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{{Short description|British chemist (1834–1915)}}
Sir '''Arthur Herbert Church''' (June 2, 1834 – May 31, 1915) was a British [[chemist]], expert on pottery, stones and chemistry of paintings, who discovered [[turacin]] in 1869 and several minerals, including the only British [[cerium]] mineral.<ref name="NYT">[http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10D14F7385C13738DDDAB0894DE405B858DF1D3&scp=69&sq=pioneer%20chemist%20dies&st=cse Nw York Times:FAMOUS CHEMIST DEAD.; Sir Arthur H. Church Was Also an Expert on Pottery and Stones.]</ref><ref name="RS">[http://rsnr.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/60/2/139.full The Royal Society;Arthur Herbert Church FRS and the Palace of Westminster frescoes]</ref><ref name="WS">[[s:The Times/1915/Obituary/Arthur Herbert Church|Wikisource:Death of Sir A. H. Church;Royal Academy Professor of Chemistry]]</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Researches on Turacin, an Animal Pigment containing copper|author=Church, A. H.|journal=Phil. Trans.|pages=627–639|year=1869}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|jstor=109012|pages=627–636|last1=Church|first1=A. H.|title=Researches on Turacin, an Animal Pigment Containing Copper|volume=159|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London|year=1869|doi=10.1098/rstl.1869.0024}}</ref>
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
'''Sir Arthur Herbert Church''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|KCVO|FCS}} (2 June 1834 – 31 May 1915) was a British [[chemist]], expert on pottery, stones and chemistry of paintings, who discovered [[turacin]] in 1869 and several minerals, including the only British [[cerium]] mineral. He was also a talented artist and worked as a professor of chemistry at the Agricultural College in Cirencester and then at the Royal Academy of Arts. He wrote extensively on aspects of chemistry in agriculture, art, and daily life.


==Early life ==
He was born in London, the son of John Thomas Church, a solicitor and educated at [[King's College, London]], the [[Royal College of Chemistry]] and [[Lincoln College, Oxford]], where he graduated MA (Oxon).<ref name = RoySoc> {{cite web | url = http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=1&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27church%27%29| title= Library and Archive Catalogue| publisher = Royal Society|accessdate = 2012-03-17}} </ref>


Church was born in London, the son of John Thomas Church, a solicitor. His studied at [[King's College London]] where he showed an interest in both science and art. He spent four years from 1851 to 1855 at the [[Royal College of Chemistry]] where he, under A. W. Hofmann, studied alongside [[William Henry Perkin]] with whom he published his first research paper.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Church|first1=A. H.|last2=Perkin|first2=William Henry|year=1857|title=IV. On some new colouring matters|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London|volume=8|pages=48–49|doi=10.1098/rspl.1856.0015|doi-access=}}</ref> The next four years were spent at [[Lincoln College, Oxford]], where he received a BA in 1859. He then started a private laboratory in London and beside his chemical analysis work, he started painting landscapes, which were first exhibited in The Royal Academy in May 1854.
He was Professor of Chemistry at the Agricultural College, Cirencester from 1863 to 1879 and Professor of Chemistry at the [[Royal Academy of Arts]] from 1879 to 1911. He wrote on organic, physiological and mineralogical chemistry.<ref name = RoySoc/> He was invested [[Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order|KCVO]] in 1909.<ref name = WS/>


== Royal Agricultural College ==
He was a talented painter and thus became an expert of chemistry of paintings and frescoes.<ref name="RS"/> He was a [[fellow of the Royal Society]] (elected 1888),<ref name="RS"/>a fellow of [[King's College]] in London,<ref name="NYT"/> president of the Mineralogical Society,<ref name="NYT"/> and a [[fellow of the Chemical Society]].<ref name="WS"/> The [[New York Times]] called him a "famous chemist"<ref name="NYT"/> and "a leading authority in the chemistry of painting".<ref name="WS"/>
Church worked at the college in Cirencester from 1863 to 1879 as a professor. He also worked as a Honorary Curator at the Cirencester Museum of Roman Antiquities. These associations led to work that included analysis of plants, soil, and minerals, extending into gemstones, porcelain and pigments. He examined the red water-soluble plumage of a West African Tauraco after being introduced to it by [[William Bernhardt Tegetmeier|W. B. Tegetmeier]] and found that the pigment had 5.8% copper.<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=109012|pages=627–636|last1=Church|first1=A. H.|title=Researches on Turacin, an Animal Pigment Containing Copper|volume=159|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London|year=1869|doi=10.1098/rstl.1869.0024|doi-access=free}}</ref> He then examined the food of the bird and found that ''Musa sapientum'' had copper.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.1913.tb06150.x|title=Notes on Turacin and the Turacin-Bearers|journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London|volume=83|issue=3|pages=639–643|year=1913|last1=Church|first1=Sir Arthur H.|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/72251 }}</ref> He also discovered aluminium in a range of plant ashes.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Church|first=A.H.|date=1888|title=III. On the occurrence of aluminium in certain vascular cryptogams|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London|language=en|volume=44|issue=266–272|pages=121–129|doi=10.1098/rspl.1888.0010|issn=0370-1662|doi-access=free}}</ref> Another discovery was a mineral from Cornwall that contained Cerium phosphate and called as Churchite.<ref name=RS>{{cite journal|doi=10.1098/rsnr.2006.0145|title=Arthur Herbert Church FRS and the Palace of Westminster frescoes|journal=Notes and Records of the Royal Society|volume=60|issue=2|pages=139–159|year=2006|last1=Kurzer|first1=Frederick|s2cid=144691725}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Church, A. H.|year=1870|title=Chemical research on new or rare cornish minerals|journal=Journal of the Chemical Society|volume=23|pages=165–171|doi=10.1039/JS8702300165|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1606381}}</ref>


