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{{short description|Hopi painter}}
{{short description|Hopi painter}}
{{Orphan|date=October 2021}}
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{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Waldo Mootzka|timestamp=20201116192527|year=2020|month=November|day=16|substed=yes|help=off}}
[[File:Katsinam and Sun Emblem.jpg|thumb|''Katsinam and Sun Emblem'', by Waldo Mootzka]]
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'''Waldo Mootzka''' (1903–1940)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Broder|first=Patricia Janis|url=https://archive.org/details/greatpaintingsof0000thom/page/96/mode/1up|title=Great Paintings of the Old American West|publisher=[[Gilcrease Museum|Thomas Gilcrease Institute of American History and Art]]; [[Crown Publishers]]|year=1979|isbn=0-517-31776-1|location=New York|pages=96|oclc=748457255}}</ref> was a [[Hopi]] [[Watercolor painting|watercolor]] artist.
[[File:Katsinam and Sun Emblem.jpg|thumb|Katsinam and Sun Emblem, by Waldo Mootzka]]
'''Waldo Mootzka''' (1903{{Spaced en dash}}1935–40)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Broder|first=Patricia Janis|url=https://archive.org/details/greatpaintingsof0000thom/page/96/mode/1up|title=Great Paintings of the Old American West|publisher=[[Gilcrease Museum|Thomas Gilcrease Institute of American History and Art]]; [[Crown Publishers]]|year=1979|isbn=0-517-31776-1|location=New York|pages=96|oclc=748457255}}</ref> was a [[Hopi]] [[Watercolor painting|watercolor]] artist.


== Early life ==
== Early life ==
Waldo Mootzka was born in 1903 into the Hopi tribe near [[Oraibi, Arizona]], also known as Third Mesa on the [[Hopi Reservation]]. His father was Tom Mootzka and his mother was a member of the Badger Clan.<ref name="North American Indians">{{cite book|last1=Dockstader|first1=Frederick|title=Great North American Indians: Profiles in Life and Leadership|publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Van Nostrand Reinhold]]|year=1977|pages=180|url=https://archive.org/details/greatnorthameric00dock|url-access=registration|oclc=1035306823|isbn=9780442021481}}</ref> Based on census data Mootzka grew up with three sister Daisy, Amelia, and Norma.<ref name="Census">{{cite web |title=Waldo Mootska United States Census, 1920 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MCRP-SCV |website=familysearch |accessdate=10 November 2020}}</ref> Growing up in Hopi culture inspired most of the subject matter of Mootzka's paintings. However, there is not much said about his young childhood. Once he started to come of age he attended Oraibi day school.<ref name="Indian Painter" /> Oraibi school was a [[Native Americans in the United States|boarding school]] that attempted to erase the Hopi culture and replace it with Anglo culture. However, some of the teachers at this boarding school in secret let the students paint.<ref name="North American Indians" /> Some individuals used this in order to express their culture.<ref name="American Indian History">{{cite book|last1=Johansen|first1=Bruce|title=American Indian History|last2=Pritzker|first2=Barry|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=414}}</ref> His informal training began at the boarding school, and he also studied at [[Shungopovi]], known as Second Mesa on [[Hopiland]].<ref name="Indian Painter">{{cite book|last1=King|first1=Snodgrass|title=American Indian Painters: A Biographical Directory|publisher=[[George Gustav Heye Center|Museum of the American Indian]]; Heye Foundation|year=1968|pages=123|url=https://archive.org/details/americanindianpa00king/page/123/mode/1up|url-access=registration|oclc=1039494099}}</ref> There is no record of Waldo Mootzka being married. Toward the end of his life he started to study silver smiting in Santa Fe.<ref name="North American Indians" /> Waldo Mootzka died in 1940 following a car accident which exacerbated his tuberculosis.<ref name="Waldo Death">{{cite web|last1=E|first1=Alexander|date=|title=Waldo Mootzka, Hopi Pueblo Painter|url=https://www.adobegallery.com/artist/Waldo_Mootzka_1910_194015851408|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=4 November 2020|website=adobe Gallery}}</ref>
Waldo Mootzka was born in 1903 into the Hopi tribe near [[Oraibi, Arizona]], also known as Third Mesa<ref name="Hopi Cultural Center">{{cite web |title=The Hopi People |url=https://hopiculturalcenter.com/about-the-hopi/ |publisher=Hopi Cultural Center |access-date=17 November 2020}}</ref> on the [[Hopi Reservation]]. His father was Tom Mootzka and his mother was a member of the Badger Clan.<ref name="North American Indians">{{cite book|last1=Dockstader|first1=Frederick|title=Great North American Indians: Profiles in Life and Leadership|publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Van Nostrand Reinhold]]|year=1977|pages=180|url=https://archive.org/details/greatnorthameric00dock|url-access=registration|oclc=1035306823|isbn=9780442021481}}</ref> Based on census data, Mootzka grew up with three sisters–Daisy, Amelia, and Norma.<ref name="Census">{{cite web |title=Waldo Mootska United States Census, 1920 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MCRP-SCV |website=familysearch |access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref> Growing up in Hopi culture inspired most of the subject matter of Mootzka's paintings. However, there is not much said about his young childhood. Once he started to come of age he attended Oraibi day school.<ref name="Indian Painter" /> Oraibi school was a [[American Indian boarding schools|boarding school]] that attempted to erase the Hopi culture and replace it with Anglo culture. However, some of the teachers at this boarding school in secret let the students paint.<ref name="North American Indians" /> Some individuals used this in order to express their culture.<ref name="American Indian History">{{cite book|last1=Johansen|first1=Bruce|title=American Indian History|last2=Pritzker|first2=Barry|publisher=ABC-CLIO|pages=414}}</ref> His informal training began at the boarding school, and he also studied at [[Shungopovi]], known as Second Mesa<ref name="Hopi Cultural Center" /> on [[Hopiland]].<ref name="Indian Painter">{{cite book|last1=King|first1=Snodgrass|title=American Indian Painters: A Biographical Directory|publisher=[[George Gustav Heye Center|Museum of the American Indian]]; Heye Foundation|year=1968|pages=123|url=https://archive.org/details/americanindianpa00king/page/123/mode/1up|url-access=registration|oclc=1039494099}}</ref> There is no record of Mootzka being married. Toward the end of his life he started to study [[silversmithing]] in Santa Fe.<ref name="North American Indians" /> Mootzka died in 1940 following a car accident which exacerbated his [[tuberculosis]].<ref name="Waldo Death">{{cite web|last1=E|first1=Alexander|title=Waldo Mootzka, Hopi Pueblo Painter|url=https://www.adobegallery.com/artist/Waldo_Mootzka_1910_194015851408|access-date=4 November 2020|website=adobe Gallery}}</ref>


