the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] that lasted for prolonged periods of time and led to the creation of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]—the "Republic of the Two Nations"—in 1569 and eventually to the creation of a short-lived unitary state in 1791.<ref name="Catholic Encyclopedia">[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12181a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia - Poland]</ref>
+{{Use mdy dates|date = January 2019}}
+[[File:Unia w Krewie.JPG|thumb|Painting commemorating Polish–Lithuanian union; ca. 1861. The [[motto]] reads "Eternal union".]]
+The '''Polish–Lithuanian union''' was a relationship created by a series of acts and alliances between the [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland]] and the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] that lasted for prolonged periods of time from 1385 and led to the creation of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], or the "Republic of the Two Nations", in 1569 and eventually to the creation of a unitary state in 1791.<ref name="Catholic Encyclopedia">[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12181a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia - Poland]</ref>
+== History ==
-The most important acts in the process of union were:
+Important historical events included:
+* 1385 – [[Union of Krewo]], a [[personal union]] that brought the [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]], [[Jogaila]], to the [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Polish]] throne as a result of his marriage to [[Jadwiga of Poland]] in February 1386
+* 1401 – [[Union of Vilnius and Radom]], which strengthened the Polish–Lithuanian union<ref name=jean>{{cite book| title= East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500 |page= 388 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ANdbpi1WAIQC&pg=PA388 |publisher= University of Washington Press |year= 1994 |volume=3 |series= History of East Central Europe |first= Jean W. |last= Sedlar |isbn= 0-295-97290-4}}</ref>
+* 1413 – [[Union of Horodło]], a [[treaty]] requiring Polish and Lithuanian [[noblemen]] to organize [[congress]]es to resolve issues of common interest.<ref>{{Cite book|title= The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: History, Memory, Legacy | editor1= Andrzej Chwalba | editor2= Krzysztof Zamorski  |publisher=  Taylor & Francis |year=2020 |isbn=9781000203998 | pages=}}</ref> Essentially a [[heraldic]] union, the treaty granted many [[szlachta]] rights to [[Lithuanian nobility]].
+* 1432 (1432–34) – [[Union of Grodno (1432)|Union of Grodno]], a declarative attempt to renew a closer union
+* 1499 – [[Union of Kraków and Vilnius]] in which the personal union became a [[dynastic union]] and recognised the sovereignty of Lithuania and described relations between the two states
+* 1501 – [[Union of Mielnik]], a renewal of the personal union
+* July 1, 1569 – [[Union of Lublin]], a [[real union]] that resulted in creation of the semi-[[federation|federal]], semi-[[confederation|confederal]] [[Republic of the Two Nations|Republic of the Two Nations (Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth)]]
+* May 3, 1791 – [[Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791]]: abolished the [[royal elections in Poland|elective monarchy]] and turned it into a [[hereditary monarchy]] and established a common state, the ''[[Rzeczpospolita]] Polska'' (Polish Commonwealth), in its place. The [[Reciprocal Guarantee of Two Nations]] modified the changes by stressing the continuity of binational status of the state. The changes were reversed completely in 1792 under pressure from the [[Russian Empire]].
+==See also==
-* 1385 – [[Union of Krewo]] — a [[personal union]] that brought [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]] [[Jogaila]] to [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Polish]] throne;
+* [[Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth]]
-* 1401 – [[Union of Vilnius and Radom]] - strengthened the Polish-Lithuanian union;<ref name=jean>{{cite book| title=East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500 |page=388 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ANdbpi1WAIQC&pg=PA388&sig=ACfU3U3LdKwwAHdnCsWS3BEOu5h81f_KVg |publisher=University of Washington Press |year=1994 |volume=3 |series=History of East Central Europe |first=Jean W. |last=Sedlar |isbn=0-295-97290-4}}</ref>
+* [[Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite Commonwealth]]
-* 1413 – [[Union of Horodło]] - heraldic union, that granted many [[szlachta]] rights to [[Lithuanian nobility]];
+* [[Union of Kėdainiai]]
-* 1432 (1432–34) – [[Union of Grodno (1432)|Union of Grodno]] a declarative attempt to renew closer union;
+* [[Polish–Swedish union]]
-* 1499 – [[Union of Kraków and Vilnius]] [[personal union]] turns to [[dynastic union]], recognises sovereignty of Lithuania and describes interaction between the two states;
-* 1501 – [[Union of Mielnik]] - [[personal union]] renewed;
-* July 1, 1569 – [[Union of Lublin]] — a [[real union]] that resulted in creation of the semi-[[federation|federal]], semi-[[confederation|confederal]] [[Republic of the Two Nations|Republic of the Two Nations (Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth)]]; and
-* May 3, 1791 – [[Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791]]:  the [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Kingdom of Poland]] and the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] were abolished, and a common state was created in their place. The changes were modified with the [[Reciprocal Guarantee of Two Nations]] that stressed the continuity of bi-national status of the state, and were reversed completely in 1792 under pressure of [[Russian Empire]] forces.