== Royal Academy of Arts ==
He died at Shelsley, Kew Gardens in 1915. He had married Jemima, the daughter of Mr. J. B. Pope.
[[File:Richmond Cemetery, Sir Arthur Herbert Church.jpg|thumb|Richmond Cemetery]]
In 1879, Church became the first professor of chemistry at the [[Royal Academy of Arts]] where he took a special interest in pigments, glazes and other matters. He was elected [[fellow of the Royal Society]] in 1888. As a painter of repute and an expert on the chemistry of paints, he was chosen for the restoration of paintings and frescoes in the Palace of Westminster.<ref name="RS"/><ref name="NYT">[https://www.nytimes.com/1915/06/02/archives/famous-chemist-dead-sir-arthur-h-church-was-also-an-expert-on.html?sq=pioneer%2520chemist%2520dies&scp=69&st=cse New York Times:FAMOUS CHEMIST DEAD.; Sir Arthur H. Church Was Also an Expert on Pottery and Stones.]</ref><ref name="WS">[[s:The Times/1915/Obituary/Arthur Herbert Church|Wikisource:Death of Sir A. H. Church;Royal Academy Professor of Chemistry]]</ref>


Church was elected a member of the [[American Antiquarian Society]] in 1901.<ref>[http://www.americanantiquarian.org/memberlistc American Antiquarian Society Members Directory]</ref> He was invested [[Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order|KCVO]] in 1909.<ref name = WS/> He died at Shelsley, Kew Gardens in 1915, and is buried in [[Richmond Cemetery]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Meller|first1=Hugh|last2=Parsons|first2=Brian|title=London Cemeteries: An Illustrated Guide and Gazetteer|edition=fifth|year=2011|publisher=[[The History Press]]|location=[[Stroud]], Gloucestershire|isbn=9780752461830|pages=290–294}}</ref> He had married Jemima, the daughter of Mr. J. B. Pope.
==Publications==
⚫
* ''English porcelain; a handbook to the china made in England during the eighteenth century as illustrated by specimens chiefly in the national collections'' (1885)
⚫
* ''Food-grains of India'' (1886)
* ''Food'' (1887)
⚫
* ''Laboratory Guide for Agricultural Students'' (1888)
* ''The chemistry of paints and painting'' (1890)
⚫
* ''Colour : an elementary manual for students'' (1907)


== See also ==
==Publications==
Church wrote several books on organic, physiological and mineralogical chemistry.
An example of a painting by Church: [http://www.picturingplants.com/2011/12/arthur-herbert-church-narcissus.html Arthur Herbert Church: Narcissus]
*[[iarchive:b28092053|''Food'' (1880)]]
⚫
* ''English porcelain; a handbook to the china made in England during the eighteenth century as illustrated by specimens chiefly in the national collections'' (1885) ([[iarchive:englishporcelain00churuoft|1911 edition]])
⚫
*[[iarchive:cu31924000270680|''Food-grains of India'' (1886)]]
⚫
*[[iarchive:laboratoryguidem00churrich|''Laboratory Guide for Agricultural Students'' (1888)]]
* ''[https://archive.org/details/gri_33125003356652/page/n5/mode/2up The Chemistry of Paints and Painting]'' (1890)
*[[iarchive:S0001939|Precious stones : considered in their scientific and artistic relations (1891)]]
*[[iarchive:josiahwedgwoodma00chur_0|Josiah Wedgwood, master-potter (1903)]]
⚫
*[[iarchive:gri_c00033125012773236|''Colour : an elementary manual for students'' (1907)]]