== Career ==
== Career ==
[[File:SakwaWakaKatsina Katsina-Vache-Bleue hopi kachina doll.jpg|thumb|100px|Traditional ''SakwaWaka'' katsina doll]]
[[File:SakwaWakaKatsina Katsina-Vache-Bleue hopi kachina doll.jpg|thumb|100px|Traditional ''SakwaWaka'' katsina doll]]
Waldo Mootzka's career started during his time at boarding school observing fellow Hopi painter [[Fred Kabotie]].<ref name="Indian Painter" /> However, Mootzka never formally trained under anyone, and his watercolor skills were all self-taught. Most of the paintings that Mootzka created were about Hopi life and the ceremonies within it. However, he did experiment more than some of his fellow painters. This might indicate a European influence he gained at boarding school.<ref name="North American Indians" />
Mootzka's career started during his time at boarding school observing fellow Hopi painter [[Fred Kabotie]].<ref name="Indian Painter" /> However, Mootzka never formally trained under anyone, and his watercolor skills were all self-taught. Most of the paintings that Mootzka created were about Hopi life and the ceremonies within it. However, he did experiment more than some of his fellow painters. This might indicate a European influence he gained at boarding school.<ref name="North American Indians" />


Many of his paintings depicted [[Katsinam]] figures,<ref name="McNay" /> depictions of Hopi supernatural beings, or of kachina dancers, as represented in [[Hopi Kachina figures]] (Kachina dolls).<ref name="Kachina Dolls">{{cite book |last1=Colton |first1=Harold Sellers |title=Hopi Kachina Dolls: A Key to their Identification |date=1959 |publisher=University of New Mexico Press |location=Albuquerque |url=https://archive.org/details/hopikachinadolls00colt_1/mode/2up?q=Kachina |accessdate=17 November 2020}}</ref> These Hopi deities differ than the Pueblo peoples living the [[Rio Grande valley]], in that the Hopis were much less influenced by Catholicism due to their remote location on three mesa tops in Arizona.<ref name="NAIA-Furst">{{cite book |last1=Furst |first1=Peter T. |last2=Furst |first2=Jill L. |title=North American Indian Art |date=1982 |publisher=Rizzoli |location=New York |isbn=0-8478-0572-7}}</ref>
Many of his paintings depicted [[Katsinam]] figures,<ref name="McNay" /> depictions of Hopi supernatural beings, or of kachina dancers, as represented in [[Hopi Kachina figure]]s (Kachina dolls).<ref name="Kachina Dolls">{{cite book |last1=Colton |first1=Harold Sellers |title=Hopi Kachina Dolls: A Key to their Identification |date=1959 |publisher=University of New Mexico Press |location=Albuquerque |url=https://archive.org/details/hopikachinadolls00colt_1/mode/2up?q=Kachina |access-date=17 November 2020}}</ref> These Hopi deities differ than the Pueblo peoples living the [[Rio Grande valley]], in that the Hopis were much less influenced by Catholicism due to their remote location on three mesa tops in Arizona.<ref name="NAIA-Furst">{{cite book |last1=Furst |first1=Peter T. |last2=Furst |first2=Jill L. |title=North American Indian Art |date=1982 |publisher=Rizzoli |location=New York |isbn=0-8478-0572-7}}</ref>


