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{{redirect|Phillauri|the town of Phillaur|Phillaur|the 2017 film|Phillauri (film)}}
{{redirect|Phillauri|the town of Phillaur|Phillaur|the 2017 film|Phillauri (film)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox writer
{{Hinduism}}
| honorific_prefix = [[Pandit]]
'''Shardha Ram Phillauri''' (in Punjabi ਸ਼ਰਧਾ ਰਾਮ ਫਿਲੌਰੀ/شردھا رام فلوری
| name = Shardha Ram
⚫
(September 1837<ref name="ReferenceA">Singh Bedi, Harmohinder. ''Shardha Ram Granthawali''. Nirmal Publisher. (A three-volume work by the dean and head of the [[Guru Nanak Dev University]] Hindi Department.)</ref>&nbsp;– 24 June 1881) was a [[Hindu]] [[missionary]], [[social reform]]er, and writer, best remembered for his contributions to [[Hindi literature|Hindi]] and [[Punjabi literature]]. He has been called the "father of modern Punjabi prose."<ref name="cradle"/>
| honorific_suffix = Phillauri
| citizenship =
| influenced =
| influences =
| relatives =
| children =
| partner =
| spouse =
| notableworks = {{ubl
|[[Om Jai Jagdish Hare]]
|''[[Bhagyawati]]''
|''Sikhan De Raj Di Vithia''
|''Punjabi Batcheet''
|''Satya Dharm Muktavli''
|''Shatopadesh''
|''Satyamrit Pravaha''
}}
| movement =
| subject =
| genre =
| nationality =
| image =
| occupation = [[Writer]], [[poet]], [[social Reformer]]
| death_place = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1881|06||1837|09|}}
| birth_place = [[Phillaur]], [[Dallewalia Misl]], [[Sikh Empire]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1837|09|}}
| birth_name = Shardha Ram
| pseudonym =
| caption = [[Artist's impression]] of Shardha Ram Phillauri
| alt =
| imagesize =
| language = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Hindi]], [[Sanskrit]]
}}
⚫
'''Shardha Ram Phillauri''' ({{IPA-pa|Śaradhā rāma philaurī}} ; September 1837<ref name="ReferenceA">[[Harmohinder Singh Bedi|Singh Bedi, Harmohinder]]. ''Shardha Ram Granthawali''. Nirmal Publisher. (A three-volume work by the dean and head of the [[Guru Nanak Dev University]] Hindi Department.)</ref>&nbsp;– 24 June 1881) was an Indian writer, poet and [[social reform]]er who is remembered for his contributions to [[Hindi literature|Hindi]] and [[Punjabi literature]]. He is best known for his Hindu religious hymn [[Om Jai Jagdish Hare]] and ''[[Bhagyawati]]'', one of the first novels in Hindi. Phillauri has also been called the "father of modern Punjabi prose."<ref name="cradle"/> Born in [[Phillaur]], he visited cities across Punjab and died in [[Lahore]] in 1881.<ref name="cradle"/>


==Biography==
==Biography==
Shardha Ram was born in 1837 to a [[Brahmin]] family in the town of [[Phillaur]], [[Jalandhar]].<ref name="cradle">Walia, Varinda. [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050317/aplus.htm#1 "Hindi novel’s first cradle."] ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'' (17 March 2005).</ref><ref name="creator">Maitray, Mohan. [http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98sep27/sunday/head6.htm "The creator of Om Jai Jagdish Hare."] ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'' (27 September 1998).</ref> His father, Jai Dyalu, was an astrologer.<ref name="cradle"/> He did not have any formal education as such.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> At the age of seven, he learned [[Gurmukhi]] script.<ref name="cradle"/> By age ten, he had studied [[Hindi]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Persian language|Persian]], astrology, and music.<ref name="cradle"/> Later, he was also a [[missionary]] of traditional Hinduism ([[Sanatana dharma]]).<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/><ref>http://www.faithandthearts.com/images/9_20070612201926.pdf</ref>
Shardha Ram was born in 1837 to a [[Punjabi Hindu]] [[Brahmin]] family in the town of [[Phillaur]] in the [[Sikh Empire]] under the reign of [[Ranjit Singh]].<ref name="cradle">Walia, Varinda. [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050317/aplus.htm#1 "Hindi novel’s first cradle."] ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'' (17 March 2005).</ref><ref name="creator">Maitray, Mohan. [http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98sep27/sunday/head6.htm "The creator of Om Jai Jagdish Hare."] ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'' (27 September 1998).</ref> His father, Jai Dyalu, was an [[astrologer]]. Their gotra was Moudgil.<ref name="cradle" /> He did not have any formal education as such.<ref name="cradle" /> By age ten, he had studied [[Hindi]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Persian language|Persian]], astrology, and music.<ref name="cradle" /> Later, he was also a [[missionary]] of traditional Hinduism ([[Sanatana dharma]]).<ref name="cradle" /><ref name="creator" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.faithandthearts.com/images/9_20070612201926.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=13 July 2007 |archive-date=29 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929130409/http://www.faithandthearts.com/images/9_20070612201926.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>