== References ==
== References ==
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{{Wikisource author}}
{{Wikisource author}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Church, Arthur Herbert
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = British chemist
| DATE OF BIRTH = June 2, 1834
| PLACE OF BIRTH = London, UK
| DATE OF DEATH = May 31, 1915
| PLACE OF DEATH = Kew Gardens, London
}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Church, Arthur Herbert}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Church, Arthur Herbert}}
[[Category:1834 births]]
[[Category:1834 births]]
[[Category:1915 deaths]]
[[Category:1915 deaths]]
[[Category:People from London]]
[[Category:Scientists from London]]
[[Category:British chemists]]
[[Category:British chemists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Alumni of King's College London]]
[[Category:Fellows of King's College London]]
[[Category:Alumni of Lincoln College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Chemical Society]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Burials at Richmond Cemetery]]
[[Category:Members of the American Antiquarian Society]]

Latest revision as of 12:38, 4 June 2024

Sir Arthur Herbert Church KCVO FCS (2 June 1834 – 31 May 1915) was a British chemist, expert on pottery, stones and chemistry of paintings, who discovered turacin in 1869 and several minerals, including the only British cerium mineral. He was also a talented artist and worked as a professor of chemistry at the Agricultural College in Cirencester and then at the Royal Academy of Arts. He wrote extensively on aspects of chemistry in agriculture, art, and daily life.

Early life

[edit]

Church was born in London, the son of John Thomas Church, a solicitor. His studied at King's College London where he showed an interest in both science and art. He spent four years from 1851 to 1855 at the Royal College of Chemistry where he, under A. W. Hofmann, studied alongside William Henry Perkin with whom he published his first research paper.[1] The next four years were spent at Lincoln College, Oxford, where he received a BA in 1859. He then started a private laboratory in London and beside his chemical analysis work, he started painting landscapes, which were first exhibited in The Royal Academy in May 1854.

Royal Agricultural College

[edit]

Church worked at the college in Cirencester from 1863 to 1879 as a professor. He also worked as a Honorary Curator at the Cirencester Museum of Roman Antiquities. These associations led to work that included analysis of plants, soil, and minerals, extending into gemstones, porcelain and pigments. He examined the red water-soluble plumage of a West African Tauraco after being introduced to it by W. B. Tegetmeier and found that the pigment had 5.8% copper.[2] He then examined the food of the bird and found that Musa sapientum had copper.[3] He also discovered aluminium in a range of plant ashes.[4] Another discovery was a mineral from Cornwall that contained Cerium phosphate and called as Churchite.[5][6]

Royal Academy of Arts

[edit]
Richmond Cemetery

In 1879, Church became the first professor of chemistry at the Royal Academy of Arts where he took a special interest in pigments, glazes and other matters. He was elected fellow of the Royal Society in 1888. As a painter of repute and an expert on the chemistry of paints, he was chosen for the restoration of paintings and frescoes in the Palace of Westminster.[5][7][8]

Church was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1901.[9] He was invested KCVO in 1909.[8] He died at Shelsley, Kew Gardens in 1915, and is buried in Richmond Cemetery.[10] He had married Jemima, the daughter of Mr. J. B. Pope.

Publications

[edit]

Church wrote several books on organic, physiological and mineralogical chemistry.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Church, A. H.; Perkin, William Henry (1857). "IV. On some new colouring matters". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 8: 48–49. doi:10.1098/rspl.1856.0015.
  2. ^ Church, A. H. (1869). "Researches on Turacin, an Animal Pigment Containing Copper". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 159: 627–636. doi:10.1098/rstl.1869.0024. JSTOR 109012.
  3. ^ Church, Sir Arthur H. (1913). "Notes on Turacin and the Turacin-Bearers". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 83 (3): 639–643. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1913.tb06150.x.
  4. ^ Church, A.H. (1888). "III. On the occurrence of aluminium in certain vascular cryptogams". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 44 (266–272): 121–129. doi:10.1098/rspl.1888.0010. ISSN 0370-1662.
  5. ^ a b Kurzer, Frederick (2006). "Arthur Herbert Church FRS and the Palace of Westminster frescoes". Notes and Records of the Royal Society. 60 (2): 139–159. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2006.0145. S2CID 144691725.
  6. ^ Church, A. H. (1870). "Chemical research on new or rare cornish minerals". Journal of the Chemical Society. 23: 165–171. doi:10.1039/JS8702300165.
  7. ^ New York Times:FAMOUS CHEMIST DEAD.; Sir Arthur H. Church Was Also an Expert on Pottery and Stones.
  8. ^ a b Wikisource:Death of Sir A. H. Church;Royal Academy Professor of Chemistry
  9. ^ American Antiquarian Society Members Directory
  10. ^ Meller, Hugh; Parsons, Brian (2011). London Cemeteries: An Illustrated Guide and Gazetteer (fifth ed.). Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press. pp. 290–294. ISBN 9780752461830.
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