==The Studio School movement==
==The Studio School movement==
[[File:Ancestral Hopi Sikyatki moth jar.jpg|thumb|[[Ancestral Puebloans|Ancestral]] Hopi Sikyatki moth jar, an example of traditional flat-style painting on pottery]]
[[File:Ancestral Hopi Sikyatki moth jar.jpg|thumb|[[Ancestral Puebloans|Ancestral]] Hopi Sikyatki moth jar, an example of traditional flat-style painting on pottery]]
Mootzka's art was part of a trend in the 1930s in the [[Southwestern United States|Southwest]], known as The Studio School movement. The painting style, introduced by [[Dorothy Dunn]], an Anglo teacher at [[Santo Domingo Pueblo]], acknowledged elements of [[Cubism]], [[Symbolism (arts)|Symbolism]] and other current European sensibilities, yet promoted the "flat style" of painting found in traditional Pueblo pottery designs and murals.<ref name="Modern by Tradition">{{cite book |last1=Bernstein |first1=W. |last2=Rushing |first2=jackson |title=Modern by Tradition: American Indian Painting in the Studio style |date=1995 |publisher=Museum of New Mexico Press |location=Albuquerque |isbn=9780890132869 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PaLpAAAAMAAJ&q=Dorothy+Dunn+Studio+Style&dq=Dorothy+Dunn+Studio+Style&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5q7DO-4ntAhUGGVkFHYRKDkAQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg |accessdate=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Native American art">{{cite web|last1=Archuleta|first1=Margaret|date=|title=The Native American Fine Art Movement: A Resource Guide. Heard Museum|url=https://heard.org/home/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/fine-arts-web.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|website=Heard|ref=Archuleta, Margaret et al. The Native American Fine Art Movement: A Resource Guide. Heard Museum, 1994, https://heard.org/home/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/fine-arts-web.pdf. Accessed 3 Oct 2020.}}</ref> In the later part of his career Mootzka focused on silversmithing more than watercolor.<ref name="North American Indians" /> Mootzka would at times incorporate [[Art Deco]], or more specifically, [[Pueblo Deco]] motifs and design sensibilities.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fleming |first1=Lee |title=Art |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1993/06/03/art/9e5bbc21-e0af-4b8e-9cc8-01d884e33ead/ |accessdate=16 November 2020 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=3 June 1993}}</ref>
Mootzka's art was part of a trend in the 1930s in the [[Southwestern United States|Southwest]], known as The Studio School movement. The painting style, introduced by [[Dorothy Dunn]], an Anglo teacher at [[Santo Domingo Pueblo]], acknowledged elements of [[Cubism]], [[Symbolism (arts)|Symbolism]] and other current European sensibilities, yet promoted the "flat style" of painting found in traditional Pueblo pottery designs and murals.<ref name="Modern by Tradition">{{cite book |last1=Bernstein |first1=W. |last2=Rushing |first2=jackson |title=Modern by Tradition: American Indian Painting in the Studio style |date=1995 |publisher=Museum of New Mexico Press |location=Albuquerque |isbn=9780890132869 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PaLpAAAAMAAJ&q=Dorothy+Dunn+Studio+Style |access-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Native American art">{{cite web|last1=Archuleta|first1=Margaret|title=The Native American Fine Art Movement: A Resource Guide. Heard Museum|url=https://heard.org/home/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/fine-arts-web.pdf|website=Heard|ref=Archuleta, Margaret et al. The Native American Fine Art Movement: A Resource Guide. Heard Museum, 1994 |accessdate= 3 Oct 2020}}</ref> In the later part of his career Mootzka focused on silversmithing more than watercolor.<ref name="North American Indians" /> Mootzka would at times incorporate [[Art Deco]], or more specifically, [[Pueblo Deco]] motifs and design sensibilities into his work.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fleming |first1=Lee |title=Art |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1993/06/03/art/9e5bbc21-e0af-4b8e-9cc8-01d884e33ead/ |access-date=16 November 2020 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=3 June 1993}}</ref>