In his books, Shardha Ram documented Punjabi culture and language.<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/>
In his books, Shardha Ram documented Punjabi culture and language.<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/>


Shardha Ram gave forceful lectures on the [[Mahabharata]], and because of this was charged with conducting [[propaganda]] against the British government<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/> in 1865.{{Citation needed|date=July 2007}} As a result, he was [[exile]]d temporarily from his home town, Phillaur.<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/>
Shardha Ram gave forceful lectures on the [[Mahabharata]], and because of this was charged with conducting [[propaganda]] against the [[British raj|British government]]<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/> in 1865.{{Citation needed|date=July 2007}} As a result, he was [[exile]]d temporarily from his home town, Phillaur.<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/>


Sharda Ram often visited [[Amritsar]] and adjoining [[Lahore]], especially in connection with astrology.<ref name="cradle"/> During this time, he earned a reputation as an astrologer and wrote several books in Hindi.<ref name="cradle"/>
Sharda Ram often visited [[Amritsar]] and adjoining [[Lahore]], especially in connection with astrology.<ref name="cradle"/> During this time, he earned a reputation as an astrologer and wrote several books in Hindi.<ref name="cradle"/>


In 1886 ''Sikhan De Raj Di Vithia'' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]:''The Story of Sikh Rule'') he published, an account of [[Sikhism|Sikh religion]] and the rule of [[Maharaja]] [[Ranjit Singh]].<ref name="creator" /><ref name=":0" /> The last of its three chapters documents [[Punjabi culture]] and [[Punjabi (language)|language]], including its customs, usages, and folk songs.<ref name="creator" /> The book was often prescribed as a text book.<ref name="creator" />
⚫
Shardha Ram has recently been acknowledged as having written the first novel in Hindi.<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/><ref name="note">Previously, [[Lala Sri Niwas]] was credited with this achievement; his ''[[Priksha Guru]]'' was written in 1902. Walia, Varinda. [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050317/aplus.htm#1 "Hindi novel’s first cradle."] ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]''.</ref> His novel ''[[Bhagyawati]]'', believed to have been written mainly in Amritsar, was first published in 1888, after Shardha Ram's death.<ref name="cradle"/> The novel's portrayal of women and women's rights was progressive for its day.<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/>

⚫
Shardha Ram has recently been acknowledged as having written the first novel in Hindi.<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/><ref name="note">Previously, [[Lala Sri Niwas]] was credited with this achievement; his ''[[Pariksha Guru]]'' was written in 1902. Walia, Varinda. [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050317/aplus.htm#1 "Hindi novel’s first cradle."] ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]''.</ref> His novel ''[[Bhagyawati]]'', believed to have been written mainly in Amritsar, was first published in 1888, after Shardha Ram's death.<ref name="cradle"/> The novel's portrayal of women and women's rights was progressive for its day.<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/>

Sharda Ram has written the famous and widely sung aarti "[[Om Jai Jagdish Hare]]."