-== References ==
-*{{pl icon}} Anna Pasterak, [http://www.wsp.krakow.pl/kbin/bss/hpol/unie.html Unie polsko-litewskie], [[Pedagogical University of Cracow]], 2004
 ==Notes==
 {{reflist|2}}
-== See also ==
+==References==
+* {{in lang|pl}} Anna Pasterak, [http://www.wsp.krakow.pl/kbin/bss/hpol/unie.html Unie polsko-litewskie], [[Pedagogical University of Cracow]], 2004
+*[https://www.msz.gov.pl/resource/49da65c5-9917-40de-b542-5c89751cacf6:JCR ''Central European Superpower''], Henryk Litwin, ''BUM Magazine'', October 2016
-* [[Lithuanian-Swedish union|Lithuanian–Swedish union]]
-* [[Polish-Swedish union|Polish–Swedish union]]
-* [[Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth]]
-* [[Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite Commonwealth]]
 {{Polish-Lithuanian Union}}
+{{Authority control}}
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Polish-Lithuanian union}}
 [[Category:Polish–Lithuanian union| ]]
+[[Category:History of Lithuania (1219–1569)|.]]
+[[Category:Early modern history of Lithuania]]
+[[Category:History of Poland during the Jagiellonian dynasty| ]]
+[[Category:Political history of Lithuania]]
+[[Category:Political history of Poland]]
+[[Category:National unifications]]
+[[Category:States and territories established in 1385]]
+[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1569]]
+[[Category:14th century in Lithuania|.]]
+[[Category:15th century in Lithuania|.]]
+[[Category:16th century in Lithuania|.]]
+[[Category:14th century in Poland|.]]
+[[Category:15th century in Poland|.]]
+[[Category:16th century in Poland|.]]
+[[Category:Lithuania–Poland relations]]
+[[Category:1385 establishments in Europe]]
+[[Category:1569 disestablishments in Europe]]
+{{-}}
-{{Euro-law-stub}}
 {{Lithuania-hist-stub}}
 {{Poland-hist-stub}}
-{{Belarus-history-stub}}
-{{Ukraine-history-stub}}
-[[an:Unión Polaco-Lituana]]
-[[be:Польска-літоўскія уніі]]
-[[be-x-old:Польска-літоўскія уніі]]
-[[ca:Unió de Polònia-Lituània]]
-[[cs:Polsko-litevská unie]]
-[[de:Polnisch-Litauische Union]]
-[[eo:Pola-Litova Unio]]
-[[fr:Union de Pologne-Lituanie]]
-[[gl:Unión polacolituana]]
-[[it:Unione Polacco-Lituana]]
-[[hu:Lengyel–Litván Unió]]
-[[ja:ポーランド・リトアニア合同]]
-[[nn:Polsk-litauisk union]]
-[[pl:Unia polsko-litewska]]
-[[pt:União polaco-lituana]]
-[[ru:Польско-литовские унии]]
-[[simple:Polish-Lithuanian Union]]
-[[sr:Пољско-литванска унија]]
-[[th:สหราชอาณาจักรโปแลนด์-ลิทัวเนีย]]
-[[uk:Польсько-литовська унія]]

v t e Acts of the Polish–Lithuanian union (1385–1569)
Krewo (1385) Vilnius and Radom (1401) Horodło (1413) Grodno (1432) Kraków and Vilna (1499) Mielnik (1501) Lublin (1569)
See also: 3 May 1791 Constitution (Reciprocal Guarantee of Two Nations)