== Collections ==
== Collections ==
*[[Brooklyn Museum]]<ref name="Bklyn Museum">{{cite web |title=Fall Corn Dance, Waldo Mootzka, Accession No. 40.91 |url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/50085 |publisher=Brooklyn Museum |accessdate=16 November 2020}}</ref>
*[[Brooklyn Museum]]<ref name="Bklyn Museum">{{cite web |title=Fall Corn Dance, Waldo Mootzka, Accession No. 40.91 |url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/50085 |publisher=Brooklyn Museum |access-date=16 November 2020}}</ref>
*[[Museum of the American Indian]] in New York<ref name="NMAI">{{cite web |title=Search collections: Waldo Mootzka |url=https://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Waldo+Mootzka |publisher=Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of the American Indian |accessdate=16 November 2020}}</ref>
*[[Museum of the American Indian]] in New York<ref name="NMAI">{{cite web |title=Search collections: Waldo Mootzka |url=https://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Waldo+Mootzka |publisher=Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of the American Indian |access-date=16 November 2020}}</ref>
*[[Gilcrease Museum]] Institute and the Philbrook Art Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma<ref>{{cite web |title=Waldo Mootzka - Gilcrease Museum |url=https://collections.gilcrease.org/creator/waldo-mootzka |website=collections.gilcrease.org |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Gilcrease Museum]] Institute and the Philbrook Art Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma<ref>{{cite web |title=Waldo Mootzka Gilcrease Museum |url=https://collections.gilcrease.org/creator/waldo-mootzka |website=collections.gilcrease.org |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Museum of Fine Arts, Houston]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Waldo Mootzka |url=https://emuseum.mfah.org/people/15630/waldo-mootzka |website=mfah.org}}</ref>
*[[Museum of Fine Arts, Houston]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Waldo Mootzka |url=https://emuseum.mfah.org/people/15630/waldo-mootzka |website=mfah.org}}</ref>
*[[Museum of Northern Arizona]], Flagstaff, Arizona<ref name="MusNaz">{{cite web |title=Fine Art |url=https://musnaz.org/collections/our-collections/fine-art/ |publisher=Museum of Northern Arizona |accessdate=16 November 2020}}</ref>
*[[Museum of Northern Arizona]], Flagstaff, Arizona<ref name="MusNaz">{{cite web |title=Fine Art |url=https://musnaz.org/collections/our-collections/fine-art/ |publisher=Museum of Northern Arizona |access-date=16 November 2020}}</ref>
*[[Southwest Museum of the American Indian|Southwest Museum]], Los Angeles, California<ref name="Indian Painter" />
*[[Southwest Museum of the American Indian|Southwest Museum]], Los Angeles, California<ref name="Indian Painter" />
*[[McNay Art Museum]]<ref name="McNay">{{cite web |title=Three Katsina Figures |url=https://collection.mcnayart.org/objects/743 |website=McNay Art Museum Online Collection |language=en}}</ref>
*[[McNay Art Museum]]<ref name="McNay">{{cite web |title=Three Katsina Figures |url=https://collection.mcnayart.org/objects/743 |website=McNay Art Museum Online Collection |language=en}}</ref>
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{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mootzka, Waldo}}
[[Category:1903 births]]
[[Category:1903 births]]
[[Category:Native American artists]]
[[Category:1940 deaths]]
[[Category:Indigenous artists of the Americas]]
[[Category:Hopi male artists]]
[[Category:Hopi people]]
[[Category:Hopi artists]]
[[Category:Watercolorists]]
[[Category:American watercolorists]]
[[Category:Artists from Arizona]]
[[Category:Painters from Arizona]]
[[Category:Road incident deaths in Arizona]]
[[Category:20th-century American artists]]
[[Category:20th-century Native American artists]]
[[Category:Native American painters]]

Latest revision as of 10:05, 6 June 2024

Katsinam and Sun Emblem, by Waldo Mootzka

Waldo Mootzka (1903–1940)[1] was a Hopi watercolor artist.