Shardha Ram died on 24 June 1881 at [[Lahore]].<ref name="cradle"/>
Shardha Ram died on 24 June 1881 at [[Lahore]].<ref name="cradle"/>

His descendants went on to continue his legacy in preserving Indian and Punjabi culture, Shri Krishna Chandra Joshi established the Panjabi language department at DAV college Jalandhar. During the administration of Principal Pandit Mehar Chand Ji, the Punjabi Department of DAV College Jalandhar was set up in 1936 under the able guidance of Prof. K. C Joshi. Prof. K. C Joshi became the first head of this department and remained in office for a long period from 1936 to 1973. It was in his tenure that the Department of Punjabi became the Post-graduate Department of Punjabi in 1966.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Punjabi |url=https://www.davjalandhar.com/punjabi/ |access-date=2023-04-22 |website=DAV College, Jalandhar |language=en-US}}</ref> His descendants are now settled in Canada.


==Works==
==Works==
{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}
{{Incomplete list|date=August 2008}}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
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| ''Sikhan De Raj Di Vithia'' (''The Story of Sikh Rule'')<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/>
| ''Sikhan De Raj Di Vithia'' (''The Story of Sikh Rule'')<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/>
| 1866
| 1866
| The book is an account of [[Sikhism|Sikh religion]] and the rule of [[Maharaja]] [[Ranjit Singh]].<ref name="creator"/><ref>Sisir Kumar Das. ''A History of Indian Literature'', p.540. Sahitya Akademi (1991), {{ISBN|81-7201-006-0}}.</ref> The last of its three chapters documents [[Punjabi culture]] and [[Punjabi (language)|language]], including its customs, usages, and folk songs.<ref name="creator"/> The book was often prescribed as a text book.<ref name="creator"/>
| The book is an account of [[Sikhism|Sikh religion]] and the rule of [[Maharaja]] [[Ranjit Singh]].<ref name="creator"/><ref name=":0">Sisir Kumar Das. ''A History of Indian Literature'', p.&nbsp;540. Sahitya Akademi (1991), {{ISBN|81-7201-006-0}}.</ref> The last of its three chapters documents [[Punjabi culture]] and [[Punjabi (language)|language]], including its customs, usages, and folk songs.<ref name="creator"/> The book was often prescribed as a text book.<ref name="creator"/>
|-
|-
| ''Punjabi Batcheet''<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/>
| ''Punjabi Batcheet''<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/>
|
|
|This book was specifically written to help the British understand the local dialect.<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/> It may have been the first book transliterated into Roman script from Gurmukhi script.<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/> The study of this was a requirement for admission into the administrative services.<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/> The book is taught to this day at schools affiliated with the Punjab State Education Board (PSEB) Mohali.{{Citation needed|date=July 2007}}
|This book was specifically written to help the British understand the local dialect.<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/> It may have been the first book transliterated into Roman script from Gurmukhi script.<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/> The study of this was a requirement for admission into the administrative services.<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/> The book is taught to this day at schools affiliated with the [[Punjab School Education Board]] (PSEB) Mohali.{{Citation needed|date=July 2007}}
|-
|-
| Om [[Jai Jagdish Hare]]<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/>
| Om [[Jai Jagdish Hare]]<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/>
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[[Category:19th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:19th-century male writers]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Poets from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Poets from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Novelists from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Novelists from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Punjabi Hindus]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language poets]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]

Latest revision as of 10:39, 4 June 2024

"Phillauri" redirects here. For the town of Phillaur, see Phillaur. For the 2017 film, see Phillauri (film).

Pandit

Shardha Ram

Phillauri
BornShardha Ram
(1837-09-00)September , 1837
Phillaur, Dallewalia Misl, Sikh Empire
DiedJune 1881(1881-06-00) (aged 43)
Lahore, Punjab Province, British India
OccupationWriter, poet, social Reformer
SprachePunjabi, Hindi, Sanskrit
Notable works

Shardha Ram Phillauri (Punjabi pronunciation: [Śaradhā rāma philaurī] ; September 1837[1] – 24 June 1881) was an Indian writer, poet and social reformer who is remembered for his contributions to Hindi and Punjabi literature. He is best known for his Hindu religious hymn Om Jai Jagdish Hare and Bhagyawati, one of the first novels in Hindi. Phillauri has also been called the "father of modern Punjabi prose."[2] Born in Phillaur, he visited cities across Punjab and died in Lahore in 1881.[2]

Biography

[edit]