Early life

[edit]

Waldo Mootzka was born in 1903 into the Hopi tribe near Oraibi, Arizona, also known as Third Mesa[2] on the Hopi Reservation. His father was Tom Mootzka and his mother was a member of the Badger Clan.[3] Based on census data, Mootzka grew up with three sisters–Daisy, Amelia, and Norma.[4] Growing up in Hopi culture inspired most of the subject matter of Mootzka's paintings. However, there is not much said about his young childhood. Once he started to come of age he attended Oraibi day school.[5] Oraibi school was a boarding school that attempted to erase the Hopi culture and replace it with Anglo culture. However, some of the teachers at this boarding school in secret let the students paint.[3] Some individuals used this in order to express their culture.[6] His informal training began at the boarding school, and he also studied at Shungopovi, known as Second Mesa[2] on Hopiland.[5] There is no record of Mootzka being married. Toward the end of his life he started to study silversmithing in Santa Fe.[3] Mootzka died in 1940 following a car accident which exacerbated his tuberculosis.[7]

Career

[edit]
Traditional SakwaWaka katsina doll

Mootzka's career started during his time at boarding school observing fellow Hopi painter Fred Kabotie.[5] However, Mootzka never formally trained under anyone, and his watercolor skills were all self-taught. Most of the paintings that Mootzka created were about Hopi life and the ceremonies within it. However, he did experiment more than some of his fellow painters. This might indicate a European influence he gained at boarding school.[3]

Many of his paintings depicted Katsinam figures,[8] depictions of Hopi supernatural beings, or of kachina dancers, as represented in Hopi Kachina figures (Kachina dolls).[9] These Hopi deities differ than the Pueblo peoples living the Rio Grande valley, in that the Hopis were much less influenced by Catholicism due to their remote location on three mesa tops in Arizona.[10]

The Studio School movement

[edit]
Ancestral Hopi Sikyatki moth jar, an example of traditional flat-style painting on pottery

Mootzka's art was part of a trend in the 1930s in the Southwest, known as The Studio School movement. The painting style, introduced by Dorothy Dunn, an Anglo teacher at Santo Domingo Pueblo, acknowledged elements of Cubism, Symbolism and other current European sensibilities, yet promoted the "flat style" of painting found in traditional Pueblo pottery designs and murals.[11][12] In the later part of his career Mootzka focused on silversmithing more than watercolor.[3] Mootzka would at times incorporate Art Deco, or more specifically, Pueblo Deco motifs and design sensibilities into his work.[13]

Collections

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Broder, Patricia Janis (1979). Great Paintings of the Old American West. New York: Thomas Gilcrease Institute of American History and Art; Crown Publishers. p. 96. ISBN 0-517-31776-1. OCLC 748457255.
  2. ^ a b "The Hopi People". Hopi Cultural Center. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e Dockstader, Frederick (1977). Great North American Indians: Profiles in Life and Leadership. Van Nostrand Reinhold. p. 180. ISBN 9780442021481. OCLC 1035306823.
  4. ^ "Waldo Mootska United States Census, 1920". familysearch. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d King, Snodgrass (1968). American Indian Painters: A Biographical Directory. Museum of the American Indian; Heye Foundation. p. 123. OCLC 1039494099.
  6. ^ Johansen, Bruce; Pritzker, Barry. American Indian History. ABC-CLIO. p. 414.
  7. ^ E, Alexander. "Waldo Mootzka, Hopi Pueblo Painter". adobe Gallery. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  8. ^ a b "Three Katsina Figures". McNay Art Museum Online Collection.
  9. ^ Colton, Harold Sellers (1959). Hopi Kachina Dolls: A Key to their Identification. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  10. ^ Furst, Peter T.; Furst, Jill L. (1982). North American Indian Art. New York: Rizzoli. ISBN 0-8478-0572-7.
  11. ^ Bernstein, W.; Rushing, jackson (1995). Modern by Tradition: American Indian Painting in the Studio style. Albuquerque: Museum of New Mexico Press. ISBN 9780890132869. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  12. ^ Archuleta, Margaret. "The Native American Fine Art Movement: A Resource Guide. Heard Museum" (PDF). Heard. Retrieved 3 Oct 2020.
  13. ^ Fleming, Lee (3 June 1993). "Art". The Washington Post. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  14. ^ "Fall Corn Dance, Waldo Mootzka, Accession No. 40.91". Brooklyn Museum. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  15. ^ "Search collections: Waldo Mootzka". Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of the American Indian. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  16. ^ "Waldo Mootzka – Gilcrease Museum". collections.gilcrease.org.
  17. ^ "Waldo Mootzka". mfah.org.
  18. ^ "Fine Art". Museum of Northern Arizona. Retrieved 16 November 2020.