Shardha Ram was born in 1837 to a Punjabi Hindu Brahmin family in the town of Phillaur in the Sikh Empire under the reign of Ranjit Singh.[2][3] His father, Jai Dyalu, was an astrologer. Their gotra was Moudgil.[2] He did not have any formal education as such.[2] By age ten, he had studied Hindi, Sanskrit, Persian, astrology, and music.[2] Later, he was also a missionary of traditional Hinduism (Sanatana dharma).[2][3][4]

In his books, Shardha Ram documented Punjabi culture and language.[2][3]

Shardha Ram gave forceful lectures on the Mahabharata, and because of this was charged with conducting propaganda against the British government[2][3] in 1865.[citation needed] As a result, he was exiled temporarily from his home town, Phillaur.[2][3]

Sharda Ram often visited Amritsar and adjoining Lahore, especially in connection with astrology.[2] During this time, he earned a reputation as an astrologer and wrote several books in Hindi.[2]

In 1886 Sikhan De Raj Di Vithia (Punjabi:The Story of Sikh Rule) he published, an account of Sikh religion and the rule of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.[3][5] The last of its three chapters documents Punjabi culture and language, including its customs, usages, and folk songs.[3] The book was often prescribed as a text book.[3]

Shardha Ram has recently been acknowledged as having written the first novel in Hindi.[2][3][6] His novel Bhagyawati, believed to have been written mainly in Amritsar, was first published in 1888, after Shardha Ram's death.[2] The novel's portrayal of women and women's rights was progressive for its day.[2][3]

Sharda Ram has written the famous and widely sung aarti "Om Jai Jagdish Hare."

Shardha Ram died on 24 June 1881 at Lahore.[2]

His descendants went on to continue his legacy in preserving Indian and Punjabi culture, Shri Krishna Chandra Joshi established the Panjabi language department at DAV college Jalandhar. During the administration of Principal Pandit Mehar Chand Ji, the Punjabi Department of DAV College Jalandhar was set up in 1936 under the able guidance of Prof. K. C Joshi. Prof. K. C Joshi became the first head of this department and remained in office for a long period from 1936 to 1973. It was in his tenure that the Department of Punjabi became the Post-graduate Department of Punjabi in 1966.[7] His descendants are now settled in Canada.

Works

[edit]
Work Year Description
Sikhan De Raj Di Vithia (The Story of Sikh Rule)[2][3] 1866 The book is an account of Sikh religion and the rule of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.[3][5] The last of its three chapters documents Punjabi culture and language, including its customs, usages, and folk songs.[3] The book was often prescribed as a text book.[3]
Punjabi Batcheet[2][3] This book was specifically written to help the British understand the local dialect.[2][3] It may have been the first book transliterated into Roman script from Gurmukhi script.[2][3] The study of this was a requirement for admission into the administrative services.[2][3] The book is taught to this day at schools affiliated with the Punjab School Education Board (PSEB) Mohali.[citation needed]
Om Jai Jagdish Hare[2][3] 1870s[citation needed] Translated in Punjabi the first time[3]
Bhagyawati[2][3] published 1888 This book is believed to be the first novel in Hindi.[2][3][6]
Satya Dharm Muktavli[3]
Shatopadesh[3]
Satyamrit Pravaha[3]

Notes and references

[edit]
  1. ^ Singh Bedi, Harmohinder. Shardha Ram Granthawali. Nirmal Publisher. (A three-volume work by the dean and head of the Guru Nanak Dev University Hindi Department.)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Walia, Varinda. "Hindi novel’s first cradle." The Tribune (17 March 2005).
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Maitray, Mohan. "The creator of Om Jai Jagdish Hare." The Tribune (27 September 1998).
  4. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 13 July 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. ^ a b Sisir Kumar Das. A History of Indian Literature, p. 540. Sahitya Akademi (1991), ISBN 81-7201-006-0.
  6. ^ a b Previously, Lala Sri Niwas was credited with this achievement; his Pariksha Guru was written in 1902. Walia, Varinda. "Hindi novel’s first cradle." The Tribune.
  7. ^ "Punjabi". DAV College, Jalandhar. Retrieved 22 April 2023.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Singh Bedi, Harmohinder. Shardha Ram Granthawali. Nirmal Publisher. (A three-volume work by the dean and head of the Guru Nanak Dev University Hindi Department.)
[edit]
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